Study of elementary reactions with the HADES dielectron spectrometer

Results obtained with the HADES dielectron spectrometer at GSI are discussed, with emphasis on dilepton production in elementary reactions.Comment: invited talk at the Mazurian Lakes Conference on Physics, Piaski, Poland, August 30 - September 6, 2009, to appear in the proceedings (Acta Polonica

"Pfarrbrüder", "Pfarrconvent" und Schweizerische Predigergesellschaft: Drei historische Beispiele der Zusammenarbeit und des Austauschs unter Pfarrpersonen der reformierten Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert

After some introductory remarks about the Prophezei in Zurich and the Congrégations in Geneva, the essay focuses on three examples of pastoral cooperation within the 19th century Swiss Reformed churches. The Pfarrbrüder in the countryside of Basel were connected with the Moravians. They exchanged information through weekly reports and monthly conferences. Around 1830, more than half of all the pastors in the area were members. In 1840, the Pfarrkonvent became the official reunion of the pastors in Baselland. At first, they met three and later five times a year. In their meetings, one of the pastors presented a theological topic that was discussed afterwards. In addition to this, the pastors in some areas held exegetical meetings once a month including lunch and informal discussions. The Schweizerische Predigergesellschaft provided the Swiss Reformed pastors with a highly efficient network from the first conference in 1839 until World War I. At times, one third of all Reformed pastors attended the yearly conferences. The pastor associations in the various cantons of Switzerland were linked through correspondents who exchanged information on relevant ecclesial and theological topics

Gravitational Singularities in Particle Swarms. Application to the Discovery of Gene Expression Patterns in DNA Microarrays.

International audienc

Les interventions publiques nationales en matière d'abus de substances et de dépendances : une revue internationale

[Table des matières] Résumé. Zusammenfassung. 1. Situation de départ et mandat. 2. Problématique. 3. Questions de recherche. 4. Méthode. 5. Résultats généraux. 6. Résultats détaillés : évolution des modèles des interventions publiques en matière de dépendances. 7. Résultats détaillés : évolution des mesures en matière de dépendances. 8. Conclusions et leçons à tirer. 9. Annexes - fiches des pays : Europe, Allemagne, Autriche, Belgique, Danemark, Espagne, Finlande, France, Grèce, Irlande, Italie, Luxembourg, Norvège, Pays-Bas, Portugal, Royaume-Uni (Angleterre, Pays de Galles, Ecosse, Irlande du Nord), Suède, Australie, Canada, Etats-Unis

Breeding for Biomass Yield in Switchgrass Using Surrogate Measures of Yield

Development of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) as a dedicated biomass crop for conversion to energy requires substantial increases in biomass yield. Most efforts to breed for increased biomass yield are based on some form of indirect selection. The objective of this paper is to evaluate and compare the expected efficiency of several indirect measures of breeding value for improving sward-plot biomass yield of switchgrass. Sward-plot biomass yield, row-plot biomass, and spaced-plant biomass were measured on 144 half-sib families or their maternal parents from the WS4U-C2 breeding population of upland switchgrass. Heading date was also scored on row plots and anthesis date was scored on spaced plants. Use of any of these indirect selection criteria was expected to be less efficient than direct selection for biomass yield measured on sward plots, when expressed as genetic gain per year. Combining any of these indirect selection criteria with half-sib family selection for biomass yield resulted in increases in efficiency of 14 to 36%, but this could only be achieved at a very large cost of measuring phenotype on literally thousands of plants that would eventually have no chance of being selected because they were derived from inferior families. Genomic prediction methods offered the best solution to increase breeding efficiency by reducing average cycle time, increasing selection intensity, and placing selection pressure on all additive genetic variance within the population. Use of genomic selection methods is expected to double or triple genetic gains over field-based half-sib family selection

Modelling the mid-Pliocene Warm Period climate with the IPSL coupled model and its atmospheric component LMDZ5A

