PENGARUH SALES PROMOTION TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN DENGAN CITRA MEREK SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING (Studi Kasus Pelanggan ShopeeFood di Kota Malang)

This study aims to determine the effect of sales promotion on purchasing decisions with brand image as an intervening variable. The location of the research was Malang City. The population used in this study were consumers who had used the ShopeeFood food delivery service at least once, with a sample of 120 respondents. The characteristics of the respondents are consumers who are in Malang City, consumers who have made transactions using sales promotions from ShopeeFood, consumers who have used the ShopeeFood food delivery service at least once, aged 18-35 years. This study uses a non-probability sampling technique with purposive sampling. Data collection techniques using online questionnaire. The analysis tool uses Smart-PLS. The results of this study found that sales promotion had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, brand image had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, sales promotion had a positive and significant effect on brand image and brand image mediated sales promotion on purchasing decisions

Surviving in change: the Argentine wool and hides exports during cereals and cold – storages times, 1890-1913

Durante las últimas décadas decimonónicas aparecieron ciertos productos que no formaban parte de la tradición exportadora argentina -trigo, maíz, lino, carnes ovinas y bovinas congeladas y animales en pie orientados a los mercados trasatlánticos-. Como consecuencia, los bienes que habían sido vendidos crecientemente al exterior luego de la Independencia iniciaron un proceso de declinación. Sin embargo, debemos señalar que algunos lo hicieron en términos absolutos -tasajo, sebo y otros subproductos pecuarios-, mientras que un grupo disminuyó su participación solo relativamente en el valor total de las exportaciones -lanas y cueros-. En este artículo se reconstruye la trayectoria de la lana sucia, así como de los cueros vacunos salados y secos, y de los lanares, entre 1890 y 1913. Para ello, hemos utilizado una nueva serie de comercio que creamos, basada en la corrección de los valores de las estadísticas oficiales. Por primera vez en la historiografía han sido cruzados anualmente cada uno de los productos con sus destinos. Adicionalmente, trabajamos con fuentes diplomáticas como la documentación inédita de la Serie Diplomática y Consular del Archivo del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto de la Argentina.During the last decades of the nineteenth-century, new products that were traditionally not considered for export, appeared -wheat, corn, linseed, frozen beef and lamb-. As a result, goods that were sold abroad after the Independence started a declination process. Nevertheless, we must point out to that some of them declined in absolute terms -salt meat, tallow and other cattle products-, while another group diminished it participation relatively in the whole export value -wool and hides-. In this paper, we propose the reconstruction of the trajectory of the dirty wool and different types of hides between 1890 and 1913. For such a purpose, we used a new trade series created by us, based on the correction of the official value. For the first time in the historiography the products are related to the destinies. Besides, as a complement, we work with unpublished diplomatic sources as Serie Diplomática y Consular from the Foreign Relations Ministry Archive.Fil: Rayes, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil. Instituto de Geografía, Historia y Ciencias Sociales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Instituto de Estudios Histórico Sociales de Tandil; Argentin

The construction of official export statistics in Argentina, c. 1880-1930

En este estudio analizamos la construcción de las estadísticas argentinas de exportación durante la Era de las Exportaciones (c. 1880-1930). Iniciamos el artículo con una breve reflexión acerca del Estado argentino y el rol de las cifras oficiales. Continuamos con el análisis de los conocimientos de los funcionarios encargados de las estadísticas y los diagnósticos que hicieron sobre las tendencias del comercio. Luego, planteamos los alcances y los límites en la fiabilidad de los datos. Finalmente, mostramos la labor de los estadísticos para mejorar la precisión de la información en la clasificación y la valoración de los bienes exportados así como en los intentos por conocer el destino final de las denominadas exportaciones “a órdenes”. Para desarrollar nuestra investigación nos basamos especialmente en los anuarios de comercio exterior y en escritos de algunos de los principales responsables de las tareas de recolección, registro y exposición de los datos de exportación.In this study, we analyze the reconstruction of Argentinian export statistics during the Export Era (c. 1880-1930). We start with a brief reflection on the Argentine State and the role of the official data. We follow analyzing knowledges of the men in charge of the statistics and their diagnosis on trade´s patterns. Then, we point out the possibilities and the limits of reliability data. Finally, we show different tasks made by statisticians to improve information accuracy, noticed in goods´ classification and valoration and the attemps to know which were the final destination of the so-called exports “by orders”. We based our research especially in foreign trade annuals and in studies done by those who worked on commercial statistics.Fil: Rayes, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Instituto de Geografía, Historia y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Geografía, Historia y Ciencias Sociales; Argentin

Los destinos de las exportaciones y la neutralidad argentina durante la Primera Guerra Mundial

Este artículo fundamenta que la distribución geográfica pre-bélica de las exportaciones fue uno de los principales motivos que explican la neutralidad de la Argentina durante la Primera Guerra Mundial. Para sostener nuestra hipótesis, presentamos nueva evidencia empírica basada tanto en la corrección de precios de los artículos como en la distribución de los embarques "a órdenes". Adicionalmente, caracterizamos las exportaciones argentinas a lo largo de la contienda considerando la composición de la canasta, los valores y el volumen de los productos y su distribución geográfica, para mostrar la dificultad de mantener la neutralidad en las relaciones comerciales argentinas de la época.This paper argues that pre-war geographical distribution of exports was one of the major reasons to explain Argentina’s neutrality during First World War. To support our hypothesis we present new empirical evidence based on the correction of goods prices as well as distribution of “for orders” load. Additionally, we characterize Argentine exports considering basket composition, values and volume of goods, and destination’s assignments, which indicate how difficult was keeping neutral for Argentina in its commercial relations.Fil: Rayes, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil. Instituto de Geografía, Historia y Ciencias Sociales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Instituto de Estudios Histórico Sociales de Tandil; Argentin

Enhancing the selectivity of frequency selective surfaces for terahertz sensing applications

This paper introduces a new technique for enhancing the selectivity (or the quality factor, Q-factor) of frequency selective surfaces (FSS) for sensing applications. The proposed FSS functions as a free-space bandpass resonator, designed to sense the changing dielectric properties of minute amount of materials loaded on the FSS. The Q-enhancement technique is mainly based on two concepts; enhancing the field concentration in a given area and introducing transmission zeros in the FSS response. Two designs based on a modified complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) at 300 GHz have been proposed. The first one is composed of complementary triple-split ring resonators. The splits divided the structure into arcs of different lengths. As a result, the transmission zero is obtained in the passband due to a destructive coupling. This produces a resonance Q-factor of 41. By controlling the orientation of the three splits, higher Q-factor of 84 is attainable. The second structure is designed using concentric triple-split rings. The added electromagnetic coupling between the concentric rings makes the transmission response steeper as compared with the single triple-split ring, and the quality factor increases from 41 to 90. By reducing the inter-spacing distance by three times, the Q-factor can be further increased to 256. The parameter studies of the FSS structures based on full-wave simulations have been presented

A qualitative study exploring public perceptions on the role of community pharmacists in Dubai

Background: The role of community pharmacists is very important due to their access to primary care patients and expertise. For this reason, the interaction level between pharmacists and patients should be optimized to ensure enhanced delivery of pharmacy services. Objective: To gauge perceptions and expectations of the public on the role of community pharmacists in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: Twenty five individuals were invited to participate in 4 separate focus group discussions. Individuals came from different racial groups and socioeconomic backgrounds. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Using thematic analysis, two reviewers coded all transcripts to identify emerging themes. Appropriate measures were taken to ensure study rigor and validity. Results: All facilitators and barriers that were identified were grouped into 5 distinct themes. The pharmacist as a healthcare professional in the public mind was the most prominent theme that was discussed in all 4 focus groups. Other themes identified were, in decreasing order of prevalence, psychological perceptions towards pharmacists, important determinants of a pharmacist, the pharmacy as a unique healthcare provider, and control over pharmacies by health authorities

Pregnancy after liver transplantation with tacrolimus immunosuppression: A single center's experience update at 13 years

Background. Chronic liver disease often leads to amenorrhea in women of childbearing age. There are several reports of successful pregnancy after liver transplantation (LTx) with cyclosporine A immunosuppression. Tacrolimus has been increasingly used in solid-organ transplantation, and the effect of the drug on pregnancy is still of interest to clinicians. This study updates our single-center experience. Methods. All pregnancies after LTx with tacrolimus immunosuppression were followed prospectively. Patients' clinical courses during pregnancy and labor along with gestational period and birth weight were catalogued. Changes in liver function, renal function, and immunosuppression also were recorded. The birth weight percentile was calculated on the basis of the gestational period using a standard chart. Results. Thirty-seven mothers delivered 49 babies. Three mothers delivered three times, and six mothers delivered two times. Thirty-six mothers (97%) survived the pregnancy, and 36 allografts (97%) survived. The one death and graft loss was in a patient who demonstrated infra-aortic arterial graft, which clotted by the gravid uterus during labor. The patient developed a gangrenous liver and died before she could undergo retransplantation. The mean gestational period was 36.4±3. 2 weeks, excluding two premature deliveries at 23 and 24 weeks gestation. Twenty-two babies (46.9%) were delivered by cesarean section, and the other babies were delivered vaginally. In addition to the two premature babies, one baby, who was born to a mother with Alagille syndrome, died from congenital birth defects. The rest of the newborns survived. The mean birth weight was 2,797±775 g, with 38 babies (78%) weighing more than 2,000 g. The mean birth weight percentile to gestational period was 54±23. Four babies (8.5%) had a birth weight percentile of less than 25, and 28 babies (59.6%) had a birth weight percentile greater than 50. Twelve patients demonstrated an increase in hepatic enzymes without jaundice during the pregnancy. All of them responded to augmentation of immunosuppression. Conclusion. The present report reconfirms the safety of tacrolimus during pregnancy after LTx. Preterm delivery and low birth weight seem to be a persistent problem in all solid-organ transplantation under any form of immunosuppression. However, toxemia of pregnancy and new onset of hypertension seem to be have a low occurrence with the use of tacrolimus

Gain-of-function mutations in the UNC-2/CaV2α channel lead to excitation-dominant synaptic transmission in C. elegans

Mutations in pre-synaptic voltage gated calcium channels can lead to familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1). While mammalian studies indicate that the migraine brain is hyperexcitable due to enhanced excitation or reduced inhibition, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance are poorly understood. We identified a gain-of-function (gf) mutation in the Caenorhabditis elegans CaV2 channel α1 subunit, UNC-2, which leads to increased calcium currents. unc-2(zf35gf) mutants exhibit hyperactivity and seizure-like motor behaviors. Expression of the unc-2 gene with FHM1 substitutions R192Q and S218L leads to hyperactivity similar to that of unc-2(zf35gf) mutants. unc-2(zf35gf) mutants display increased cholinergic-and decreased GABAergic-transmission. Moreover, increased cholinergic transmission in unc-2(zf35gf) mutants leads to an increase of cholinergic synapses and a TAX-6/calcineurin dependent reduction of GABA synapses. Our studies reveal mechanisms through which CaV2 gain-of-function mutations disrupt excitation-inhibition balance in the nervous system.Fil: Huang, Yung Chi. University of Massachussets; Estados UnidosFil: Pirri, Jennifer K.. University of Massachussets; Estados UnidosFil: Rayes, Diego Hernán. University of Massachussets; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Gao, Shangbang. Mount Sinai Hospital; Estados UnidosFil: Mulcahy, Ben. Mount Sinai Hospital; Estados UnidosFil: Grant, Jeff. University of Massachussets; Estados UnidosFil: Saheki, Yasunori. The Rockefeller University; Estados UnidosFil: Francis, Michael M.. University of Massachussets; Estados UnidosFil: Zhen, Mei. University of Toronto; Canadá. Mount Sinai Hospital; Estados UnidosFil: Alkema, Mark J.. University of Massachussets; Estados Unido