Effect of solarization, chemical and organic fertilization on the control of nematode on greenhouse lettuce

Os efeitos da solarização do solo associados à adubação no controle de nematóides e na produtividade da alface cultivar "Verônica" foram avaliados em solo naturalmente infestado. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos, um com e outro sem solarização, em casa de vegetação, ambos com cinco tratamentos: adubação orgânica; nitrogênio na forma amoniacal (NH4); adubação com NPK; adubação orgânica mais NPK; testemunha (sem adubação). No experimento solarizado, o solo foi coberto durante 132 dias com filme plástico transparente. A população de nematóides foi avaliada em duas camadas (0–10 cm e 10-20 cm), e as coletas de solo foram feitas em três épocas (antes da implantação do experimento; após a solarização; após a colheita). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com três repetições em parcelas sub-subdivididas, com medidas no espaço e no tempo (5 adubações x 2 camadas x 3 épocas), e a comparação entre experimentos foi feita pela análise conjunta. O efeito da solarização sobre o controle de nematóides dependeu da adubação e camada do solo. A solarização reduziu a população de nematóides na camada de 0-10 cm em todos os tratamentos de adubação. A solarização associada ao NH4 reduziu a diversidade na camada de 10-20 cm. A solarização combinada às adubações orgânica, N-NH4, NPK e orgânica mais NPK reduziu de maneira eficiente o número de galhas, o número de massas de ovos e a população de nematóides fitoparasitas nas raízes, em especial de Meloidogyne spp. Solarização combinada à adubação orgânica apresenta potencial para controle de nematóides e redução do uso de agrotóxicos. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe effect of soil solarization and fertilization was evaluated for nematode control in 'Veronica' lettuce in naturally infested soil. The two greenhouse experiments consisted of five fertilization treatments: organic fertilization; ammoniacal nitrogen (ammonium sulphate); NPK fertilization; organic and NPK fertilization; control (without fertilization), in solarized and non-solarized soils. In the solarized plot the soil was covered during 132 days with transparent plastic film. The nematode populations were evaluated in two layers (010 cm and 10-20 cm) with soil collections done at three times (before solarization; after solarization; and after harvest). The experimental design was of sub-subdivided blocks plots with assessments in space and time (5 fertilization x 2 depths x 3 times). The effect of solarization on nematode control was dependent on fertilization and soil depth. Solarization reduced nematodes population at 0-10 cm depth in all the fertilization treatments. Solarization associated to ammoniacal nitrogen reduced nematode diversity at 10-20 cm depth. Solarization associated to organic, ammoniacal nitrogen, NPK and organic + NPK fertilization reduced efficiently gall numbers, egg masses number and phytoparasitic nematodes, specially Meloidogyne spp., in lettuce roots. Solarization associated to organic fertilization has a potential to be used in nematode control and to reduce pesticides application

The Last Mile in Analyzing Wellbeing and Poverty : Indices of Social Development

__Abstract__ Development practitioners worldwide increasingly recognize the importance of informal institutions - such as norms of cooperation, non-discrimination, or the role of community oversight in the management of investment activities – in affecting well-being, poverty, and even economic growth. There has been little empirical analysis that tests these relationships at the international level. This is largely due to data limitations: few reliable, globally-representative data sources exist that can provide a basis for cross-country comparison of social norms and practice, social trust and community engagement

Compression of aerodynamic databases using high-order singular value decomposition

A methodology based on high-order singular value decomposition is presented to compress multidimensional (with the various dimensions associated with both the spatial coordinates and parameter values) aerodynamic databases. The method is illustrated with a database containing computational fluid dynamics calculations of the outer flow around a wing, with two free parameters, the Mach number and the angle of attack. Comparison is made between the results of compressing just one flow snapshot (for fixed values of the parameters), compressing a one-parameter family of snapshots, and compressing the whole database. Several compressing strategies are also discussed that deal with (a) treating the flow variables separately or considering all flow variables at a time, (b) considering the whole flow domain simultaneously or dividing it into blocks, and (c) using various measures of errors. The main conclusion is that a large compression factor is generally obtained. Furthermore, the compression factor increases exponentially as the dimension of the database increases for any fixed error, namely the compression factor increases by an order of magnitude with each new database dimension for an error level of 1%

Optimal protamine dosing after cardiopulmonary bypass: The PRODOSE adaptive randomised controlled trial.

