Contenido y alcance del acto preparatorio punible de ordenar en el artículo (8) (2) (e) (viii) del Estatuto de Roma

“La Unidad de Víctimas de la Fiscalía de la CPI envió en agosto de 2015 a la Clínica Jurídica Internacional de la Universidad del Rosario la siguiente pregunta: “En cuanto al rechazo de la cámara de la solicitud de autorización para apelar presentada por la Defensa en el caso Ntaganda contra la “Solicitud de Defensa de autorización para apelar la decisión sobre la confirmación de los cargos de fecha 09 de junio 2014” de la Sala de cuestiones preliminares I, No ICC-01/04-02/06-322, 7 de Julio de 2014), el artículo 8(2)(e)(viii) del Estatuto de Roma requiere que la Fiscalía demuestre que una orden específica fue dada por el autor para ejecutar el desplazamiento ilegal de la población civil? ¿Y cuál es la relación (semejanzas y diferencias) entre el delito de desplazamiento ilegal en virtud del artículo 8 (2) (e) (viii) del Estatuto de Roma, y el crimen de persecución en virtud del artículo 7 (1) (h)? En términos más generales, ¿cuál es el ámbito de aplicación del crimen de guerra de desplazar a la población civil en virtud del artículo 8 (2) (e) (viii) del Estatuto de Roma? Por favor, incluya en su respuesta un análisis de la historia de la redacción de la disposición pertinente (s) del Estatuto de Roma y los Elementos de los crímenes, así como de la jurisprudencia pertinente de otros tribunales penales internacionales sobre el crimen de guerra de desplazar a la población civil…

Estudios actuales de literatura comparada. Teorías de la literatura y diálogos interdisciplinarios

Estos dos volúmenes constituyen una contribución al desarrollo de la comparatística que se realiza, principalmente, desde América Latina. El primer volumen está organizado en tres partes y consta de 22 artículos, mientras que el segundo reúne 24 capítulos.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Artes y Letras::Facultad de Letras::Escuela de Filología, Lingüística y LiteraturaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Sistema de Educación General::Escuela de Estudios GeneralesUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado::Artes y Letras::Maestría Académica en Literatura FrancesaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado::Artes y Letras::Maestría Académica en Literatura LatinoamericanaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Artes y Letras::Facultad de Letras::Escuela de Lenguas Moderna

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Rôle des modifications de la chromatine dans la réponse au stress chez Arabidopsis thaliana

Les modifications de la chromatine jouent un rôle fondamental dans le contrôle de l’expression des gènes de stress et la mise en place d’une réponse physiologique appropriée en réponse aux signaux environnementaux. Les complexes répressifs polycomb (PRC pour Polycomb Repressive Complexes), PRC1 et PRC2 permettent la répression des gènes via le dépôt des marques H3K27me3 et H2AUb. Ce projet de thèse vise à explorer le rôle de la protéine LHP1, une sous-unité du complexe PRC1 chez Arabidopsis thaliana, dans la régulation de l’homéostasie de la marque H3K27me3 et des voies de signalisation activées par les stress. Nous avons utilisé une approche intégrative pour identifier les réponses immunitaires dé-régulées dans le mutant lhp1 ; mettant ainsi en évidence le rôle de la protéine LHP1 dans la répression de la branche dépendante de MYC2 de la signalisation par l’Acide Jasmonique et l’éthylène. La perte de la protéine LHP1 induit une baisse du niveau de la marque H3K27 me3 dans le corps des gènes ANAC019 et ANAC055, ce qui augmente leur expression et la dérégulation de leurs cible, conduisant ainsi à une résistance accrue aux pucerons, ainsi qu’à une sensibilité plus importante à l’ABA et à une meilleure tolérance à la sècheresse. D’autre part, l’activation de cette voie de signalisation dans le mutant lhp1 induit une baisse d’accumulation de l’Acide Salicylique (SA), due à la dé-régulation des gènes ICS1 et BSMT1, ainsi qu’à une sensibilité accrue au pathogène hémibiotrophe Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Afin de mieux comprendre la fonction moléculaire de LHP1, nous avons étudié son interaction génétique avec l’histone déméthylase REF6. Nous avons analysé des données de ChIP-seq menées dans les mutants lhp1 et ref6 ainsi que dans le double mutant à la lumière des phénotypes développementaux et physiologiques de ces lignées, mettant ainsi en évidence le rôle complexe de LHP1 dans l’homéostasie de la marque H3K27me3. D’après ces résultats, nous proposons que d’une part, LHP1 est requise pour le recrutement d’histone méthyltransférases sur certains gènes afin de permettre le dépôt de la marque, et que d’autre part, LHP1 protège d’autre loci de l’activité de déméthylases telles que REF6. Nous avons aussi étudié les mécanismes conduisant à une augmentation des niveaux de H3K27me3 sur certains gènes dans le mutant lhp1, et montrons que LHP1 réprime le gène MEA. L’expression ectopique de ce gène dans les tissus somatiques du mutant lhp1 est probablement responsable de l’hyper-méthylation de nombreux loci. Ce groupe de gènes hyper-méthylés dans le mutant lhp1 est enrichi en gènes annotés comme étant impliqués dans les réponses immunitaires, affectant ainsi la régulation transcriptionnelle des gènes de défense, ce qui contribue à la sensibilité accrue du mutant lhp1 aux pathogènes nécrotrophes. Ainsi, nous proposons que l’homéostasie de la marque H3K27me3 est essentielle au développement harmonieux ainsi qu’aux réponses immunitaires de la plante, et que LHP1 contribue au maintien de l’équilibre entre diverses voies de réponse au stress et les processus de croissance.Chromatin modifications and regulation play a major role in the expression of stress-responsive genes and the instauration of appropriate physiological responses to environmental cues in plants. Polycomb Repressive Complexes (PRCs), PRC1 and PRC2,are involved in the repression of protein-coding genes through the deposition of H3K27me3 and H2Aub. This thesis project explores the role of LHP1, an Arabidopsis thaliana PRC1 protein, in the regulation of H3K27me3 homeostasis and stress-responsive signaling pathways. We used an integrative approach for the identification of immune related pathways de-regulated in the lhp1 mutant, finding that LHP1 is required for the repression of the MYC2 branch of jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET) pathway of immunity. Loss of LHP1 induces the reduction in H3K27me3 levels in the gene bodies of ANAC019 and ANAC055, leading to their up-regulation and the mis-regulation of their downstream targets, increasing aphid resistance, ABA sensitivity and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis.On the other hand, the up-regulation of this pathway in lhp1 reduces Salicylic Acid (SA) content caused by a de-regulation of ICS1 and BSMT1, as well as increased susceptibility to the hemibiotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000.In order to deepen our comprehension of the molecular role of LHP1, we studied the genetic interaction between this histone reader and the REF6 demethylase. We integrated ChIP-seq, developmental and physiological data of the single lhp1 and ref6 mutants, as well as their respective double mutant, finding that LHP1 plays different roles in the regulation of H3K27me3 homeostasis. Based in on our results we propose that on the one hand, LHP1 is necessary for the recruitment of histone methyltransferases to certain genes to promote the deposition of H3K27me3, while in some other targets it protects this histone mark from the demethylase activity of REF6. We also addressed the phenomenon of H3K27me3 gain in lhp1, and we provide evidence for the role of LHP1 in the repression of MEA, a gene that is de-repressed in the lhp1 mutant and may contribute to the ectopic hyper-methylation of several loci. This set of hyper-methylatedloci in lhp1 is enriched in immune-related genes, impacting the transcriptional regulation of immune responses, a process that contributes to the increased lhp1 susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogens. Therefore, we propose that H3K27me3 homeostasis is a key phenomenon behind developmental and innate immune processes in Arabidopsis, and that LHP1 plays a role as a keeper of the trade-off between diverse stress signaling pathways but also between these and developmental programs

