Trabajando cooperativamente con la tabla periódica: elementos, compuestos y mezclas

Treball final de Màster Universitari en Professor/a d'Educació Secundària Obligatòria i Batxillerat, Formació Professional i Ensenyaments d'Idiomes. Codi: SAP119. Curs acadèmic 2014-2015Este presente Trabajo Final de Máster (TFM) entra dentro de la modalidad de materiales didácticos en la normativa de la Universidad Jaime I. Los materiales propuestos se enmarcan en el bloque 3 del currículum del tercer curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) para la asignatura de Física y Química. Estos materiales didácticos pretenden contribuir a desarrollar significativamente conceptos básicos de química, como son los asociados a la tabla periódica de los elementos. Siendo éste un tema prácticamente nuevo para los alumnos de 3º de ESO, con gran cantidad de información, y resultando para los estudiantes, de una notable dificultad y exigencia académica. Por ello, se propone una serie de metodologías con planteamientos de aprendizaje cooperativo, incorporando la Flipped classroom y el Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP), realizando diferentes actividades de forma creativa para motivar a los alumnos. Con esto se pretende crear un mayor interés y consolidar algunos buenos hábitos a la vez que potenciar un clima de clase efectivo para la adquisición y desarrollo de las competencias básicas. Por un lado, se incluyen materiales didácticos mediante el uso del aprendizaje por descubrimiento, donde los alumnos realizan proyectos por medio de búsqueda de información para conseguir una madurez y autonomía personal en la elaboración de los mismos, por el otro, hay actividades experimentales con diferentes prácticas de laboratorio, realización de murales, mapas conceptuales, etc. Además, se presentan actividades de ampliación y refuerzo teniendo en cuenta la diversidad y adaptando cada actividad a las necesidades de cada alumno. En la mayoría de actividades se fomenta el uso de las técnicas de la información y la comunicación (TIC), herramienta que mejora y facilita el aprendizaje, aumentando la atención y motivación de los estudiantes. Se utilizan ordenadores, pizarra digital interactiva, juegos virtuales, vídeos, un diario de la asignatura en una plataforma virtual para que los estudiantes suban sus trabajos y escriban comentarios acerca de las actividades realizadas, etc. Con la gran variedad de materiales didácticos que incluye este trabajo, el docente que vaya a impartir la unidad de la tabla periódica: elementos, compuestos y mezclas será capaz de tener donde elegir qué actividad desea realizar con sus alumnos. Estos materiales permitirán fijar de manera eficaz y duradera los conceptos químicos básicos captando la atención de los estudiantes. Finalmente, estos materiales didácticos incluyen unos criterios de evaluación, que deberán llevarse a cabo por el docente correspondiente en el momento de su implantación en el aula incluyendo una evaluación entre iguales donde son los propios alumnos los que evalúan el proyecto de sus compañeros mediante una rúbrica, y una autoevaluación donde los alumnos tienen en cuenta todo el proceso y evolución de su aprendizaje

FORT: una herramienta de regresión borrosa

El uso de las técnicas de regresión sobre las observaciones experimentales ha permitido el estudio de numerosos fenómenos en diversos campos de la ciencia, y muy especialmente en las ciencias sociales. Dichas técnicas requieren de un número suficiente de observaciones “precisas”, exactas y fiables. Sin embargo, no siempre es posible obtener el conjunto de observaciones necesario, o éstas contienen algún tipo de imperfección en los datos, debido a la imprecisión o vaguedad de los mismos. En cualquier caso, con suficientes datos o no, con imperfecciones o no, los modelos obtenidos deberían proveer de capacidades predictivas y descriptivas [JCr02]. Las actuales herramientas, o las más fácilmente accesibles, tienen limitado el uso de modelos y difícilmente usan las técnicas de la teoría de conjuntos borrosos. Se propone en este trabajo una herramienta abierta de regresión que admita el uso de cualquier modelo de curva independientemente de su naturaleza. Además, esta herramienta permitirá el uso de diferentes formas de borrosidad y por su diseño permitiría cualquier modelo propuesto por el usuario si éste prevee que éstos tienen características que sean suficientemente predictivas y descriptivas. Esta primera aproximación de una herramienta abierta de regresión se realiza un estudio sobre diferentes modelos paramétricos simbólicos, usados comúnmente en la práctica en disciplinas tan heterogéneas como pueden ser la Ingeniería del Software, la Economía o en cualquier campo en donde puedan aparecer imprecisiones en la información. [ABSTRACT] The use of regression techniques in experimental observations has led to the study of numerous phenomena in various fields of science, especially in social science. These techniques require a sufficient number of “precise”, exact and reliable observations. However, it is not always possible to obtain all the necessary group of observations or these have some failings, as a result of inexact or vague data. Nevertheless, having more or less data, with or without failings, the obtained paradigms should provide predictive and descriptive capacities. The current tools or those more accessible have limited paradigm application and hardly use the techniques relating the fuzzy sets theory. In this first approach to an open regression tool, a study has been carried out of the different parametric, symbolic paradigms, commonly used in the practice of such diverse disciplines as Software Engineering, Economy or any other field where information imprecision can appear

