FIRM DETERMINANTS IN NEW PRODUCT INTRODUCTION: A STUDY THROUGH SURVIVAL ANALYSIS

The literature has broadly discussed the advantages obtained by pioneer firms under the concept of “first mover advantages”. However, less attention has been paid to the study of the factors that determine entry timing. The present paper analyzes the firm’s determinants in the introduction of a product innovation. The results obtained for the Cox regression in the case of the Italian ceramic tiles industry show that technological resources and firm size have a positive and significant influence on the likelihood of the innovation being introduced, while other factors, i.e. financial and marketing resources, have no influence on the adoption of the innovation.survival analysis, determinants of entry timing, resources, first mover advantages.

Chemistry in twodimensional world

Treball Final de Grau en Enginyeria Química. Codi: QU0943. Curs 2016-2017Ever since the discovery of graphene in 2004 (Novoselov, 2004), there has been increasing interest in 2D materials owing to their distinct electronic, photonic and mechanical properties. So far, graphene is still the most known 2D material. However, it faces some limitations for this use in applications which include a band gap, for example. This has triggered research on other 2D materials. Some 500 2D materials are already expected to be found

Enantioselective synthesis of tungsten trimetallic cluster chalcogenides

Excision of {W3Q7Br4}n (Q = S, Se) of polymeric phases using chiral diphosphines is a general procedure to synthesize optically pure trinuclear clusters. Chiral transfer from the enantiomerically pure diphosphines (+)-1,2-bis[2,5-(dimethylphospholan-1-yl)]ethane, (R,R)-Me-BPE, (−)-1,2-bis[2,5-(dimethylphospholan-1-yl)]ethane, (S,S)-Me-BPE, and (−)-1,2-bis[2,5-(dimethylphospholan-1-yl)]benzene, (R,R)-DUPHOS, to the inorganic phase affords enantiopure P-[W3S4Br3((R,R)-Me-BPE)3]+, M-[W3S4Br3((S,S)-Me-BPE)3]+ (M-1+), P-[W3Se4Br3((R,R)-Me-BPE)3]+ (P-2+) and P-[W3S4Br3((R,R)-DUPHOS)3]+ (P-3+) clusters. The central W3(μ3-Q)(μ-Q) unit defines an incomplete cuboidal core with the capping chalcogen lying on a threefold axis and an effective C3 symmetry. Symbols P- and M- are used to indicate the rotation of the bromine atoms around the C3 axis, with the chalcogen atom pointing towards the viewer. Invariably, P-W3Q4 complexes are obtained starting from (R,R)-diphosphines, while its M-W3Q4 enantiomer is isolated in the presence of (S,S)-diphosphines. All complexes have been structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and their enantiomeric character confirmed by CD spectroscopy.The financial support of the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Grants CTQ2011-23157), Universitat Jaume I (research project P1.1B2013-19) and Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo/2009/053 and ACOMP/2013/215) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank the Serveis Central d’Instrumentació Cientifica (SCIC) of the Universitat Jaume I for providing us with the mass spectrometry, NMR, circular dichroism and X-ray facilities

Nature and Control of Shakeup Processes in Colloidal Nanoplatelets

Recent experiments suggest that the photoluminescence line width of CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) and core/shell CdSe/CdS NPLs may be broadened by the presence of shakeup (SU) lines from negatively charged trions. We carry out a theoretical analysis, based on effective mass and configuration interaction (CI) simulations, to identify the physical conditions that enable such processes. We confirm that trions in colloidal NPLs are susceptible of presenting SU lines up to 1 order of magnitude stronger than in epitaxial quantum wells, stimulated by dielectric confinement. For these processes to take place, trions must be weakly bound to off-centered charge traps, which relax symmetry selection rules. Charges on the lateral sidewalls are particularly efficient to this end. Our simulations display a single strong SU replica in most instances, which agrees well with experiments on CdSe NPLs, but suggests that the multipeaked emission reported for core/shell CdSe/CdS NPLs must involve other factors beyond SU processes. We propose emission from a metastable spin triplet trion state may be responsible. Understanding the origin of SU processes may open paths to rational design of NPLs with narrower line width

Univariate Versus Multivariate Modeling of Panel Data: Model Specification and Goodness-of-Fit Testing

Two approaches are commonly in use for analyzing panel data: the univariate, which arranges data in long format and estimates just one regression equation; and the multivariate, which arranges data in wide format, and simultaneously estimates a set of regression equations. Although technical articles relating the two approaches exist, they do not seem to have had an impact in organizational research. This article revisits the connection between the univariate and multivariate approaches, elucidating conditions under which they yield the same—or similar—results, and discusses their complementariness. The article is addressed to applied researchers. For those familiar only with the univariate approach, it contributes with conceptual simplicity on goodness-of-fit testing and a variety of tests for misspecification (Hausman test, heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, etc.), and simplifies expanding the model to time-varying parameters, dynamics, measurement error, and so on. For all practitioners, the comparative and side-by-side analyses of the two approaches on two data sets— demonstration data and empirical data with missing values—contributes to broadening their perspective of panel data modeling and expanding their tools for analyses. Both univariate and multivariate analyses are performed in Stata and R

