Pengaruh Penambahan Bubuk Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum Burmannii) terhadap Sifat Kimia dan Total Mikroba pada Nugget Ayam

This study was conducted to determine the effect of adding cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni) powder to the chemical and microbial activity of chicken nuggets. The research method used completely randomized design (RAL) with four treatment 3 replication. The result of organoleptic test showed chicken nuggets with the addition of 2.5 g cinnamon powder most preferred. Chemical test showed that chicken nugget with the addition of cinnamon powder 2.5 g of moisture content of 69.51%, ash content of 1.15% and 13.22% protein content. The result of the microbial (TPC) test showed that at 0 day storage of chicken nugget without cinnamon were 44 cfu/g into 36 cfu/g. The addition of 2.5 g cinnamon powder, at 5 days about 80 cfu/g into 71 cfu /g, at 10 day ie 93 cfu / g into 82 cfu/g, at 15 days about 115 cfu/g into 96 cfu/g

Designing and building for extreme environments. A multi-criteria decision model to evaluate architecture for extreme temperatures

The purpose of this research is to present an assessment methodology that validates architecture designs for environments with extreme temperatures, considering structural and energy demands, as well as sustainability-related concerns. This is achieved using multi-criteria decision analysis modelling. This study presents the results of a MCDA model built for this purpose, and evaluated through four variations representing different project scenarios. A total of 11 criteria (regarding energy efficiency, material performance, architectural performance and circularity) are used to analyse four building assemblies, in order to understand which is more appropriate for an environment with extremely cold and extremely hot temperatures. This allows the validation of the proposed multi-criteria analysis framework, which will lead to further research on extreme climate design.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The MACBETH approach to evaluate strategies for the conservation of architectural heritage

The critical appraisal of alternative strategies in conservation projects of historical buildings is often a complex task that requires balancing a variety of conflicting criteria related to multiple stakeholders and requirements. The main purpose of this study is to make the case for the use of multi-criteria decision analysis in supporting a consistent and transparent, inter-disciplinary decision-making process, using the case study of repair and strengthening techniques of timber frame walls. The MACBETH approach is particularly suitable in this field of research since the judgment procedures allow for an appropriate analysis of intangible values such as the ones at stake in architectural heritage.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Looking for the brain inside the initial teacher training and outreach books in Portugal

The fascination with brain research is widespread, and school teachers are no exception. This growing interest, usually noticed by the increased supply of short-term training or books on how to turn the brain more efficient, leads us to think about their basic training and outreach resources available. Little is known about what the official Initial Teacher Training (ITT) offers concerning the brain literature and if it meets scientific standards. Also, what are the science communication materials that teachers can access to learn about the developing brain remain undiscussed. First, we examined the ITT courses taught in Portuguese Higher Education, both in public and private institutions, to identify the syllabus with updated neuroscientific knowledge. Second, we searched for the neuroscience-related books published in the last 6 years through the National Library of Portugal database. Thirty ITT courses and 35 outreach publications were reviewed through a rapid review methodology. Our results showed an absence of curricular units indicating in their programs that brain research, and its relationship with learning, would be taught in a representative and updated way. In contrast, the number of brain-related books for educators increased in Portugal, corroborating the demand for this field of study by these professionals. Based on the literature that shows how misunderstandings about the brain have increased in school contexts, our discussion recognizes that science outreach could be a way to increase the scientific literacy of school teachers with the research community working more in this direction, but, since a previous problem seems to be unsolved, there is an urgent need for specialized attention to the development of training curricula for future kindergarten and elementary school teachers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Achieving a successful relationship between Neuroscience and Education: The views of Portuguese teachers

AbstractEducational Neuroscience is currently raising high attention by the educational and neuroscientific community. However, society has created too many expectations concerning what Neuroscience can bring to Education. With this study, we aim to identify eventual distorted expectations of the teachers and propose ways to overcome these. This study was carried out in Portugal with 30 participating schools, where 627 questionnaires were answered by teachers from Preschool to High School. Our results show that there are still misunderstandings concerning the Portuguese teachers’ views about the links between Neuroscience and Education. More collaborative efforts between professionals of both fields are needed for the field of Educational Neuroscience to succeed

Temperament, executive functioning, and anxiety in school-age children who stutter

The purpose of this study was to examine temperament dimensions, executive functioning ability, and anxiety levels in school-age children who stutter and their non-stuttering peers. Participants were 100 Portuguese children aged 7 to 12 years (M = 9.13; SD = 1.70), including 50 children who stutter and 50 children who do not stutter. Analyses, which were performed separately for younger and older participants, sought to identify correlations between key variables. Temperament was evaluated through a parent questionnaire, executive functioning was evaluated through children’s responses on a performance test, and anxiety level was assessed through a self-perception scale. On the temperament measure, comparisons between children who stutter and their non-stuttering peers revealed that older children who stutter exhibited significantly higher scores on the Anger/Frustration, Impulsivity, and Sadness subscales, and lower averages on the Attention/Focusing, Perceptual sensitivity, and Soothability/Falling Reactivity subscales. On the executive functioning task, comparisons revealed that the group of younger children who stutter exhibited significantly higher average execution times than their non-stuttering peers. There were no statistically significant differences in anxiety between children who stutter and children who do not stutter, and there were no statistically significant correlations between temperament factors and measures of executive functioning. Children who stutter experienced lower ability to orient attention and greater emotional reactivity compared with their non-stuttering peers. Significant correlations were found between executive functioning and age and among the temperament factors themselves. These results, which support the need for a multidimensional view of stuttering, were interpreted in the context of the Dual Diathesis – Stressor model. Findings indicate that temperament and executive functioning abilities may contribute to the development of stuttering.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Gaguez na criança - atualização da revisão de literatura

