Nutrition Education 4.0 to Prevent Overweight and Obesity through Social Media

Introduction: This study was aimed to explore the effectiveness of 2-months online-based nutrition education related to the reduction of obesity and the risk factor of overweight in adulthood aged 17-25 years compared to the control group. The nutrition education was followed by 800 participants which consist of intervention and control groups. The intervention group was given pre-test and post-test each module, on the other hand, control groups only had to join webinar nutrition education. Materials and method: 800 early adulthood participants coming from various regions in Indonesia were invited to join the WhatsApp group to get intervention by modules and webinars on different topics about nutrition. This is a randomized control trial study by giving nutrition education modules to adults. This study targets adult aged 17-25 years using a quasi-experiment design with a pre-post test control group design. The study will be conducted online in 8 urban areas (center) in Indonesia, namely: Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Jember, Medan, Bali, Samarinda, Kupang, Palu City

Stunting among children under two years in Indonesia: Does maternal education matter?

Background Measuring height for age is one of the essential indicators for evaluating children’s growth. The study analyzes the association between maternal education and stunting among children under two years in Indonesia. Methods The study employed secondary data from the 2017 Indonesia Nutritional Status Monitoring Survey. The unit of analysis was children under two years, and the study obtained weighted samples of 70,293 children. Besides maternal education, other independent variables analyzed in this study were residence, maternal age, maternal marital status, maternal employment, children’s age, and gender. In the final stage, the study occupied a multivariate test by binary logistic regression test. Results The results show the proportion of stunted children under two years in Indonesia nationally is 20.1%. Mothers in primary school and under education categories are 1.587 times more likely than mothers with a college education to have stunted children under two years (95% CI 1.576–1.598). Meanwhile, mothers with a junior high school education have a chance of 1.430 times more than mothers with a college education to have stunted children under two years (95% CI 1.420–1.440). Moreover, mothers with education in the senior high school category have 1.230 times more chances than mothers with a college education to have stunted children under two years (95% CI 1.222–1.238). Conclusion The study concluded that the maternal education level was associated with stunting children under two years in Indonesia. The lower the mother’s level of education, the higher the chances of a mother having stunted children under two years

Factors related to the compliance to consuming iron-folic acid in young women in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Weekly Iron Folic Acid supplementation/WIFAS program for adolescent girls is an effective strategy for preventing anemia. However, in Indonesia, only 1,4% adhere to taking WIFAS. This study aimed to discover the factors related to adolescent girls’ adherence to consuming WIFAS in East Kalimantan. The design of this study was cross-sectional, using a purposive sampling technique to find a sample of 825 adolescent girls. The research location was the East Kalimantan Provincial Health Office from November 15 to December 15, 2021. The analytical method uses the Chi-Square test and binary logistic regression test. The results showed that the level of adherence to the consumption of iron folic acid for adolescents girl was 17,6%. The factors related to the adherence of adolescent girls in consuming WIFAS in East Kalimantan were the area of residence (p=0,023), hemoglobin check (р=0,0001), access to information on iron-folic acid (p=0,014), received/purchased iron-folic acid (p=0,000), knowledge (p=0,010) and the use of the Cegah Anemia Remaja Indonesia (CERIA) application (р=0,0001). Based on reg log analysis, factors such as having received/purchased iron WIFAS, Hb checks, knowledge, and use of the CERIA application were associated with adolescent girls’ adherence to WIFAS. In conclusion, adolescent girls with regular WIFAS consumption were easier to get WIFA, check Hb, have good knowledge and use the CERIA application. These findings suggest the need to carry out hemoglobin checks on adolescent girls, increase the availability of WIFAS and socialize the use of the CERIA app

Changes in (poly)phenols intake and metabolic syndrome risk over ten years from adolescence to adulthood

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Total Polyphenol Intake Is Inversely Associated with a Pro/Anti-Inflammatory Biomarker Ratio in European Adolescents of the HELENA Study