This paper describes the experimental design and model results of the climate simulations of the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP, ca. 3.3–3 Ma) using the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace model (IPSLCM5A), in the framework of the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP). We use the IPSL atmosphere ocean general circulation model (AOGCM), and its atmospheric component alone (AGCM), to simulate the climate of the mPWP. Boundary conditions such as sea surface temperatures (SSTs), topography, ice-sheet extent and vegetation are derived from the ones imposed by the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP), described in Haywood et al. (2010, 2011). We first describe the IPSL model main features, and then give a full description of the boundary conditions used for atmospheric model and coupled model experiments. The climatic outputs of the mPWP simulations are detailed and compared to the corresponding control simulations. The simulated warming relative to the control simulation is 1.94 °C in the atmospheric and 2.07 °C in the coupled model experiments. In both experiments, warming is larger at high latitudes. Mechanisms governing the simulated precipitation patterns are different in the coupled model than in the atmospheric model alone, because of the reduced gradients in imposed SSTs, which impacts the Hadley and Walker circulations. In addition, a sensitivity test to the change of land-sea mask in the atmospheric model, representing a sea-level change from present-day to 25 m higher during the mid-Pliocene, is described. We find that surface temperature differences can be large (several degrees Celsius) but are restricted to the areas that were changed from ocean to land or vice versa. In terms of precipitation, impact on polar regions is minor although the change in land-sea mask is significant in these areas

Técnicas de extração de terceiros molares

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas MonizBackground: A extração cirúrgica do 3º molar impactado é o ato cirúrgico mais assistido mas esta também é uma dos mais complicados. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é tentar encontrar o melhor procedimento para executar a extração para o nosso paciente, considerando todo o seu estado geral. Método: Pesquisamos os artigos entre 1 de janeiro de 2015 e 31 de dezembro de 2018 onde há algumas dicas sobre como proceder a uma boa extração de 3º molar. Excluímos o procedimento pré e pós-operatório. Resultados: Encontramos inicialmente 66 artigos. Várias áreas de resultados foram encontradas: tipo de anestésico, desenho de retalho, proteção de retalho, instrumentos de osteotomia, técnica de seccionamento dentário, irrigador especial, adjunção especial de material dentro do alvéolo, tipo de sutura e algumas técnicas gerais adicionais. Conclusão: A qualidade das evidências para cada uma dessas comparações foi baixa devido ao fato de todos esses estudos serem muito diferentes. Porém, alguns estudos mostraram resultados semelhantes. Bloqueio regional do nervo com infiltração vestibular e palatina de lidoicaine 4% com epinefrina 1: 80'000 parece ser muito eficaz e sem efeitos colaterais muito pesados. A incisão triangular convencional com retração vestibular continua a ser o padrão a ser utilizado. O corte do dente e do osso com irrigação com soro deve ser usado com a maior frequência possível quando a extração parece um pouco mais complicada. A adição de PRF e CHX no alvéolo após a extração é recomendada no caso de pacientes periondontais para ajudar a conservar o máximo de tecido, mas apenas neste caso. A sutura deve ser usada somente em grandes incisões e com a maior frequência possível com sutura de seda. Muitas investigações estão a ser feitas agora e devemos continuar a analisar os seus resultados.Background: The chirurgical extraction of the impacted 3rd molar is the most the attended surgical act but is also one of the most complicated. Purpose: The objective of this study is trying to find the best procedure to proceed the extraction to our future patient, considering all his general estate. Method: We search all the articles between the 1 January 2015 and the 31 December 2018 where there are some clues about how to proceed a good 3rd molar extraction. We excluded pre and post operative procedure. Results: We found initially 66 articles. Various areas of results were found: anesthesic type, flap design, flap protection, osteotomy instruments, tooth sectioning technique, special irrigator, special adjunction of material inside de socket, suture type and some other general additional techniques. Conclusion: The quality of evidence for each of these comparisons was low due to the fact that all these studies were too different. Nevertheless, some studies showed similar results. Regional nerve block with vestibular and platine infiltration of lidoicaine 4% with 1:80’000 epinephrine seems to be very effective and without too heavy side effects. The conventional triangular flap incision with buccally retraction remains the standard to use. The cut of the tooth and bone with saline water irrigation should be used as often as possible when the extraction seems a bit more complicated. The addition of PRF and CHX in the soquet after the extraction is recommended in case of periondontal patients to help to conserve the maximum of tissue but only in this case. Suture should be used only in big socket holes and as often as possible with silk suture. Lots of other investigations are being done right now and we should continue to look at their results.Contexte : L’extraction chirurgicale de la 3ème molaire incluse est l’acte chirurgical le plus fréquent mais également l’un des plus compliqués. But : L’objectif de cette étude est de trouver la meilleure procédure pour procéder à l’extraction chez notre patient. Méthode : Nous avons recherché dans tous les articles du 1er janvier 2015 au 31 décembre 2018 où il existe des indices sur la manière de procéder à une bonne extraction à la 3ème molaire. Nous avons exclu la procédure pré et postopératoire. Résultats : Nous avons trouvé initialement 66 articles. Différents domaines de résultats ont été trouvés : type anesthésique, conception du lambeau, protection du lambeau, instruments d'ostéotomie, technique de sectionnement de dent, irrigateur spécial, matériaux spéciaux pour la cavité, type de suture et techniques additionnelles. Conclusion : la qualité des preuves pour chacune de ces comparaisons était faible en raison du fait que toutes ces études étaient trop différentes. Néanmoins, certaines études ont montré des résultats similaires. Un bloc nerveux régional avec infiltration vestibulaire et platine de lidocaïne 4% avec de l’épinéphrine à 1 : 80’000 semble être efficace et sans effets secondaires trop importants. L’incision par volet triangulaire classique avec rétraction vestibulaire reste la norme à utiliser. La coupe de la dent et des os avec irrigation à l'eau saline doit être utilisée aussi souvent que possible lorsque l'extraction semble un peu plus compliquée. L'ajout de PRF et de CHX dans l’alvéole après l'extraction est recommandé dans le cas de patients avec problèmes parodontaux pour aider à conserver le maximum de tissu, mais uniquement dans ce cas. La suture ne doit être utilisée que dans les grands orifices et aussi souvent que possible avec une suture en soie. De nombreuses enquêtes sont en cours et nous devrions continuer à examiner leurs résultats