Introduction: Stuttering is a fluency disorder in which the flow of speech is disrupted. The disorder is frequently misunderstood and to better analyze it is necessary to understand stuttering as more than a speech problem. Recent literature points out thatshould instead be viewed as a communication disorder with the potential to affect several aspects of children’s lives.  Different perspectives about stuttering can bring a more diverse analysis and move the field forward in scientific knowledge, however, it can also lead to fragmented and controversial views. Despite some lingering scientific consensus issues, there has been growing agreement among researchers that stuttering is a multifactorial disorder. Aim: To summarize and analyze previously published research considering stuttering as a dynamic disorder influenced by several factors. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review which focuses on the development of stuttering, and the implications for the onset, manifestation, and chronicity of this disorder in school-age children who stutter. Results: Because of the ever-increasing literature in the area of stuttering, the review addresses assessment procedures and the perception of the impact of stuttering on children’s daily life. Conclusion: This comprehensive view contributes to an updated understanding of therapeutic and scientific factors to be considered in the evaluation and treatment of stuttering.Introdução: A gaguez é uma Perturbação da Fluência na qual o fluxo da fala é interrompido. Para melhor compreender esta perturbação não é possível analisá-la como um simples problema de fala. Deve ser vista como uma perturbação da comunicação com potencial para afetar vários aspetos da vida das crianças. Diferentes perspetivas sobre a gaguez podem trazer uma análise mais diversificada e contribuir para o avanço científico nesta área; no entanto, também pode levar a visões fragmentadas e controversas. Apesar de nem sempre haver unanimidade científica entre os diferentes autores, existe um consenso crescente entre os investigadores de que a gaguez é uma perturbação multifatorial. Objetivo: Resumir e analisar pesquisas publicadas anteriormente, considerando a gaguez como uma perturbação dinâmica, influenciada por vários fatores. Materiais e Métodos: Revisão da literatura que se foca no desenvolvimento da gaguez, manifestação e cronicidade em crianças, com idade escolar que gaguejam. A revisão aborda ainda os procedimentos de avaliação e a perceção do impacto da gaguez na vida diária das crianças. Conclusão: Esta visão abrangente contribui para uma melhor compreensão dos fatores terapêuticos e científicos que devem ser considerados na avaliação e intervenção da gaguez

Unveiling teachers' beliefs on visual cognition and learning styles of deaf and hard of hearing students: a Portuguese-Swedish study

Vision is considered a privileged sensory channel for deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) students to learn, and, naturally, they recognize themselves as visual learners. This assumption also seems widespread among schoolteachers, which led us to analyse the intersection between teachers’ beliefs on deaf and hard of hearing students’ academic achievement, visual skills, attentional difficulties, and the perceived importance of image display in class. An online survey was designed to analyse the beliefs of the schoolteachers about the deaf and hard of hearing students learning in educational settings from Portugal and Sweden. Participated 133 teachers, 70 Portuguese and 63 Swedish, from the preschool to the end of mandatory education (ages 3–18) with several years of experience. The content analysis and the computed SPSS statistical significance tests reveal that surveyed teachers believe that deaf and hard of hearing students have better visual skills when compared with their hearing peers yet show divergent beliefs about visual attentional processes. Within the teachers’ perceptions on learning barriers to DHH students, the distractibility and cognitive effort factors were highlighted, among communicational difficulties in class. Conclusions about the prevalence of learning misconceptions in teachers from both countries analysed, corroborate previous studies on neuromyths in education, and bring novelty to Deaf Education field. The work of translation of scientific knowledge, teacher training updating, and partnership between researchers and educators are also urgently needed in special education.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Executive functioning training in typically developing adolescents: data review from the last 10 years

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A methodology to qualitatively select upcycled building materials from urban and industrial waste

The rising concern about climate change and other challenges faced by the planet led society to look for different design solutions and approaches towards a more balanced relationship between the built and natural environment. The circular economy is an effective alternative to the linear economic model inspired by natural metabolisms and the circular use of resources. This research explores how innovative strategies can be integrated for evaluating local urban and industrial wastes into sustainable building materials. A literature review is conducted focusing on circular design strategies, re-use, recycle, and waste transformation processes. Then, a methodology for the selection of upcycled and re-used building materials is developed based on Ashby’s method. A total of thirty-five types of partition walls, which include plastic, wood, paper, steel, aluminium, and agricultural wastes, are evaluated using a multi-criteria decision aid (M-MACBETH). Among these solutions, ten types of walls show high-performance thermal and sound isolation, fourteen types are effective for coating, and two exhibit structural reliability. Regardless of their functional limitations, the proposed solutions based on waste materials bear great potential within the construction industry.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio