Meninos não choram? : a contrução da masculinidade nas aulas de educação física

Orientador: Dra. Maria Regina Ferreira da CostaMonografia (licenciatura) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Biológicas. Curso de Educação Físic

Evaluation of Muscle Damage, Body Temperature, Peak Torque and Fatigue Index in Three Different Methods of Strength Gain

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(3): 1352-1365, 2020. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare three different strength training protocols for the lower limbs by using biochemical indicators of muscle damage, thermographic analysis, and neuromuscular performance. In total, 10 men (age: 22.50 ± 2.84 years; weight, 75.45 ± 6.86 kg) completed the study. All the athletes were subjected to three methods of resistance training (RT): traditional, tension, and occlusion training. Serum concentrations of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were used as indicators of muscle damage. To measure muscle strength, the peak force, and fatigue index were determined using a Kratos load cell. Images were captured using an infrared camera (FLIR T640sc). The vascular occlusion method demonstrated a 33% reduction in post-training peak torque (p \u3c 0.001; ɳ2p: 2.74), which was recovered within 24 h (p \u3c 0.001; ɳ2p: 1.08). The thermographic analysis revealed a reduction in skin temperature in both thighs after the tension (−9.37%) and vascular occlusion (−6.01%) methods. In conclusion, the occlusion training seems to provide additional benefits as compared to the other two methods of strength training

Análisis Sedimentológico y geomorfológico de áreas lacustres en la Península Fildes, Isla Rey Jorge, Antártica Marítima

Geomorphological features and sedimentary characteristics are analized from five sets of shallow sediment cores collected in lakes in the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island. The geomorphology of the area was observed and sediments samples were obtained at field activities during the XXXI Brazilian Antarctic Operation (March-April/2013). Biogeochemical characteristics, physical parameters, mineralogical composition, particle size distribution, macroscopic characteristics of the sediments and satellite images were analized. Preliminary results indicate climatic and environmental changes in north-south transect of the peninsula. The mineralogical composition is associated with geological structure of the area, where basaltic rocks predominate. The particle size variation reflects different sediment source environments. Macroscopic analysis and mineralogical composition variation reflect the action of weathering along the peninsula. The sediments also have potential mineralization and subsequent release of greenhouse gases. A preliminary map of the classification of the lakes is presented. In addition, it was identified that wetland sediment presents methane production rates (CH4) about 40 times larger and more sensitive to the effect of global warming compared to lake sediment. Subpolar aquatic ecosystems sediments from Maritime Antarctica can be a preferential site for the effects of climate variability

Green polyurethane synthesis by emulsion technique : a magnetic composite for oil spill removal

After the consolidation of the Brazilian biodiesel industry, issues related to the final destination of the glycerin, the by-product from the biodiesel industrial process, drawing the attention of several researchers. There are several uses to this byproduct. Among them, the obtaining of polymers, such as polyurethane (PU), are very encouraged since the glycerin ca be used, as well as the castor oil, in the replacement of petrochemical polyols. The aim of this work was to propose a new route for the obtainment of a petroleum sorbent based on polyurethane resin from glycerin and castor oil, through the emulsion technique. In addition, maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) was mixed to the polymer matrix, producing a magnetic composite, able to make easier the oil cleanup process. The products synthesized were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, simultaneous Thermogravimetry (TGA) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Optical microscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, magnetic force and oil removal capability tests were also performed. The magnetic material was used to remove oil from water, exhibited a good oil removal capability. In a typical test, 1g of the composite containing 5wt% of maghemite was able to remove 10g of oil from water

The impact of enriched environments on cerebral oxidative balance in rodents: a systematic review of environmental variability effects

IntroductionThe present review aimed to systematically summarize the impacts of environmental enrichment (EE) on cerebral oxidative balance in rodents exposed to normal and unfavorable environmental conditions.MethodsIn this systematic review, four databases were used: PubMed (830 articles), Scopus (126 articles), Embase (127 articles), and Science Direct (794 articles). Eligibility criteria were applied based on the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study (PICOS) strategy to reduce the risk of bias. The searches were carried out by two independent researchers; in case of disagreement, a third participant was requested. After the selection and inclusion of articles, data related to sample characteristics and the EE protocol (time of exposure to EE, number of animals, and size of the environment) were extracted, as well as data related to brain tissues and biomarkers of oxidative balance, including carbonyls, malondialdehyde, nitrotyrosine, oxygen-reactive species, and glutathione (reduced/oxidized).ResultsA total of 1,877 articles were found in the four databases, of which 16 studies were included in this systematic review. The results showed that different EE protocols were able to produce a global increase in antioxidant capacity, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic, which are the main factors for the neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system (CNS) subjected to unfavorable conditions. Furthermore, it was possible to notice a slowdown in neural dysfunction associated with oxidative damage, especially in the prefrontal structure in mice.DiscussionIn conclusion, EE protocols were determined to be valid tools for improving oxidative balance in the CNS. The global decrease in oxidative stress biomarkers indicates refinement in reactive oxygen species detoxification, triggering an improvement in the antioxidant network

Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Contínua sobre força de membros inferiores e desempenho na corrida de 5.000m: um estudo experimental

Introdução: A estimulação transcraniana de corrente contínua (ETCC) na função cerebral é descrita com indicativos de que influencie na excitabilidade cortical do indivíduo, induzindo alterações positivas nas áreas cognitivas e motoras. Assim a ETCC poderia ser identificada como recurso ergogênicos no meio esportivo, na busca por melhores resultados. Objetivo: Explorar o efeito agudo da ETCC aplicado em corredores de 5.000m. Métodos: Estudo experimental, controlado por Sham (efeito placebo), cego, em atletas de corrida de 5.000m, do sexo masculino, com idades de 18 a 32 anos. Dezoito atletas foram randomizados nos grupos Anodal (n=9, 29±7 anos, 63±8kg) e Sham (n=9, 25±4 anos, 67±12 Kg). Foram avaliados tempo total da corrida (t) e o torque de pico (Pt) em um momento pré e pós-estimulação. Resultados: O tempo de corrida, velocidade do grupo Anodal foi menor em comparação com o grupo Sham (p=0,02; IC95% 0,11–2,32; d=1,24) e (p=0,02, IC95% 0,05–2,20; d=1,15) respectivamente. Entretanto, nenhuma diferença foi encontrada em Pt (p=0,70). Conclusão: Os achados indicaram que a ETCC pode contribuir para otimizar, de forma aguda, o tempo/a velocidade de corredores de 5.000m

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost