41 research outputs found
Keratin 13 is a more specific marker of conjunctival epithelium than keratin 19
PurposeTo evaluate the expression patterns of cytokeratin (K) 12, 13, and 19 in normal epithelium of the human ocular surface to determine whether K13 could be used as a marker for conjunctival epithelium.MethodsTotal RNA was isolated from the human conjunctiva and central cornea. Those transcripts that had threefolds or higher expression levels in the conjunctiva than the cornea were identified using microarray technique. Expression levels of three known signature genes and of two conjunctival genes, K13 and K19 were confirmed by using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Protein expression of K12, K13, and K19 was confirmed by immunostaining with specific antibodies on histologic sections of human sclerocornea that contained the conjunctiva, limbus, and cornea and on impression cytology (IC) specimens of the cornea and conjunctiva from normal donors. Double staining of K13/K12 and K19/K12 on histologic sections and IC specimens was performed.ResultsThere were 337 transcripts that were preferentially expressed in the conjunctiva. K13 and K19 were among the top twenty transcripts in the conjunctiva and this preferential expression pattern of K13 and K19 was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Immunohistochemical studies showed that K13 was expressed at the posterior limbal epithelium and conjunctival epithelium but was totally absent in the cornea. K12 was expressed in the corneal and anterior limbal epithelia except for the basal layer and was absent from the conjunctiva. In contrast, K19 was detected in the corneal, limbal and conjunctival epithelia. Immunostaining of the IC specimens showed K12(+) epithelial cells in the corneal region, K13(+) cells in the conjunctival area, and K19(+) cells in the corneal and conjunctival specimens. Expression of K13 and K12 on the ocular surface was mutually exclusive on both the histologic and IC samples using double immunostaining.ConclusionsK13 is more specific to the conjunctival epithelial cells than K19 and potentially could be used as a marker to identify conjunctival epithelial cells in limbal stem cell deficiency
Estrategias lúdicas para fortalecer la motricidad gruesa en los niños de preescolar de la institución educativa bajo grande – sahagún.
El objeto de estudio de la PedagogĂa es la educaciĂłn. AsĂ, tambiĂ©n es posible encontrar la palabra formaciĂłn como objeto de estudio de la PedagogĂa, siendo educaciĂłn y formaciĂłn vocablos sinĂłnimos en tal contexto. En ese orden de ideas, la investigaciĂłn educativa pretende encontrar las razones por las cuales se dan o presentan algunos problemas en el desarrollo motriz de los niños y buscar la forma como corregirlos a travĂ©s de los procesos de aprendizaje, por ello este proyecto de investigaciĂłn pretende determinar actividades que logren fortalecer la motricidad gruesa en los niños del grado preescolar de la INSTITUCIĂ“N EDUCATIVA BAJO GRANDE- SAHAGĂšN, sede principal
Ultrabiomicroscopic-Histopathologic Correlations in Individuals with Autosomal Dominant Congenital Microcoria: Three-Generation Family Report
Background: Congenital microcoria (CMC) is due to a maldevelopment of the dilator pupillae muscle of the iris, with a pupil diameter of less than 2 mm. It is associated with juvenile open angle glaucoma and myopia. We report on a three-generation Mexican-Mestizo family with CMC. The eldest member’s iris biopsy proved muscle anomalies. Further, we analyzed novel ultrasound biomicroscopy findings in the family members who did not require surgery. Patients and Methods: A 62-year-old woman, her 41-year-old son and her 9-year-old grandson affected with microcoria since birth, documented by clinical examination and ultrasound biomicroscopy. The eldest member underwent phacoemulsification, and a biopsy of the iris and the anterior capsule of the lens was taken. Results: Ultrasound biomicroscopy confirmed the CMC diagnosis showing iris thinning and a pupil diameter of less than 2 mm. Histopathology of the iris showed a significant reduction of smooth muscle cells, but no alterations of the anterior lens capsule. Discussion: Although CMC is a rare disorder, which is due to a maldevelopment of the dilator pupillae muscle of the iris, it could be associated with juvenile open angle glaucoma and myopia; therefore, precise diagnosis is required. Ultrasound biomicroscopy could be a great option to confirm the disorder
Use of Amniotic Membrane Transplant and Deep Anterior Keratoplasty in a Patient with Bilateral Acanthamoeba Infectious Keratitis: A Case Report
The aim of this study was to report a case with the use of amniotic membrane transplant and deep anterior keratoplasty in a patient with bilateral Acanthamoeba infectious keratitis as a treatment. A 20-year-old male presented with bilateral Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) who was initially diagnosed with herpetic keratitis receiving full antiviral and corticosteroid topical treatment without any improvement. Corneal biopsy was performed to confirm the suspected diagnosis, and Acanthamoeba stromal cysts were identified in the sample. Treatment was initiated with 0.02% chlorhexidine, 0.1% propamidine isethionate, neomycin, and tropicamide/phenylephrine. Symptoms and clinical improvement were achieved between the 8th and 10th weeks, so corticosteroids were initiated. Treatment was continued until we observed a poor response in the left eye; therefore, an epithelial scraping and amniotic membrane placement were performed. Lately, the right eye underwent a deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty. A challenging case of bilateral AK managed with topical medications, amniotic membrane, and corneal keratoplasty. The earlier the disease is diagnosed, the better the outcome. If the diagnosis is delayed, the amoebas have penetrated deep into the corneal stroma, and successful therapy becomes difficult. A surgical option can be an early solution with a good prognosis for these cases
Submicroscopic Deletions at 13q32.1 Cause Congenital Microcoria.
