428 research outputs found
Computation of In-bore Velocity-time and Travel-time profiles from Breech Pressure Measurements
The paper describes breech pressure measurement and also discusses the computation of velocity-time and travel-time profiles in the barrel from the instantaneous breech pressure values. The computed value of velocity at the shot out instant is obtained as the muzzle velocity. A close correlation is observed between the muzzle velocities measured by a radar and those computed from pressure-time data by this method
Instrumentation System for Thermal analysis of Electro-Explosive Devices.
A constant current pulser, with adjustable pulse width and current, is designed to evaluate thermal characteristics of electro-explosive devices (EED). The thermal response in voltage/time profile is digitised and recorded on a PC. A software for the analysis of this data has been developed. It computes the heat loss coefficient (Lambda), thermal capacity (Co) and thermal time constant (of the system. These parameters are used for the prediction of the performance EEDs during development stage and also in quality control. A computerised system developed for this purpose is also described in detail
Copolymerization of single-cell nucleic acids into balls of acrylamide gel
We show the use of 5'-Acrydite oligonucleotides to copolymerize single-cell DNA or RNA into balls of acrylamide gel (BAGs). Combining this step with split-and-pool techniques for creating barcodes yields a method with advantages in cost and scalability, depth of coverage, ease of operation, minimal cross-contamination, and efficient use of samples. We perform DNA copy number profiling on mixtures of cell lines, nuclei from frozen prostate tumors, and biopsy washes. As applied to RNA, the method has high capture efficiency of transcripts and sufficient consistency to clearly distinguish the expression patterns of cell lines and individual nuclei from neurons dissected from the mouse brain. By using varietal tags (UMIs) to achieve sequence error correction, we show extremely low levels of cross-contamination by tracking source-specific SNVs. The method is readily modifiable, and we will discuss its adaptability and diverse applications
Trends in Metal Oxide Stability for Nanorods, Nanotubes, and Surfaces
The formation energies of nanostructures play an important role in
determining their properties, including the catalytic activity. For the case of
15 different rutile and 8 different perovskite metal oxides, we find that the
density functional theory (DFT) calculated formation energies of (2,2)
nanorods, (3,3) nanotubes, and the (110) and (100) surfaces may be described
semi-quantitatively by the fraction of metal--oxygen bonds broken and the
bonding band centers in the bulk metal oxide
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Trends in the availability of the vulture-toxic drug, diclofenac, and other NSAIDs in South Asia, as revealed by covert pharmacy surveys
SummaryThe catastrophic declines of three species of ‘Critically Endangered’ Gyps vultures in South Asia were caused by unintentional poisoning by the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac. Despite a ban on its veterinary use in 2006 (India, Nepal, Pakistan) and 2010 (Bangladesh), residues of diclofenac have continued to be found in cattle carcasses and in dead wild vultures. Another NSAID, meloxicam, has been shown to be safe to vultures. From 2012 to 2018, we undertook covert surveys of pharmacies in India, Nepal and Bangladesh to investigate the availability and prevalence of NSAIDs for the treatment of livestock. The purpose of the study was to establish whether diclofenac continued to be sold for veterinary use, whether the availability of meloxicam had increased and to determine which other veterinary NSAIDs were available. The availability of diclofenac declined in all three countries, virtually disappearing from pharmacies in Nepal and Bangladesh, highlighting the advances made in these two countries to reduce this threat to vultures. In India, diclofenac still accounted for 10–46% of all NSAIDs offered for sale for livestock treatment in 2017, suggesting weak enforcement of existing regulations and a continued high risk to vultures. Availability of meloxicam increased in all countries and was the most common veterinary NSAID in Nepal (89.9% in 2017). Although the most widely available NSAID in India in 2017, meloxicam accounted for only 32% of products offered for sale. In Bangladesh, meloxicam was less commonly available than the vulture-toxic NSAID ketoprofen (28% and 66%, respectively, in 2018), despite the partial government ban on ketoprofen in 2016. Eleven different NSAIDs were recorded, several of which are known or suspected to be toxic to vultures. Conservation priorities should include awareness raising, stricter implementation of current bans, bans on other vulture-toxic veterinary NSAIDs, especially aceclofenac and nimesulide, and safety-testing of other NSAIDs on Gyps vultures to identify safe and toxic drugs.</jats:p
CRIRES-POP: A library of high resolution spectra in the near-infrared
New instrumental capabilities and the wealth of astrophysical information
extractable from the near-infrared wavelength region have led to a growing
interest in the field of high resolution spectroscopy at 1-5 mu. We aim to
provide a library of observed high-resolution and high signal-to-noise-ratio
near-infrared spectra of stars of various types throughout the
Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. This is needed for the exploration of spectral
features in this wavelength range and for comparison of reference targets with
observations and models.
