Immunology and Oxidative Stress in Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical and Basic Approach

Multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibits many of the hallmarks of an inflammatory autoimmune disorder including breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the recruitment of lymphocytes, microglia, and macrophages to lesion sites, the presence of multiple lesions, generally being more pronounced in the brain stem and spinal cord, the predominantly perivascular location of lesions, the temporal maturation of lesions from inflammation through demyelination, to gliosis and partial remyelination, and the presence of immunoglobulin in the central nervous system and cerebrospinal fluid. Lymphocytes activated in the periphery infiltrate the central nervous system to trigger a local immune response that ultimately damages myelin and axons. Pro-inflammatory cytokines amplify the inflammatory cascade by compromising the BBB, recruiting immune cells from the periphery, and activating resident microglia. inflammation-associated oxidative burst in activated microglia and macrophages plays an important role in the demyelination and free radical-mediated tissue injury in the pathogenesis of MS. The inflammatory environment in demyelinating lesions leads to the generation of oxygen- and nitrogen-free radicals as well as proinflammatory cytokines which contribute to the development and progression of the disease. Inflammation can lead to oxidative stress and vice versa. Thus, oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in a self-perpetuating cycle

Cálculo del número de Poiseuille para flujo laminar plenamente desarrollado en ductos de diferentes secciones trasversales.

The use of pipelines is an important alternative in the transport of fluids, being a common engineering problem to obtain thedecrease (loss) of pressure or transfer of heat in the fluid. To evaluate these phenomena, the number of Poiseuille (f ReDh) is especiallyimportant. In this article, this number has been calculated for fully developed laminar flow in ducts of different cross sections using TRANSCALsoftware, which has been developed by the Laboratory of Numerical Simulation in Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer - SINMEC-, of theFederal University of Santa Catarina. In the implementation of the calculations made in the software, the parameters were introduced using theanalogy between the differential equation of amount of movement in the direction of flow and the differential equation of energy of the fluid,in order to obtain the average fluid velocity in the pipeline.El uso de ductos es una alternativa importante en el transporte de fluidos, siendo un problema común de ingeniería obtener lacaída (pérdida) de presión o transferencia de calor en el fluido. Para evaluar estos fenómenos, el número de Poiseuille (f ReDh) es de muchaimportancia. En el presente artículo, este número ha sido calculado para flujo laminar plenamente desarrollado en ductos de diferentes seccionestrasversales usando el software TRANSCAL, el cual ha sido desarrollado por el Laboratorio de Simulación Numérica en Mecánica de Fluidosy Transferencia de Calor – SINMEC-, de la Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina. En la implementación de los cálculos realizados en elsoftware, se introdujeron los parámetros utilizando la analogía entre la ecuación diferencial de cantidad de movimiento en la dirección del flujoy la ecuación diferencial de energía del fluido, con el objetivo de obtener la velocidad media del fluido en el ducto. &nbsp

Extended WKB method, resonances and supersymmetric radial barriers

Semiclassical approximations are implemented in the calculation of position and width of low energy resonances for radial barriers. The numerical integrations are delimited by t/T<<8, with t the period of a classical particle in the barrier trap and T the resonance lifetime. These energies are used in the construction of `haired' short range potentials as the supersymmetric partners of a given radial barrier. The new potentials could be useful in the study of the transient phenomena which give rise to the Moshinsky's diffraction in time.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, 3 table

Estrategia y gestión de la marca KM Florería

El proyecto "Estrategia y gestión de la marca KM Florería" tiene como objetivo principal darle mayor difusión a la florería, empleando un catálogo web para las distintas redes sociales y poder posicionarla en el mercado de la floristería, con diagnósticos, análisis, logística y estrategias para una mejor comercialización y brindar así un servicio excelente ya que sentimos que la empresa no está teniendo el crecimiento esperado. Para lograr este objetivo, se propone una estrategia integral que incluye la definición de una identidad visual y verbal coherente y atractiva, la implementación de acciones de marketing digital para aumentar la visibilidad ya se laborando fotografías y haciendo calendario de redes esta ayudará a la empresa en la captación de nuevos clientes, y la mejora de la experiencia de compra en la tienda en línea. Se trabajará en la optimización del catálogo de productos y servicios ofrecidos, y se propondrán promociones especiales y descuentos atractivos para fomentar la fidelización de los clientes. Se revisará con un experto en finanzas cualquier información financiera actual y se determinará si existe algún problema o área de mejora.Si es necesario, se recomendarán ajustes para que los registros sean precisos y confiables. También se establecerán procedimientos claros y precisos para la generación de informes financieros y se definirán los roles y responsabilidades de tendrá que ser dentro de la empresa. En definitiva, la implementación de este proyecto permitirá a KM Florería consolidar su presencia en el mercado de las flores y arreglos florales, mejorar su rentabilidad y fortalecer su relación con los clientes.ITESO, A.C

A Structural Parametrization of the Brain Using Hidden Markov Models Based Paths in Alzheimer's Disease

The usage of biomedical imaging in the diagnosis of dementia is increasingly widespread. A number of works explore the possibilities of computational techniques and algorithms in what is called Computed Aided Diagnosis. Our work presents an automatic parametrization of the brain structure by means of a path generation algorithm based on Hidden Markov Models. The path is traced using information of intensity and spatial orientation in each node, adapting to the structural changes of the brain. Each path is itself a useful way to extract features from the MRI image, being the intensity levels at each node the most straightforward. However, a further processing consisting of a modification of the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix can be used to characterize the textural changes that occur throughout the path, yielding more meaningful values that could be associated to the structural changes in Alzheimer's Disease, as well as providing a significant feature reduction. This methodology achieves high performance, up to 80.3\% of accuracy using a single path in differential diagnosis involving Alzheimer-affected subjects versus controls belonging to the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI).TIC218, MINECO TEC2008-02113 and TEC2012-34306 projects, Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo de la Junta de Andalucía P09-TIC-4530 and P11-TIC-71

Non-Hermitian SUSY Hydrogen-like Hamiltonians with real spectra

It is shown that the radial part of the Hydrogen Hamiltonian factorizes as the product of two not mutually adjoint first order differential operators plus a complex constant epsilon. The 1-susy approach is used to construct non-hermitian Hamiltonians with hydrogen spectra. Other non-hermitian Hamiltonians are shown to admit an extra `complex energy' at epsilon. New self-adjoint hydrogen-like Hamiltonians are also derived by using a 2-susy transformation with complex conjugate pairs epsilon, (c.c) epsilon.Comment: LaTeX2e file, 13 pages, 6 EPS figures. New references added. The present is a reorganized and simplified versio

Mutations related to Antiretroviral Resistance identified by ultra-deep sequencing in HIV-1 infected children under Structured Interruptions of HAART

Altres ajuts: CONACYT/GCPS/44519Although Structured Treatment Interruptions (STI) are currently not considered an alternative strategy for antiretroviral treatment, their true benefits and limitations have not been fully established. Some studies suggest the possibility of improving the quality of life of patients with this strategy; however, the information that has been obtained corresponds mostly to studies conducted in adults, with a lack of knowledge about its impact on children. Furthermore, mutations associated with antiretroviral resistance could be selected due to sub-therapeutic levels of HAART at each interruption period. Genotyping methods to determine the resistance profiles of the infecting viruses have become increasingly important for the management of patients under STI, thus low-abundance antiretroviral drug-resistant mutations (DRM's) at levels under limit of detection of conventional genotyping (<20% of quasispecies) could increase the risk of virologic failure. In this work, we analyzed the protease and reverse transcriptase regions of the pol gene by ultra-deep sequencing in pediatric patients under STI with the aim of determining the presence of high- and low-abundance DRM's in the viral rebounds generated by the STI. High-abundance mutations in protease and high- and low-abundance mutations in reverse transcriptase were detected but no one of these are directly associated with resistance to antiretroviral drugs. The results could suggest that the evaluated STI program is virologically safe, but strict and carefully planned studies, with greater numbers of patients and interruption/restart cycles, are still needed to evaluate the selection of DRM's during STI