International audienceCongenital microcoria (MCOR) is a rare autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by inability of the iris to dilate owing to absence of dilator pupillae muscle. So far, a dozen MCOR-affected families have been reported worldwide. By using whole-genome oligonucleotide array CGH, we have identified deletions at 13q32.1 segregating with MCOR in six families originating from France, Japan, and Mexico. Breakpoint sequence analyses showed nonrecurrent deletions in 5/6 families. The deletions varied from 35 kbp to 80 kbp in size, but invariably encompassed or interrupted only two genes: TGDS encoding the TDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase and GPR180 encoding the G protein-coupled receptor 180, also known as intimal thickness-related receptor (ITR). Unlike TGDS which has no known function in muscle cells, GPR180 is involved in the regulation of smooth muscle cell growth. The identification of a null GPR180 mutation segregating over two generations with iridocorneal angle dysgenesis, which can be regarded as a MCOR endophenotype, is consistent with the view that deletions of this gene, with or without the loss of elements regulating the expression of neighboring genes, are the cause of MCOR
Estudios sobre violencia en la educaciĂłn. Enfoques, textos y contextos
El concepto de la violencia ha estado sobre la palestra desde el principio de nuestras sociedades. No obstante, en la práctica sus facetas son mĂşltiples y en diversos ámbitos, lo que ha dado lugar a especulaciones acerca de los medios y los fines. Esto mismo incita a reflexionar en lo axiolĂłgico, pues la violencia alberga en sĂ un elemento adicional de arbitrariedad y, por lo tanto, se relaciona con aspectos fundamentales del derecho o los derechos humanos. En los ámbitos educativos han aparecido nuevas formas de violencia personal, que se reflejan en el bullying y el mobbing. En el ámbito universitario, existe un malestar que no se palĂa con estĂmulos o clientelismos y que se refiere a un tipo de violencia particular soterrada por las polĂticas pĂşblicas y el intervencionismo del Estado, los cuales han provocado tensiones entre las comunidades acadĂ©micas; Ă©stas tienen que ver con la defensa de los principios de libertad y autonomĂa de cátedra e investigaciĂłn. En algunos casos, dichas voces han formulado crĂticas a los programas impuestos, ya que Ă©stos se establecen sin reflexionar en los costos sociales que provocan en el trabajo acadĂ©mico y cientĂfico. De esas formas de violencia se quiere dar cuenta en esta obra, la cual fue desarrollada por la Red de Cuerpos AcadĂ©micos en PolĂtica, EducaciĂłn y Universidad
Aplicaciones electroquĂmicas al tratamiento de aguas residuales
El presente libro tiene como finalidad compilar numerosas investigaciones en el campo de la tecnologĂa electroquĂmica y sus aplicaciones ambientales, contando con la colaboraciĂłn de un gran nĂşmero de investigadores tanto nacionales como extranjeros, proponiendo con ello una visiĂłn amplia dentro de la aplicaciĂłn de la electroquĂmica. Los temas que integran esta obra se escogieron cuidadosamente considerando desde los principios básicos de la electroquĂmica aplicada al tratamiento de aguas residuales hasta los parámetros a considerar durante el diseño, operaciĂłn y evaluaciĂłn de dichos sistemas, sin dejar de lado las aplicaciones utilizadas en la actualidad en la industria, la docencia y la investigaciĂłn. Este libro reĂşne diversas temáticas por lo que puede considerarse como un compendio de aquellos elementos que el lector requiere para poder tener una visiĂłn amplia de las aplicaciones de la electroquĂmica en el campo del tratamiento de agua residual.En el CapĂtulo 1 se presenta una primera impresiĂłn de los Fundamentes de la ElectroquĂmica Ambiental, en donde los autores explican cĂłmo esta disciplina es una nueva área de la ciencia en donde se emplean conocimientos de ElectroquĂmica, IngenierĂa QuĂmica y Ciencia de Materiales, asĂ como las aplicaciones especĂficas para la remediaciĂłn ambiental. En el CapĂtulo 2 los autores ofrecen una descripciĂłn de los principales parámetros fisicoquĂmicos y biolĂłgicos que se emplean para definir a la calidad del agua. Este capĂtulo describe en funciĂłn de quĂ© caracterĂsticas fĂsicas, quĂmicas y biolĂłgicas se puede evaluar a un agua residual asĂ como tambiĂ©n la aplicaciĂłn de estas caracterĂsticas como variables de control de un proceso de tratamiento y tambiĂ©n como el empleo de ellas para limitar las concentraciones máximas permisibles de descarga de aguas residuales. El CapĂtulo 3 se refiere a uno de los procesos más empleados en el tratamiento de agua: la coagulaciĂłn-floculaciĂłn. Se aborda desde una Ăłptica teĂłrica hasta la descripciĂłn de un ejemplo de aplicaciĂłn en la industria. Resulta importante incluir este capĂtulo ya que uno de los mĂ©todos más prometedores en la electroquĂmica ambiental es la electrocoagulaciĂłn, la cual se narra en el CapĂtulo 6. Las bases de las celdas de laboratorio y reactores industriales electroquĂmicos se relatan en el CapĂtulo 4. En particular, se refieren las implicaciones que tienen las principales caracterĂsticas fĂsicas y de diseño de celdas de laboratorio y reactores electroquĂmicos industriales que permiten obtener transformaciones eficientes gracias a un correcto control del potencial de electrodo en estos sistemas. La implementaciĂłn de procesos electroquĂmicos para su aplicaciĂłn a nivel industrial, requiere del diseño eficiente del dispositivo central: el reactor electroquĂmico. Por lo