PENGARUH SALES PROMOTION TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN DENGAN CITRA MEREK SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING (Studi Kasus Pelanggan ShopeeFood di Kota Malang)

This study aims to determine the effect of sales promotion on purchasing decisions with brand image as an intervening variable. The location of the research was Malang City. The population used in this study were consumers who had used the ShopeeFood food delivery service at least once, with a sample of 120 respondents. The characteristics of the respondents are consumers who are in Malang City, consumers who have made transactions using sales promotions from ShopeeFood, consumers who have used the ShopeeFood food delivery service at least once, aged 18-35 years. This study uses a non-probability sampling technique with purposive sampling. Data collection techniques using online questionnaire. The analysis tool uses Smart-PLS. The results of this study found that sales promotion had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, brand image had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, sales promotion had a positive and significant effect on brand image and brand image mediated sales promotion on purchasing decisions

The construction of official export statistics in Argentina, c. 1880-1930

En este estudio analizamos la construcción de las estadísticas argentinas de exportación durante la Era de las Exportaciones (c. 1880-1930). Iniciamos el artículo con una breve reflexión acerca del Estado argentino y el rol de las cifras oficiales. Continuamos con el análisis de los conocimientos de los funcionarios encargados de las estadísticas y los diagnósticos que hicieron sobre las tendencias del comercio. Luego, planteamos los alcances y los límites en la fiabilidad de los datos. Finalmente, mostramos la labor de los estadísticos para mejorar la precisión de la información en la clasificación y la valoración de los bienes exportados así como en los intentos por conocer el destino final de las denominadas exportaciones “a órdenes”. Para desarrollar nuestra investigación nos basamos especialmente en los anuarios de comercio exterior y en escritos de algunos de los principales responsables de las tareas de recolección, registro y exposición de los datos de exportación.In this study, we analyze the reconstruction of Argentinian export statistics during the Export Era (c. 1880-1930). We start with a brief reflection on the Argentine State and the role of the official data. We follow analyzing knowledges of the men in charge of the statistics and their diagnosis on trade´s patterns. Then, we point out the possibilities and the limits of reliability data. Finally, we show different tasks made by statisticians to improve information accuracy, noticed in goods´ classification and valoration and the attemps to know which were the final destination of the so-called exports “by orders”. We based our research especially in foreign trade annuals and in studies done by those who worked on commercial statistics.Fil: Rayes, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Instituto de Geografía, Historia y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Geografía, Historia y Ciencias Sociales; Argentin

Los destinos de las exportaciones y la neutralidad argentina durante la Primera Guerra Mundial

Este artículo fundamenta que la distribución geográfica pre-bélica de las exportaciones fue uno de los principales motivos que explican la neutralidad de la Argentina durante la Primera Guerra Mundial. Para sostener nuestra hipótesis, presentamos nueva evidencia empírica basada tanto en la corrección de precios de los artículos como en la distribución de los embarques "a órdenes". Adicionalmente, caracterizamos las exportaciones argentinas a lo largo de la contienda considerando la composición de la canasta, los valores y el volumen de los productos y su distribución geográfica, para mostrar la dificultad de mantener la neutralidad en las relaciones comerciales argentinas de la época.This paper argues that pre-war geographical distribution of exports was one of the major reasons to explain Argentina’s neutrality during First World War. To support our hypothesis we present new empirical evidence based on the correction of goods prices as well as distribution of “for orders” load. Additionally, we characterize Argentine exports considering basket composition, values and volume of goods, and destination’s assignments, which indicate how difficult was keeping neutral for Argentina in its commercial relations.Fil: Rayes, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil. Instituto de Geografía, Historia y Ciencias Sociales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Instituto de Estudios Histórico Sociales de Tandil; Argentin

Surviving in change: the Argentine wool and hides exports during cereals and cold – storages times, 1890-1913