BACKGROUND: Although high dietary polyphenol intake is negatively associated with risk of certain inflammation-associated chronic diseases, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood and few studies have explored this in adolescents. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the association between intakes of total polyphenols, polyphenol classes, and the 10 most commonly consumed individual polyphenols with inflammatory biomarkers in the blood of European adolescents. METHODS: In the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) Study, 526 adolescents (54% girls; 12.5-17.5 y) had data on inflammatory biomarkers and polyphenol intake from 2 nonconsecutive 24-h recalls via matching with the Phenol-Explorer database. Inflammatory biomarkers in serum were IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), TNF-α, IFN-γ, soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), white blood cells, lymphocytes, T cells, and C-reactive protein. Multilevel linear models were used to test associations of polyphenol intake with a pro/anti-inflammatory biomarker ratio [(zTNF-α + zIL-6 + zIL-1)/3/zIL-10] as well as with separate inflammatory biomarkers, adjusted for sociodemographic variables, diet inflammation index, BMI z score, and serum triglycerides. RESULTS: The pro/anti-inflammatory biomarker ratio was linearly inversely associated with the intake of total polyphenols (β = -0.11, P = 0.040). When other inflammation biomarkers were considered, the serum IL-10 concentration was inversely associated with total polyphenol (β = -0.12, P = 0.017) and flavonoid (β = -0.12, P = 0.013) intakes, findings that were inconsistent with the biomarker ratio results. However, the anti-inflammatory capacity of polyphenols was confirmed by positive associations of IL-4 with phenolic acid (β = 0.09 P = 0.049) and stilbene (β = 0.13, P = 0.019) intakes and the negative association of IL-1, IL-2, and IFN-γ with lignan intake (β = -0.10, P = 0.034; β = -0.09, P = 0.049; β = -0.11, P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: The negative relation with the overall pro/anti-inflammatory biomarker ratio suggests a potential anti-inflammatory role of high polyphenol intakes among European adolescents. Nevertheless, associations are dependent on polyphenol type and the inflammatory biomarker measured

Nutrition Education 4.0 to Prevent Overweight and Obesity Through Webinar: A Research Protocol

The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia has made changes in the learning system from face-to-face learning to online learning. With these conditions, technology should be utilized by making an innovation to improve the quality of learning. In this regard, innovations that can be done include the implementation of website seminar activities (webinar) in the midst of a pandemic. Webinars are a learning resource that can be widely accessed by students, academics, and the general public. Of course, this webinar activity is very useful to increase knowledge and insight. The prevalence of obesity in Indonesia according to Riskesdas 2018 shows that 13.6% of adults aged >18 years are overweight while 21.8% are obese. One of the challenges in this phase of life is how to influence and encourage young adults to adopt healthy eating behaviors. Therefore, one way that can be done to increase knowledge, attitudes, and behavior toward eating habits is to provide nutrition education through social media. This study aims to increase knowledge, attitudes, and behavior toward the habit of ordering food online, nutrient-dense food and energy-dense food, food safety, physical activity, sugar-sweetened beverage, and intake of energy, protein, fat, and fiber through the platform. Social media is widely used by the target. This is a randomized control trial study by giving nutrition education intervention related to reduction of obesity in adults age 17–25 years. This study targets adults using a quasi-experiment design with a pre- and post-test control group design. The study will be conducted online in Indonesia. A total of 311 adults aged 17–25 years are joining in this research

Estimated dietary intake of polyphenols in European adolescents: the HELENA study

[Purpose]: Knowledge about polyphenols intakes and their determinants among adolescents might be helpful for planning targeted prevention strategies at an early age.[Methods]: In the European multicenter cross-sectional HELENA study of 2006–2007, 2428 subjects (47% boys) had data on dietary intake of polyphenols from 2 non-consecutive 24 h recalls via linking with the Phenol-Explorer database. Differences by sex, age, country, BMI, maternal education, paternal education, family affluence, smoking status, alcohol use, and physical activity were explored by linear regression.[Results]: Median, lower and upper quartiles of polyphenol intakes were 326, 167 and 564 mg/day, respectively. Polyphenol intake was significantly higher in the oldest (16–17.49 years), girls, non-Mediterranean countries, lowest BMI, highest paternal education, and alcohol consumers. Main food contributors were fruit (23%, mainly apple and pear, i.e., 16.3%); chocolate products (19.2%); and fruit and vegetable juices (15.6%). Main polyphenol classes were flavonoids (75–76% of total) and phenolic acids (17–19% of total). The three most consumed polyphenols were proanthocyanidin polymers (> 10 mers), hesperidin, and proanthocyanidin 4–6 oligomers.[Conclusion]: The current study provided for the first time numbers on the total polyphenol intake and their main food sources in a heterogeneous group of European adolescents. Major differences with adult populations are the lower polyphenol consumption and the major food sources, such as chocolate and biscuits. The discussed determinants and polyphenol types already point to some important population groups that need to be targeted in future public health initiatives.The HELENA Study was carried out with the financial support of the European Community Sixth RTD Framework Programme (Contract FOODCT-2005-007034). The writing group takes sole responsibility for the content of this article. The European Community is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. The first author was sponsored as PhD student by Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP, Indonesia).Peer reviewe