The Arabidopsis APOLO and human UPAT sequence-unrelated long noncoding RNAs can modulate DNA and histone methylation machineries in plants

International audienceAbstract Background RNA-DNA hybrid (R-loop)-associated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), including the Arabidopsis lncRNA AUXIN-REGULATED PROMOTER LOOP ( APOLO ), are emerging as important regulators of three-dimensional chromatin conformation and gene transcriptional activity. Results Here, we show that in addition to the PRC1-component LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1), APOLO interacts with the methylcytosine-binding protein VARIANT IN METHYLATION 1 (VIM1), a conserved homolog of the mammalian DNA methylation regulator UBIQUITIN-LIKE CONTAINING PHD AND RING FINGER DOMAINS 1 (UHRF1). The APOLO -VIM1-LHP1 complex directly regulates the transcription of the auxin biosynthesis gene YUCCA2 by dynamically determining DNA methylation and H3K27me3 deposition over its promoter during the plant thermomorphogenic response. Strikingly, we demonstrate that the lncRNA UHRF1 Protein Associated Transcript ( UPAT ), a direct interactor of UHRF1 in humans, can be recognized by VIM1 and LHP1 in plant cells, despite the lack of sequence homology between UPAT and APOLO . In addition, we show that increased levels of APOLO or UPAT hamper VIM1 and LHP1 binding to YUCCA2 promoter and globally alter the Arabidopsis transcriptome in a similar manner. Conclusions Collectively, our results uncover a new mechanism in which a plant lncRNA coordinates Polycomb action and DNA methylation through the interaction with VIM1, and indicates that evolutionary unrelated lncRNAs with potentially conserved structures may exert similar functions by interacting with homolog partners

Sequence-unrelated long noncoding RNAs converged to modulate the activity of conserved epigenetic machineries across kingdoms

RNA-DNA hybrid (R-loop)-associated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), including the Arabidopsis lncRNA AUXIN-REGULATED PROMOTER LOOP ( APOLO ), are emerging as important regulators of three-dimensional chromatin conformation and gene transcriptional activity. Here, we showed that in addition to the PRC1-component LIKE-HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1), APOLO interacts with the methylcytosine-binding protein VARIANT IN METHYLATION 1 (VIM1), a conserved homolog of the mammalian DNA methylation regulator UBIQUITIN-LIKE CONTAINING PHD AND RING FINGER DOMAINS 1 (UHRF1). The APOLO -VIM1-LHP1 complex directly regulates the transcription of the auxin biosynthesis gene YUCCA2 by dynamically determining DNA methylation and H3K27me3 deposition over its promoter during the plant thermomorphogenic response. Strikingly, we demonstrated that the lncRNA UHRF1 Protein Associated Transcript ( UPAT ), a direct interactor of UHRF1 in humans, can be recognized by VIM1 and LHP1 in plant cells, despite the lack of sequence homology between UPAT and APOLO . In addition, we showed that increased levels of APOLO or UPAT hamper VIM1 and LHP1 binding to YUCCA2 promoter. Collectively, our results uncover a new mechanism in which a plant lncRNA coordinates Polycomb action and DNA methylation, and reveal that evolutionary unrelated lncRNAs may exert similar functions across kingdoms

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data