Durante las últimas décadas decimonónicas aparecieron ciertos productos que no formaban parte de la tradición exportadora argentina -trigo, maíz, lino, carnes ovinas y bovinas congeladas y animales en pie orientados a los mercados trasatlánticos-. Como consecuencia, los bienes que habían sido vendidos crecientemente al exterior luego de la Independencia iniciaron un proceso de declinación. Sin embargo, debemos señalar que algunos lo hicieron en términos absolutos -tasajo, sebo y otros subproductos pecuarios-, mientras que un grupo disminuyó su participación solo relativamente en el valor total de las exportaciones -lanas y cueros-. En este artículo se reconstruye la trayectoria de la lana sucia, así como de los cueros vacunos salados y secos, y de los lanares, entre 1890 y 1913. Para ello, hemos utilizado una nueva serie de comercio que creamos, basada en la corrección de los valores de las estadísticas oficiales. Por primera vez en la historiografía han sido cruzados anualmente cada uno de los productos con sus destinos. Adicionalmente, trabajamos con fuentes diplomáticas como la documentación inédita de la Serie Diplomática y Consular del Archivo del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto de la Argentina.During the last decades of the nineteenth-century, new products that were traditionally not considered for export, appeared -wheat, corn, linseed, frozen beef and lamb-. As a result, goods that were sold abroad after the Independence started a declination process. Nevertheless, we must point out to that some of them declined in absolute terms -salt meat, tallow and other cattle products-, while another group diminished it participation relatively in the whole export value -wool and hides-. In this paper, we propose the reconstruction of the trajectory of the dirty wool and different types of hides between 1890 and 1913. For such a purpose, we used a new trade series created by us, based on the correction of the official value. For the first time in the historiography the products are related to the destinies. Besides, as a complement, we work with unpublished diplomatic sources as Serie Diplomática y Consular from the Foreign Relations Ministry Archive.Fil: Rayes, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil. Instituto de Geografía, Historia y Ciencias Sociales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Instituto de Estudios Histórico Sociales de Tandil; Argentin

Using Automatic Satellite Images and Monitoring of Water Objects

تم تنفيذ نظام المسح والرصد الراداري للأقمار الصناعية لرسم خرائط الأجسام المياه في سلوفينيا والدول الحدوديه لها بوساطة رادارات القمر الصناعي (Sentinel-1). تقوم الخوارزميات تلقائيًا باكتشاف وجود بيانات جديدة في الأرشيف واسترداد البيانات وتحليلها ونشر النتائج ونقلها إلى موقع الويب. تتوفر عمليات المسح الجديدة كل ستة أيام، ولكن هذه المرة سيتم خفض الوقت إلى النصف، عندما يبدأ Sentinel-1 الثاني في ارسال البيانات.The satellite radar survey and monitoring system for the mapping of water bodies in Slovenia and its border states was carried out by satellite radars (Sentinel-1). Algorithms automatically detect new archived data, retrieve and analyze data, and publish and transmit results to a website. New surveys were available every six days, but this time the time will be halved, when Sentinel-1 starts sending data

Marine wood borers in New Zealand: an interdisciplinary study of their origins, impacts and management

Non-indigenous marine species are a major concern worldwide. For some species, insufficient historical and biogeographical data can leave their origin and patterns of dispersal difficult to determine. Among such species are marine wood borers. This thesis uses an interdisciplinary approach, combining both historical and biological methods, to address marine borer impacts, management attempts, and their status in New Zealand. This research had two key components. Firstly, a historical review sought to improve the understanding and awareness of the historic impacts and responses to borers, with particular reference to New Zealand between 1850 and 1930. Marine wood borers have had profound impacts throughout history, responsible for significant structural and economic damage to wooden ships and marine infrastructure globally. In New Zealand, trade and economy played an important role in providing both the transportation vectors and infrastructure for marine wood borers to inhabit. Ongoing trialling of timber alternatives and chemicals for the preservation of infrastructure followed, with little success until the introduction of ferro-concrete in the early 1900s. When considered in a global context, the New Zealand case study of borer impacts and management attempts highlights their significant role in environmental history. Mitochondrial DNA (COI) sequence analyses were used to examine the questionable invasion histories and status of common marine wood borers in New Zealand. It has been assumed that many marine wood borers invaded New Zealand via wooden ships. However, these purported introductions are historic, and the specific origins of many species are unclear. Species from three families and two phyla were collected around the North Island, New Zealand; Teredinidae (Bivalvia: Mollusca), Sphaeromatidae and Limnoriidae (Isopoda: Arthropoda). Low levels of genetic divergence (0-2%) were found among the New Zealand populations of two species, Limnoria quadripunctata and Sphaeroma quoianum, suggesting a non-indigenous status. Limnoria quadripunctata also showed a close genetic affinity to populations in Chile, supporting a non-indigenous status, with its widespread distribution in New Zealand explained by multiple introductions. For Lyrodus pedicellatus, a lack of genetic affinity to conspecifics sequenced elsewhere (France), greater genetic diversity compared to the native Bankia australis, and evidence of population structuring among New Zealand locations, suggested L. pedicellatus may be native to New Zealand. Lyrodus pedicellatus from New Zealand was highly divergent (>20%) from global L. pedicellatus populations, suggesting that either identifications of specimens on global databases are incorrect, or the New Zealand species represents a morphologically undescribed cryptic congener. In conclusion, COI sequences provided a useful tool in elucidating the status of marine wood borers in New Zealand, and highlighted a need for taxonomic resolution of some species. Collectively the two chapters illustrate the knowledge gaps and lack of recognition surrounding marine wood borers, globally and in New Zealand. This research provides an extensive understanding of their significant historical role in marine environmental history and assists in re-evaluation of their current native or non-indigenous status in New Zealand