Polyphenol intake and metabolic syndrome risk in European adolescents : the HELENA study

Purpose The role of polyphenol intake during adolescence to prevent metabolic syndrome (MetS) is little explored. This study aimed to evaluate the association between intake of total polyphenols, polyphenol classes and the 10 most consumed individual polyphenols with MetS risk in European adolescents. Methods Of the cross-sectional HELENA study, 657 adolescents (54% girls; 14.8% overweight; 12.5-17.5 year) had a fasting blood sample and polyphenol intake data from two non-consecutive 24-h recalls matched with the Phenol-Explorer database. MetS was defined via the pediatric American Heart Association definition. Multilevel linear regressions examined the associations of polyphenol quartiles with MetS components, while logistic regression examined the associations with MetS risk. Results After adjusting for all potential confounders (socio-demographics and nine nutrients), total polyphenol intake, polyphenol classes and individual polyphenols were not associated with MetS risk. From all MetS components, only BMI z-score was modestly inversely associated with total polyphenol intake. Further sub analyses on polyphenol classes revealed that flavonoid intake was significantly associated with higher diastolic blood pressure and lower BMI, and phenolic acid intake was associated with higher low-density cholesterol. For individual polyphenols, the above BMI findings were often confirmed (not independent from dietary intake) and a few associations were found with insulin resistance. Conclusion Higher intakes of total polyphenols and flavonoids were inversely associated with BMI. No consistent associations were found for other MetS components

Total polyphenol intake is inversely associated with a pro/anti-inflammatory biomarker ratio in European adolescents of the HELENA study

Background: Although high dietary polyphenol intake is negatively associated with risk of certain inflammation-associated chronic diseases, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood and few studies have explored this in adolescents. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between intakes of total polyphenols, polyphenol classes, and the 10 most commonly consumed individual polyphenols with inflammatory biomarkers in the blood of European adolescents. Methods: In the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) Study, 526 adolescents (54% girls; 12.5-17.5 y) had data on inflammatory biomarkers and polyphenol intake from 2 nonconsecutive 24-h recalls via matching with the Phenol-Explorer database. Inflammatory biomarkers in serum were IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), white blood cells, lymphocytes, T cells, and C-reactive protein. Multilevel linear models were used to test associations of polyphenol intake with a pro/anti-inflammatory biomarker ratio [(zTNF-alpha zIL-6 zIL-1)/3/zIL-10] as well as with separate inflammatory biomarkers, adjusted for sociodemographic variables, diet inflammation index, BMI z score, and serum triglycerides. Results: The pro/anti-inflammatory biomarker ratio was linearly inversely associated with the intake of total polyphenols (beta = -0.11, P = 0.040). When other inflammation biomarkers were considered, the serum IL-10 concentration was inversely associated with total polyphenol (beta = -0.12, P= 0.017) and flavonoid (beta = -0.12, P= 0.013) intakes, findings that were inconsistent with the biomarker ratio results. However, the anti-inflammatory capacity of polyphenols was confirmed by positive associations of IL-4 with phenolic acid (beta = 0.09 P= 0.049) and stilbene (beta = 0.13, P= 0.019) intakes and the negative association of IL-1, IL-2, and IFN-gamma with lignan intake (beta = -0.10, P = 0.034; beta = -0.09, P = 0.049; beta = -0.11, P = 0.023). Conclusions: The negative relation with the overall pro/anti-inflammatory biomarker ratio suggests a potential anti-inflammatory role of high polyphenol intakes among European adolescents. Nevertheless, associations are dependent on polyphenol type and the inflammatory biomarker measured