que, en el CapĂtulo 5 se presentan los elementos de análisis de reactores electroquĂmicos para su diseño y caracterizaciĂłn. El CapĂtulo 7 describe bajo quĂ© circunstancias se puede llevar a cabo el proceso de electroflotaciĂłn. Los autores muestran cĂłmo este proceso está influenciado por el pH de la soluciĂłn acuosa, la densidad de corriente y el tipo de electrodos que se emplean. El lector encontrará en el CapĂtulo 8 las bases teĂłricas de uno de los procesos que involucra la quĂmica de la reacciĂłn de Fenton, asĂ como las aplicaciones ambientales para el tratamiento de soluciones sintĂ©ticas y reales con diferentes contaminantes refractarios, tales como plaguicidas, colorantes, productos de cuidado personal, fármacos y residuos quĂmicos industriales. En el CapĂtulo 9 se presentan algunos conceptos fundamentales sobre la ElectrooxidaciĂłn, tambiĂ©n conocida como oxidaciĂłn electroquĂmica, la cual está enfocada a realizar la oxidaciĂłn de contaminantes presentes en aguas residuales sobre la superficie de electrodos. La tecnologĂa para la electrogeneraciĂłn de perĂłxido de hidrĂłgeno y su empleo en el tratamiento de agua residual se describe en el CapĂtulo 10. Uno de los metales pesados que tienen un alto grado de toxicidad en el ambiente es el Cr(VI), el cual no puede ser removido por mĂ©todos convencionales por lo que una tecnologĂa que puede emplearse en este tratamiento se relata en el CapĂtulo 11. En el CapĂtulo 12 se presentan los avances más recientes cuando se emplean los mĂ©todos electroquĂmicos con algĂşn otro tipo de tratamiento, lo que ha resultado en la obtenciĂłn de sinergias en los procesos, lo que implica una reducciĂłn en los costos de operaciĂłn. Finalmente, en el CapĂtulo 13, se presenta el tema de usos y aplicaciones de sensores quĂmicos y electroquĂmicos para la detecciĂłn de contaminantes en agua y agua residual
Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study
Summary
Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally.
Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies
have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of
the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income
countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality.
Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to
hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis,
exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a
minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical
status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary
intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause,
in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status.
We did a complete case analysis.
Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital
diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal
malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome
countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male.
Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3).
Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income
countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups).
Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome
countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries;
p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients
combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11],
p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20
[1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention
(ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety
checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed
(ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of
parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65
[0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality.
Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome,
middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will
be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger
than 5 years by 2030
Intraocular lens iris fixation. Clinical and macular OCT outcomes
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To assess the efficacy, clinical outcomes, visual acuity (VA), incidence of adverse effects, and complications of peripheral iris fixation of 3-piece acrylic IOLs in eyes lacking capsular support. Thirteen patients who underwent implantation and peripheral iris fixation of a 3-piece foldable acrylic PC IOL for aphakia in the absence of capsular support were followed after surgery. Clinical outcomes and macular SD-OCT (Cirrus OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany) were analyzed.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>The final CDVA was 20/40 or better in 8 eyes (62%), 20/60 or better in 12 eyes (92%), and one case of 20/80 due to corneal astigmatism and mild persistent edema. No intraoperative complications were reported. There were seven cases of medically controlled ocular hypertension after surgery due to the presence of viscoelastic in the AC. There were no cases of cystoid macular edema, chronic iridocyclitis, IOL subluxation, pigment dispersion, or glaucoma. Macular edema did not develop in any case by means of SD-OCT.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We think that this technique for iris suture fixation provides safe and effective results. Patients had substantial improvements in UDVA and CDVA. This surgical strategy may be individualized however; age, cornea status, angle structures, iris anatomy, and glaucoma are important considerations in selecting candidates for an appropriate IOL fixation method.</p