Development and psychometric properties of a self-report instrument for the assessment of sexual behaviour and concerns of people with mild intellectual disabilities (SEBECOMID-S)

Background: This paper presents a description of the development and psychometric properties of a self-report instrument for the assessment of sexual behaviour and concerns of people with mild intellectual disabilities (SEBECOMID-S). Methods and procedures: The study included 281 people with mild intellectual disabilities. The psychometric properties were examined through exploratory factorial analysis, descriptive statistics, and reliability indices. Results: The exploratory factor analyses offered a structure with three factors: concern about the appropriateness of their sexual behaviour, sexual practices performed, and safe sex practices. The model presents an excellent fit (χ2 /df = 1.10, RMSEA = 0.019, CFI = 0.997, TLI = 0.995, and SRMR = 0.065). General test reliability was good (α = 0.77, Ω = 0.76). Conclusions: SEBECOMID-S is a valid and reliable tool to obtain objective information about the sexual behaviour and concerns of people with mild intellectual disabilities. The use of this instrument will make it possible to adjust their training to their real experiences, making it more effective.Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Jaume

On the holobiont ‘predictome’ of immunocompetence in pigs

Background Gut microbial composition plays an important role in numerous traits, including immune response. Integration of host genomic information with microbiome data is a natural step in the prediction of complex traits, although methods to optimize this are still largely unexplored. In this paper, we assess the impact of different modelling strategies on the predictive capacity for six porcine immunocompetence traits when both genotype and microbiota data are available. Methods We used phenotypic data on six immunity traits and the relative abundance of gut bacterial communities on 400 Duroc pigs that were genotyped for 70 k SNPs. We compared the predictive accuracy, defined as the correlation between predicted and observed phenotypes, of a wide catalogue of models: reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS), Bayes C, and an ensemble method, using a range of priors and microbial clustering strategies. Combined (holobiont) models that include both genotype and microbiome data were compared with partial models that use one source of variation only. Results Overall, holobiont models performed better than partial models. Host genotype was especially relevant for predicting adaptive immunity traits (i.e., concentration of immunoglobulins M and G), whereas microbial composition was important for predicting innate immunity traits (i.e., concentration of haptoglobin and C-reactive protein and lymphocyte phagocytic capacity). None of the models was uniformly best across all traits. We observed a greater variability in predictive accuracies across models when microbiability (the variance explained by the microbiome) was high. Clustering microbial abundances did not necessarily increase predictive accuracy. Conclusions Gut microbiota information is useful for predicting immunocompetence traits, especially those related to innate immunity. Modelling microbiome abundances deserves special attention when microbiability is high. Clustering microbial data for prediction is not recommended by default.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

On the holobiont 'predictome' of immunocompetence in pigs

Gut microbial composition plays an important role in numerous traits, including immune response. Integration of host genomic information with microbiome data is a natural step in the prediction of complex traits, although methods to optimize this are still largely unexplored. In this paper, we assess the impact of different modelling strategies on the predictive capacity for six porcine immunocompetence traits when both genotype and microbiota data are available. We used phenotypic data on six immunity traits and the relative abundance of gut bacterial communities on 400 Duroc pigs that were genotyped for 70 k SNPs. We compared the predictive accuracy, defined as the correlation between predicted and observed phenotypes, of a wide catalogue of models: reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS), Bayes C, and an ensemble method, using a range of priors and microbial clustering strategies. Combined (holobiont) models that include both genotype and microbiome data were compared with partial models that use one source of variation only. Overall, holobiont models performed better than partial models. Host genotype was especially relevant for predicting adaptive immunity traits (i.e., concentration of immunoglobulins M and G), whereas microbial composition was important for predicting innate immunity traits (i.e., concentration of haptoglobin and C-reactive protein and lymphocyte phagocytic capacity). None of the models was uniformly best across all traits. We observed a greater variability in predictive accuracies across models when microbiability (the variance explained by the microbiome) was high. Clustering microbial abundances did not necessarily increase predictive accuracy. Gut microbiota information is useful for predicting immunocompetence traits, especially those related to innate immunity. Modelling microbiome abundances deserves special attention when microbiability is high. Clustering microbial data for prediction is not recommended by default. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12711-023-00803-4