BackgroundThe dose of protamine required following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is often determined by the dose of heparin required pre-CPB, expressed as a fixed ratio. Dosing based on mathematical models of heparin clearance is postulated to improve protamine dosing precision and coagulation. We hypothesised that protamine dosing based on a 2-compartment model would improve thromboelastography (TEG) parameters and reduce the dose of protamine administered, relative to a fixed ratio.Methods and findingsWe undertook a 2-stage, adaptive randomised controlled trial, allocating 228 participants to receive protamine dosed according to a mathematical model of heparin clearance or a fixed ratio of 1 mg of protamine for every 100 IU of heparin required to establish anticoagulation pre-CPB. A planned, blinded interim analysis was undertaken after the recruitment of 50% of the study cohort. Following this, the randomisation ratio was adapted from 1:1 to 1:1.33 to increase recruitment to the superior arm while maintaining study power. At the conclusion of trial recruitment, we had randomised 121 patients to the intervention arm and 107 patients to the control arm. The primary endpoint was kaolin TEG r-time measured 3 minutes after protamine administration at the end of CPB. Secondary endpoints included ratio of kaolin TEG r-time pre-CPB to the same metric following protamine administration, requirement for allogeneic red cell transfusion, intercostal catheter drainage at 4 hours postoperatively, and the requirement for reoperation due to bleeding. The trial was listed on a clinical trial registry (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03532594). Participants were recruited between April 2018 and August 2019. Those in the intervention/model group had a shorter mean kaolin r-time (6.58 [SD 2.50] vs. 8.08 [SD 3.98] minutes; p = 0.0016) post-CPB. The post-protamine thromboelastogram of the model group was closer to pre-CPB parameters (median pre-CPB to post-protamine kaolin r-time ratio 0.96 [IQR 0.78-1.14] vs. 0.75 [IQR 0.57-0.99]; p 120 kg, and patients requiring therapeutic hypothermia to ConclusionsUsing a mathematical model to guide protamine dosing in patients following CPB improved TEG r-time and reduced the dose administered relative to a fixed ratio. No differences were detected in postoperative mediastinal/pleural drainage or red blood cell transfusion requirement in our cohort of low-risk patients.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Unique identifier NCT03532594

Early detection of weed in sugarcane using convolutional neural network

Weed infestation is an essential factor in sugarcane productivity loss. The use of remote sensing data in conjunction with Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, can lead the cultivation of sugarcane to a new level in terms of weed control. For this purpose, an algorithm based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) was developed to detect, quantify, and map weeds in sugarcane areas located in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. Images of the PlanetScope satellite were subdivided, separated, trained in different scenarios, classified and georeferenced, producing a map with weed information included. Scenario one of the CNN training and test presented overall accuracy (0,983), and it was used to produce the final mapping of forest areas, sugarcane, and weed infestation. The quantitative analysis of the area (ha) infested by weed indicated a high probability of a negative impact on sugarcane productivity. It is recommended that the adequacy of CNN’s algorithm for Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) images be carried out, aiming at the differentiation between weed species, as well as its application in the detection in areas with different culture crop

Seagrass meadows improve inflowing water quality in aquaculture ponds

Water quality is critical for fish health in aquaculture production. In flow-through systems, the inflowing water normally requires quality controls and treatments for being supplied from coastal water bodies that can be polluted by nutrients, suspended solids, and microorganisms. Here we assess how seagrass meadows benefit aquaculture systems through the provision of ecosystem services (water filtration, biological control, and regulation of dissolved gasses) in the water reservoir that supplies earthen ponds in an aquaculture system in southern Portugal. In the 1.45-ha reservoir, seagrasses retained daily an estimate of 0.8–1.8 kg d−1 of nitrogen, 0.04–0.07 kg d−1 of phosphorus in their biomass, and 0.7–1.1 kg dw d−1 of suspended total particulate matter, bringing benefits in terms of nutrient and particle removal from the water column. Diel and spatial variation in faecal coliforms levels (Escherichia coli) in the reservoir suggested that seagrasses, in combination with light exposure, may reduce the levels of this pathogen. Furthermore, the seagrass-dominated system oxygenated the water through photosynthesis at a faster rate than the respiratory oxygen consumption, maintaining the system above the aquaculture minimum oxygen. This study demonstrates that seagrasses can be used as a nature-based solution to overcome water quality challenges in flow-through aquaculture ponds.Foundation of Science and Technology of Portugal through projects PTDC/MAR-EST/3223/2014 and UIDB/04326/2020 and through fellowships SFRH/BPD/119344/2016 and SFRH/BD/118601/2016, and was further funded by MAR2020 through project DIVERSIAQUA (MAR202016-02-01-FMP-0066).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Videos for remote instruction of caregivers of children with atypical development during the COVID-19 pandemic

O momento que estamos vivendo, de pandemia da COVID-19, exige que sejam tomadas medidas de contenção da propagação do novo coronavírus (Sars-Cov-2) na população. Desde o início da pandemia, o distanciamento social tem sido a principal orientação da Organização Mundial da Saúde para combater a disseminação do coronavírus. Tais condições ressaltam a necessidade de ferramentas para o atendimento e suporte remoto de crianças com desenvolvimento atípico, como aquelas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista. Ferramentas como essas têm se mostrado efetivas e têm suma importância no contexto brasileiro, tendo em vista o reduzido número de profissionais capacitados e o alto custo nas intervenções. Portanto, o presente artigo visou apresentar uma ferramenta (canal no YouTube com a publicação periódica de vídeos instrucionais e didáticos sobre diferentes habilidades) para auxiliar profissionais (psicólogos, pedagogos, fonoaudiólogos, terapeutas ocupacionais etc.) na orientação ou treinamento de cuidadores para intervirem com crianças nas circunstâncias atuais, buscando assim reduzir prejuízos a médio e a longo prazo por uma possível inviabilidade de atendimento presencial para esse público.Palavras-chave:  atendimento remoto, canal, intervenção via cuidador, Transtorno do Espectro Autista, telessaúde.The current moment, in face of the COVID-19 pandemic, requires measures to contain the spread of the new coronavirus (Sars-Cov-2) among the population. Since the beginning of the pandemic, social distancing has been the main recommendation of World Health Organization to avoid the spread of coronavirus. These conditions highlight the need of tools for remote care and support for children with atypical development, such as those diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Tools with this purpose have been elsewhere proven to be effective and they are of great importance in the Brazilian context, given the small number of trained professionals and the high cost of interventions. Therefore, the present paper aimed to present a tool (YouTube channel with periodic publication of instructional and didactic videos on different skills) to assist professionals (psychologists, pedagogues, speech therapists, occupational therapists, etc.) in guiding and training caregivers to intervene with children in the current circumstances, thus seeking to reduce losses in the medium and long term due to a possible unfeasibility of face-to-face service for this audience.Keywords:  remote service, channel, intervention via caregiver, Autism Spectrum Disorder, telehealth

Estratégias comportamentais usadas por fonoaudiólogos(as) para ensino de comportamento verbal a indivíduos diagnosticados com Transtorno do Espectro Autista

O(a) fonoaudiólogo(a) é o profissional com capacitação para intervir nas dificuldades de comunicação humana. Um dos objetos de estudo da Fonoaudiologia é a linguagem, que é um tema de interesse em comum com analistas do comportamento envolvidos na prestação de serviços na área da Análise do Comportamento Aplicada. O conhecimento envolvido tanto na atuação dos(as) fonoaudiólogos(as), quanto dos analistas do comportamento é convergente na busca de práticas baseadas em evidências para soluções de problemas socialmente relevantes de indivíduos diagnosticados com Transtorno do Espectro Autista. Considerando isso, esta revisão buscou sistematizar o que pesquisadores da área da fonoaudiologia produziram entre os anos de 2010 e 2020, quanto ao uso de estratégias comportamentais para ensino de repertório verbal a indivíduos dentro do espectro autista. Foi utilizada a metodologia PRISMA para buscas nas bases de dados. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria das pesquisas se concentrou em aquisição e/ou ampliação de repertório verbal a partir de modelos de ensino incidentais e instrução sistemática para uso de comunicação suplementar e/ou alternativa

Right pulmonary artery occlusion by an acute dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta

We describe the case of a 76-year old female who presented with a Type A aortic dissection requiring repair with an interposition graft and aortic valve replacement. Post-operatively she had clinical features and computerised tomographic images suggestive of a pulmonary embolus and died 24 hours later. The extremely rare finding of intramural thrombus occluding the right pulmonary artery was seen at post mortem