In-medium effects on K-0 mesons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

We present the transverse momentum spectra and rapidity distributions of pi(-) and K-S(0) in Ar + KCl reactions at a beam kinetic energy of 1.756 A GeV measured with the High Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES). The reconstructed K-S(0) sample is characterized by good event statistics for a wide range in momentum and rapidity. We compare the experimental pi(-) and K-S(0) distributions to predictions by the Isospin Quantum Molecular Dynamics (IQMD) model. The model calculations show that K-S(0) at low transverse momenta constitute a particularly well-suited tool to investigate the kaon in-medium potential. Our K-S(0) data suggest a strong repulsive in-medium K-0 potential of about 40 MeV strength.We gratefully acknowledge the useful discussions with J. Aichelin and H. Oeschler. The HADES collaboration gratefully acknowledges the support by BMBF grants 06TM970I, 06GI146I, 06FY171, and 06DR135 (Germany), by GSI (TMFR1, GI/ME3, OF/STR), by Excellence Cluster of Universe (Germany), by grants GA AS CR IAA100480803 and MSMT LC 07050 (Czech Republic), by grant KBN 5P03B 140 20 (Poland), by INFN (Italy), by CNRS/IN2P3 (France), by grants MCYT FPA2000-2041-C02-02 and XUGA PGID T02PXIC20605PN (Spain), by grant UCY-10.3.11.12 (Cyprus), by INTAS grant 06-1000012-8861 and EU contract RII3-CT-2004-506078.Peer reviewe