Sexual orientation in older people: categories, desires and realities

La diversidad sexual tiende a considerarse una cuestión que afecta principalmente a personas jóvenes por lo que los estudios centrados en la vivencia de una orientación sexual minoritaria en personas mayores son muy escasos. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar el grado de coincidencia entre la orientación sexual autodefinida, el objeto de deseo y las personas con las que se han tenido relaciones sexuales. En este estudio han participado 244 personas (47,5% hombres y 52,5% mujeres) de entre 55 y 80 años, pertenecientes a distintos grupos de nivel socioeconómico, grado académico y situación laboral. Todas ellas han cumplimentado un cuestionario sobre orientación sexual y aspectos como religión o actividad sexual. Los resultados muestran que el 13% de los mayores (8,6% hombres, 16,4% mujeres) no se sienten atraídos exclusivamente por el sexo opuesto, y el 6% reconoce haber mantenido prácticas homoeróticas (3,5% hombres y 7,9% mujeres). En los hombres la coincidencia entre autodefinición y objeto de deseo es mayor que en las mujeres. Se discute la necesidad de realizar futuros estudios cualitativos que posibiliten conocer qué variables, relacionadas con la historia sexual y la trayectoria vital de las personas, influyen en la exploración y/o aceptación de opciones sexuales no mayoritarias.Sexual diversity tends to be considered as an issue that mainly affects young people, so studies focusing on the experience of a minority sexual orientation in older people are very scarce. The aim of this study was to analyse the degree of coincidence between the self-defined sexual orientation, the object of desire and the people with whom one has had sexual relations. A total of 244 people (47.5% men and 52.5% women) between the ages of 55 and 80 participated in this study, belonging to different groups of socioeconomic level, academic degree and employment situation. All of them completed a questionnaire on sexual orientation and aspects such as religion or sexual activity. The results show that 13 per cent of older people (8.6 per cent men, 16.4 per cent women) are not attracted exclusively to the opposite sex, and 6 per cent acknowledge having maintained homoerotic practices (3.5 per cent men, 7.9 per cent women). In men the coincidence between self-definition and object of desire is greater than in women. It discusses the need for future qualitative studies that make it possible to know which variables, related to the sexual history and life trajectory of individuals, influence the exploration and/or acceptance of non-majority sexual option

Evaluation of protective effect of different dietary fibers on polyphenolic profile stability of maqui berry (Aristotelia chilensis (Molina) Stuntz) during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion

The aim of this work was to determine the protective effect of different dietary fibers on (i) the recovery and bioaccessibility indexes, and (ii) the stability of polyphenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids and anthocyanins) of maqui berry powder subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (GID). The extracts obtained in each phase (oral, gastric and intestinal) of GID were used to analyze the stability of polyphenolic compounds by HPLC, and the bioaccessibility of these compounds was also determined. At the end of the GID process, the mixture of maqui berry with the different fibers increased the bioaccessibility index of the phenolic and flavonoid compounds in all cases. The results obtained suggest that the anthocyanins and phenolic acids and flavonoid compounds present in maqui are stabilized through dietary fiber interactions, which might provide sufficient levels for absorption during gastrointestinal digestion. The gums sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum and guar gum provided the best protective effect

Integrating genome-wide co-association and gene expression to identify putative regulators and predictors of feed efficiency in pigs

International audienceAbstractBackgroundFeed efficiency (FE) has a major impact on the economic sustainability of pig production. We used a systems-based approach that integrates single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) co-association and gene-expression data to identify candidate genes, biological pathways, and potential predictors of FE in a Duroc pig population.ResultsWe applied an association weight matrix (AWM) approach to analyse the results from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for nine FE associated and production traits using 31K SNPs by defining residual feed intake (RFI) as the target phenotype. The resulting co-association network was formed by 829 SNPs. Additive effects of this SNP panel explained 61% of the phenotypic variance of RFI, and the resulting phenotype prediction accuracy estimated by cross-validation was 0.65 (vs. 0.20 using pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction and 0.12 using the 31K SNPs). Sixty-eight transcription factor (TF) genes were identified in the co-association network; based on the lossless approach, the putative main regulators were COPS5, GTF2H5, RUNX1, HDAC4, ESR1, USP16, SMARCA2 and GTF2F2. Furthermore, gene expression data of the gluteus medius muscle was explored through differential expression and multivariate analyses. A list of candidate genes showing functional and/or structural associations with FE was elaborated based on results from both AWM and gene expression analyses, and included the aforementioned TF genes and other ones that have key roles in metabolism, e.g. ESRRG, RXRG, PPARGC1A, TCF7L2, LHX4, MAML2, NFATC3, NFKBIZ, TCEA1, CDCA7L, LZTFL1 or CBFB. The most enriched biological pathways in this list were associated with behaviour, immunity, nervous system, and neurotransmitters, including melatonin, glutamate receptor, and gustation pathways. Finally, an expression GWAS allowed identifying 269 SNPs associated with the candidate genes’ expression (eSNPs). Addition of these eSNPs to the AWM panel of 829 SNPs did not improve the accuracy of genomic predictions.ConclusionsCandidate genes that have a direct or indirect effect on FE-related traits belong to various biological processes that are mainly related to immunity, behaviour, energy metabolism, and the nervous system. The pituitary gland, hypothalamus and thyroid axis, and estrogen signalling play fundamental roles in the regulation of FE in pigs. The 829 selected SNPs explained 61% of the phenotypic variance of RFI, which constitutes a promising perspective for applying genetic selection on FE relying on molecular-based prediction