High quality spectra were obtained using the CRIRES near-infrared
spectrograph at ESO's VLT covering the range from 0.97 to 5.3 mu at high
spectral resolution. Accurate wavelength calibration and correction for of
telluric lines were performed by fitting synthetic transmission spectra for the
Earth's atmosphere to each spectrum individually. We describe the observational
strategy and the current status and content of the library which includes 13
objects. The first examples of finally reduced spectra are presented. This
publication will serve as a reference paper to introduce the library to the
community and explore the extensive amount of material.Comment: accepted for publication in A&A; see also the project webpage
http://www.univie.ac.at/crirespo
Piezo1 channels sense whole body physical activity to reset cardiovascular homeostasis and enhance performance
Mammalian biology adapts to physical activity but the molecular mechanisms sensing the activity remain enigmatic. Recent studies have revealed how Piezo1 protein senses mechanical force to enable vascular development. Here, we address Piezo1 in adult endothelium, the major control site in physical activity. Mice without endothelial Piezo1 lack obvious phenotype but close inspection reveals a specific effect on endothelium-dependent relaxation in mesenteric resistance artery. Strikingly, the Piezo1 is required for elevated blood pressure during whole body physical activity but not blood pressure during inactivity. Piezo1 is responsible for flow-sensitive non-inactivating non-selective cationic channels which depolarize the membrane potential. As fluid flow increases, depolarization increases to activate voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in the adjacent vascular smooth muscle cells, causing vasoconstriction. Physical performance is compromised in mice which lack endothelial Piezo1 and there is weight loss after sustained activity. The data suggest that Piezo1 channels sense physical activity to advantageously reset vascular control
Spatially organizing future genders: an artistic intervention in the creation of a hir-toilet
Toilets, a neglected facility in the study of human relations at work and beyond, have become increasingly important in discussions about future experiences of gender diversity. To further investigate the spatial production of gender and its potential expressions, we transformed a unisex single-occupancy toilet at Uppsala University into an all-gender or ‘hir-toilet’.1 With the aim to disrupt and expose the dominant spatial organization of the two binary genders, we inaugurated the hir-toilet with the help of a performance artist. We describe and analyse internal and external responses thereto, using Lefebvre’s work on dialectics and space. Focusing on how space is variously lived, conceived and perceived, our analysis questions the very rationale of gender categorizations. The results contribute to a renewed critique of binary thinking in the organization of workplaces by extending our understanding of how space and human relations mutually constitute each other
Automated protein resonance assignments of magic angle spinning solid-state NMR spectra of β1 immunoglobulin binding domain of protein G (GB1)
Magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR (MAS SSNMR) represents a fast developing experimental technique with great potential to provide structural and dynamics information for proteins not amenable to other methods. However, few automated analysis tools are currently available for MAS SSNMR. We present a methodology for automating protein resonance assignments of MAS SSNMR spectral data and its application to experimental peak lists of the β1 immunoglobulin binding domain of protein G (GB1) derived from a uniformly 13C- and 15N-labeled sample. This application to the 56 amino acid GB1 produced an overall 84.1% assignment of the N, CO, CA, and CB resonances with no errors using peak lists from NCACX 3D, CANcoCA 3D, and CANCOCX 4D experiments. This proof of concept demonstrates the tractability of this problem
Mariculture of mussels in India
Worldwide, bivalves are recognised as a source of inexpensive protein of high nutritional value.
In India bivalve resources are still exploited at a subsis tence level. The growth performance, natural abundance, adaptability
to new environment, simple and inexpensive culture techniques have made mussel a candidate species for
culture operations. The bivalve mussels of the genus Perna are ex tensively cultured in Thailand, Philippines and
New Zealand
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