Electrospray Ionization Based Methods for the Generation of Polynuclear Oxo- and Hydroxo Group 6 Anions in the Gas-Phase

Electrospray ionization (ESI) of the Lindqvist (n-Bu4N)2[M6O19] (M = Mo, W) polioxometalates provides a straightforward entry for the generation of an assortment of oxo- and hydroxo anions in the gas-phase. In particular, the series of oxo dianions of general formula [(MO3)nO]2- (n = 2-6; M = Mo, W), monoanions, namely [(MO3)nO]- (n = 1, 2) and [(MO3)n]- (n = 1, 2), and the hydroxo [(MO3)n(OH)]- (n = 1-6) species can be readily generated in the gas-phase upon varying the solvent composition as well as the ionisation conditions (typically the Uc cone voltage). Complementary tandem mass experiments (collision induced dissociation and ion-molecule reactions) are also used aimed to investigate the consecutive dissociation of these species and their intrinsic gas-phase reactivity towards methanol. Special emphasis is paid to some of the key factors of these group 6 anions related to the gas-phase activation of methanol, such as molecular composition, open vs closed shell electronic nature and cluster siz

Synthesis and structure of methoxo-terminated molybdenum and tungsten M3S4 clusters containing aminophosphine ligands

Trinuclear [M3S4(OCH3)3](edpp)3] + complexes, 1+ (M = Mo) and 2+ (M = W) bearing (2-aminoethyl) diphenylphosphine (edpp), have been isolated and fully characterized. Molybdenum and tungsten halide precursors react with methanol in the presence of Et3N, to yield the respective methoxo-terminated clusters. The crystal structures of complexes 1+ and 2+ confirm that methoxo ligands are coordinated to the metal centers. Gas-phase dissociation of the novel methoxo cluster cations using ESI tandem mass spectrometry reveals the sequential elimination of three neutral methanol molecules under collision induced dissociation (CID) conditions to form metal/imino M = NH cluster specie

Coordination Modes of Aminodiphosphane Ligands to the Cuboidal Mo3S4 Cluster Unit

[EN] Molecular molybdenum cluster sulphides are an unexpensive alternative to noble metal based homogenous catalysts. In this paper, we present the synthesis of the first PNP Mo3S4 derivative as well as the crystal structure of the isomer which contains the ligand bound in a bidentate fashion. The potential of this new complex as precursor for heterobimetallic systems is also analyzed.Our results indicated that Mo3S4 cluster cores can be functionalized with aminodiphosphine groups acting as bidentate or tridentate ligands.The financial support of the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Grant CTQ2015-65207), Universitat Jaume I (Research Project P1·1B2013-19) and Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo/2014/022) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank the Servei Central d Instrumentació Científica (SCIC) of the University Jaume I for providing us with the mass spectrometry, NMR, elemental analysis and X-ray facilities. C.A. thanks the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad for a predoctoral fellowship (FPI).Alfonso, C.; Feliz Rodriguez, M.; Llusar, R. (2017). Coordination Modes of Aminodiphosphane Ligands to the Cuboidal Mo3S4 Cluster Unit. Current Inorganic Chemistry. 7(2):106-110. https://doi.org/10.2174/1877944107666171025162409S1061107

External knowledge search for innovation: the role of firms' innovation strategy and industry context

Purpose – This paper aims to analyze the extent to which the influence of external knowledge search on innovation performance is contingent on both a firm’s innovation strategy and the industry context in which it operates. Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts a contingent approach that centers analysis on the influence of situational factors, either exogenous or endogenous to the organization, as determinants of the external knowledge search in promoting the firm’s innovation performance. The empirical study is based on a large sample of 18,955 firms operating in 29 industries that belong to 13 European countries. Findings – This analysis reveals that a broad knowledge search is more effective for firms that innovate in new goods, while a deeper knowledge search is more effective for firms that innovate in new services. The results of this study also indicate that external knowledge search varies across industries, with search depth being used more in industries in which the knowledge development process is cumulative and appropriable, while the external breadth search is preferred in industries with a high level of technological opportunity. Originality/value – The current approach implies recognizing that the knowledge search strategies may not always be effective, and that firms should align the search strategy to both internal and external factors. Analyzing the influence of these factors can help managers to better choose the type of knowledge search (e.g. intensive or extensive search) that best aligns with the firm’s innovation objectives