Evaluation of spontaneous retinal venous pulsation in primary open-angle and primary angle-closure glaucoma patients

Introduction: Spontaneous retinal venous pulsation (SRVP) is a rhythmic variation in the calibre of one or more retinal veins. The incidence of SRVP was reduced in glaucoma patients. It was also reduced in people with raised intracranial pressure compared to a healthy population. Purpose: The main objective was to report the frequency and rate of SRVP in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) patients and to associate these with the severity of glaucoma in Malay patients. Design of study: A comparative cross-sectional study. Materials and methods: A comparative cross-sectional study involving primary glaucoma patients attending the eye clinic at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan, Malaysia, was performed between December 2015 and June 2017. The main outcomes measured were the presence and rate of SRVP using a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (Spectralis High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography, Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany). In the presence of SRVP, the rate of SRVP in one minute was counted manually based on the real-time fundus movie recorded using the confocal scanning laser ophthal-moscope

Biology of Macrolophus caliginosus (Heteroptera: Miridae) predator of Trialeurodes vaporium (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

Macrolophus caliginosus Wagner (Heteroptera: Miridae) is a highly polyphagous predatory bug, which has proven to be effective in controlling many insect pests of greenhouse vegetables (eggplant, tomato, and cucumber) especially whiteflies, aphids, and thrip. It is mainly used as a biological control auxiliary against T. vaporariorum Westwood (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). The greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum is particularly harmful to tomato plants grown under the greenhouse. It has become prevalent whenever crops are frequently sprayed with insecticides. Biological control is becoming important for controlling this insect pest. A mirid bug management programme has been developed for an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in tomato. The objective of the programme was to keep the predator population densities high enough in order to maintain T. vaporariorum and other insect pest populations below the economic threshold. In this study, it was very important to determine the biology of predator in term of its life cycle, behaviour at different stages, fecundity, longevity and searching abilities, in order to provide detail data for formulating the means of control against whitefly. Results of this study indicated that Macrolophus caliginosus adults fed on whitefly larvae of all stages from the first larval stage to the pupal stage. The predator consumed the preys at almost similar daily rates (average of 5.94 per day). The study implies that M. caliginosus, with its life cycle, predation, longevity and fecundity and host preference, is a beneficial insect to combat against whitefly

Conceptual viewpoint on the needs for creating green human resource management practices awareness of hotel industry in Nigeria; issues and challenges

Green practices have in recent years created much attention from academia and practitioners in every part of the world. However, an extensive analysis of green or environmental HRM has not been made so far. To close this gap, the present study provides a thorough literature review that was neglected by researchers in management in the hotel sector in Nigeria and therefore less researched. The purpose of this narrative review paper is to create awareness on the effect of Green practices and Green Human Resource Management strategies with respect to Nigeria Hotels. In addition, the government should adopt policies to encourage the above activities because improving organizational quality will be a positive long-term reflection of the economy. All of these can be achieved through the productive organizational and national human resource development program

Dimensions of Masjid architecture: perspectives and writings in theory and design

The book is a culmination of writings from selected practitioners and academics initiated from the elective course of AAR 4033 Masjid Architecture for the Bachelor of Architecture programme in the International Islamic University Malaysia in 2008. The book covers both the theory and design of Masjid Architecture providing perspectives in discussive writings of concepts and approach; evaluation of designs through spatial, tectonic, details and environment; experimentation with construction; and reflective inference to the Quran and Sunnah on the purpose of its establishment. Selected authors are experts in the industry and the academia. The book intend to bridge the gap between theory and design of Masjid least discuss and bring another dimension in reliving the spirit manifested in the establishment of masjid appropriate for the House of Allah

Evaluating the growth and development of black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens (L.) (DIPTERA: STRATIOMYIDAE) larvae reared on different agricultural waste materials

The black soldier fly (BSL), Hermetia illucens (L.), is a beneficial insect that helps manage high concentrations of animal manure and other biosolids in tropical and warm-temperate areas. Bioremediation with black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) can turn biosolids into high-value biomass (proteins, oils, lipids, and chitin). This study explored the effects of three agricultural wastes as feedstocks for the growth and development of BSFL. A total of 1000 7-day-old BSFLs were reared separately in containers containing either palm kernel extract (PKE), soybean waste (SW), or coconut milk waste (CMW). The effect of feeding substrate on larval growth and development was determined for ten days by daily measurements of the BSFL’s length and weight. BSFL reared on PKE substrate resulted in the highest mean length (22.67±2.31 mm) and weight growth (0.27±0.02 g), followed by BSFL reared on SW (length: 18.67±1.53 mm; weight: 0.20±0.02 g) and CMW (length: 18.33±0.58mm; weight: 0.15±0.01 g). Bioconversion rate of BSFL was also found to differ across treatments; BSFL reared on PKE grows and converts substrates twice as fast as those fed on SW or CMW. This work then examines the effects of several SW:PKE ratios (20:80; 80:20; 30:70; 70:30 and 50:50) on BSFL growth. The weight (0.28±0.04 g) and length (22.67±2.52 mm) of BSFL were highest when SW:PKE ratio of 80:20 is used. High content of SW resulted in a significant increase in BSFL length (6.76%-15.25%) and weight (23.54%-64.71%). Therefore, it can be concluded that substrate feed type has a substantial effect on BSFL’s growth and development