¿Las lechuzas de campanario (Tyto alba) son estrictamente nocturnas? Cuidado parental de una hembra en cautiverio.

Se describen las actividades diurnas y nocturnas de una hembra de lechuza de campanario en cautiverio, con énfasis en la asignación de tiempo a sus actividades diurnas y nocturnas. Las observaciones se realizaron mediante la vídeo-grabación y posterior revisión de sus actividades al interior de una caja nido. La hembra presentó un patrón de actividades diurnas. Se discute el papel de disponibilidad de alimento y el número de polluelos producidos en este patrón

Future directions in conservation research on petrels and shearwaters

Shearwaters and petrels (hereafter petrels) are highly adapted seabirds that occur across all the world's oceans. Petrels are a threatened seabird group comprising 124 species. They have bet-hedging life histories typified by extended chick rearing periods, low fecundity, high adult survival, strong philopatry, monogamy and long-term mate fidelity and are thus vulnerable to change. Anthropogenic alterations on land and at sea have led to a poor conservation status of many petrels with 52 (42%) threatened species based on IUCN criteria and 65 (52%) suffering population declines. Some species are well-studied, even being used as bioindicators of ocean health, yet for others there are major knowledge gaps regarding their breeding grounds, migratory areas or other key aspects of their biology and ecology. We assembled 38 petrel conservation researchers to summarize information regarding the most important threats according to the IUCN Red List of threatened species to identify knowledge gaps that must be filled to improve conservation and management of petrels. We highlight research advances on the main threats for petrels (invasive species at breeding grounds, bycatch, overfishing, light pollution, climate change, and pollution). We propose an ambitious goal to reverse at least some of these six main threats, through active efforts such as restoring island habitats (e.g., invasive species removal, control and prevention), improving policies and regulations at global and regional levels, and engaging local communities in conservation efforts

The Biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: Estimates, Patterns, and Threats

The Mediterranean Sea is a marine biodiversity hot spot. Here we combined an extensive literature analysis with expert opinions to update publicly available estimates of major taxa in this marine ecosystem and to revise and update several species lists. We also assessed overall spatial and temporal patterns of species diversity and identified major changes and threats. Our results listed approximately 17,000 marine species occurring in the Mediterranean Sea. However, our estimates of marine diversity are still incomplete as yet—undescribed species will be added in the future. Diversity for microbes is substantially underestimated, and the deep-sea areas and portions of the southern and eastern region are still poorly known. In addition, the invasion of alien species is a crucial factor that will continue to change the biodiversity of the Mediterranean, mainly in its eastern basin that can spread rapidly northwards and westwards due to the warming of the Mediterranean Sea. Spatial patterns showed a general decrease in biodiversity from northwestern to southeastern regions following a gradient of production, with some exceptions and caution due to gaps in our knowledge of the biota along the southern and eastern rims. Biodiversity was also generally higher in coastal areas and continental shelves, and decreases with depth. Temporal trends indicated that overexploitation and habitat loss have been the main human drivers of historical changes in biodiversity. At present, habitat loss and degradation, followed by fishing impacts, pollution, climate change, eutrophication, and the establishment of alien species are the most important threats and affect the greatest number of taxonomic groups. All these impacts are expected to grow in importance in the future, especially climate change and habitat degradation. The spatial identification of hot spots highlighted the ecological importance of most of the western Mediterranean shelves (and in particular, the Strait of Gibraltar and the adjacent Alboran Sea), western African coast, the Adriatic, and the Aegean Sea, which show high concentrations of endangered, threatened, or vulnerable species. The Levantine Basin, severely impacted by the invasion of species, is endangered as well

Leiomioma perianal. Reporte de un caso

Perianal leiomyomas are neoplasms arising from mesenchymal cells distributed throughout the body. Histologically havebeen classified into three subtypes: vascular, nonvascular and epithelioid. The vascular subtype may be solid, cavernous orvenous. Leiomyomas are rare in adults, with an incidence of 0.1 %, usually within the fourth to sixth decade of life withfemale predominance if benign. The most frequent form of presentation is, near the anus and painless palpable nodule. Thediagnosis is made by histologic and immunohistochemical criteria also are useful endoanal ultrasound and MRI. Theresection is the first treatment option. Case of female patient aged 41 , who consulted for perianal nodule palpable right ,with tenderness , eight months duration , with normal levels of tumor markers is presented , ultrasound reveals perianalsolid right image hypochromic ( linear fibrous tissue), measured 4.82x 6.7x 6.87cm, MRI shows space occupying lesion inthe same location , without Color Doppler vascularity. Leiomyoma excision was performed in right ischiorectal fossa 4x6 cm. Histopathological study reported perianal leiomyoma epithelial In the present study a rare case of painful perianalleiomyoma is reported, explaining the clinical and histological characteristics.Los leiomiomas perianales son tumoraciones derivadas de células mesenquimales distribuidas por todo el cuerpo. Histológicamente se han clasificado en tres subtipos: vascular, no vascular y epiteloide. El subtipo vascular puede ser sólido,cavernoso o venoso. Los leiomiomas son raros en adultos, con incidencia de 0,1 %, generalmente se presentan entre lacuarta a sexta década de la vida con predominio en mujeres en caso de ser benignos. La forma de presentación másfrecuente es un nódulo palpable, próximo al ano e indoloro. El diagnóstico se realiza según criterios histológicos einmunohistoquímicos, además son útiles la ecografía endoanal y RMN. La exéresis es la primera opción terapéutica. Sepresenta caso de paciente femenino de 41 años de edad, quien consulta por presentar nódulo palpable perianal derecho,con dolor a la palpación, de ocho meses de evolución, con valores normales de marcadores tumorales, el ultrasonido revelaa nivel perianal derecho imagen sólida, hipocrómica (con tejido lineal fibroso), mide 4.82x 6.7x 6.87cm, la RMN muestralesión ocupante de espacio en la misma ubicación, Doppler Color sin vascularización. Se efectuó exéresis de leiomioma enfosa isquiorectal derecha de 4x6 cm. El estudio anatomopatológico reportó leiomioma perianal subtipo epitelial. En elpresente estudio se reporta un caso muy poco frecuente de leiomioma perianal doloroso, exponiendo las característicasclínicas e histológicas del mismo

Revisiting Perioperative Hair Removal Practices

The standard of practice for perioperative hair removal is largely based on research that is outdated and underpowered. Although there is evidence to support the practice of clipping instead of shaving, current recommendations are to remove hair only when absolutely necessary. Human hair is bacteria‐laden and challenging to disinfect, and clipping can be a safe method of hair removal that does not damage the skin. This article considers the removal of hair at the incision site with clippers, either before the patient enters the OR or in a manner that completely contains clipped hair, for every procedure, not just when absolutely necessary. There have been only two studies to date comparing clipping with no hair removal; more research is needed on this subject