Therapeutic Approach to Divorce Proceedings

The concept of fault -the placing of blame on one party- has no place in the therapeutic approach to divorce cases. If we consider the concept of fault in a different sense, namely, misconduct contributing to the disruption of the marital relation, then the concept becomes workable. The marriage counselor\u27s primary function is not to determine which party\u27s misconduct has caused the discord. The therapeutic approach is based on a relational misconduct. That is, it applies when both parties are responsible for the breakup. The aim of the therapeutic approach is not to reward the innocent and punish the guilty. The goal of the marriage counselor in the therapeutic approach is to help the parties work out their problems, the final outcome of reconciliation or divorce being dependent upon the best interests and the happiness of the parties. The marriage counselor is also a Friend of the Court who aids the judge by making available to him the information received in conferences with the parties. It is this information, coming from counselors trained in human relations, that provides the judge with considerations and facts which are outside the case

Favorable outcome of early treatment of new onset child and adolescent migraine-implications for disease modification.

There is evidence that the prevalence of migraine in children and adolescents may be increasing. Current theories of migraine pathophysiology in adults suggest activation of central cortical and brainstem pathways in conjunction with the peripheral trigeminovascular system, which ultimately results in release of neuropeptides, facilitation of central pain pathways, neurogenic inflammation surrounding peripheral vessels, and vasodilatation. Although several risk factors for frequent episodic, chronic, and refractory migraine have been identified, the causes of migraine progression are not known. Migraine pathophysiology has not been fully evaluated in children. In this review, we will first discuss the evidence that early therapeutic interventions in the child or adolescent new onset migraineur, may halt or limit progression and disability. We will then review the evidence suggesting that many adults with chronic or refractory migraine developed their migraine as children or adolescents and may not have been treated adequately with migraine-specific therapy. Finally, we will show that early, appropriate and optimal treatment of migraine during childhood and adolescence may result in disease modification and prevent progression of this disease

A Genome-Wide Association Study of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

dentification of sequence variants robustly associated with predisposition to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has the potential to provide insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of DKD in type 2 diabetes (T2D) using eight complementary dichotomous and quantitative DKD phenotypes: the principal dichotomous analysis involved 5,717 T2D subjects, 3,345 with DKD. Promising association signals were evaluated in up to 26,827 subjects with T2D (12,710 with DKD). A combined T1D+T2D GWAS was performed using complementary data available for subjects with T1D, which, with replication samples, involved up to 40,340 subjects with diabetes (18,582 with DKD). Analysis of specific DKD phenotypes identified a novel signal near GABRR1 (rs9942471, P = 4.5 x 10(-8)) associated with microalbuminuria in European T2D case subjects. However, no replication of this signal was observed in Asian subjects with T2D or in the equivalent T1D analysis. There was only limited support, in this substantially enlarged analysis, for association at previously reported DKD signals, except for those at UMOD and PRKAG2, both associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate. We conclude that, despite challenges in addressing phenotypic heterogeneity, access to increased sample sizes will continue to provide more robust inference regarding risk variant discovery for DKD.Peer reviewe

Nuremberg and Vietnam: An American Tragedy, by Telford Taylor

Telford Taylor, brilliant lawyer, scholar, chief war crimes prosecutor, even musician, but especially citizen, has written an important book about the law of war crimes and its relevance to Vietnam. In Nuremberg and Vietnam Taylor discusses in crisp but fervent style the history of the distinction between just and unjust wars as well as the generally accepted meanings of war crimes prior to the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials. He appears to define war crimes as those acts which are contrary to international law, e.g. treaties, or are in violation of either the military or civilian law of the perpetrator\u27s own nation. Taylor\u27s scholarly honesty shows through in the book, and his civic love for his country manifests itself in his analysis and the book\u27s dedication To the Flag and The Liberty and Justice For Which It Stantls

Therapeutic Approach to Divorce Proceedings

The concept of fault -the placing of blame on one party- has no place in the therapeutic approach to divorce cases. If we consider the concept of fault in a different sense, namely, misconduct contributing to the disruption of the marital relation, then the concept becomes workable. The marriage counselor\u27s primary function is not to determine which party\u27s misconduct has caused the discord. The therapeutic approach is based on a relational misconduct. That is, it applies when both parties are responsible for the breakup. The aim of the therapeutic approach is not to reward the innocent and punish the guilty. The goal of the marriage counselor in the therapeutic approach is to help the parties work out their problems, the final outcome of reconciliation or divorce being dependent upon the best interests and the happiness of the parties. The marriage counselor is also a Friend of the Court who aids the judge by making available to him the information received in conferences with the parties. It is this information, coming from counselors trained in human relations, that provides the judge with considerations and facts which are outside the case