ANTIBODIES AGAINST VESICULAR ESTOMATITIS VIRUS IN WHITE-LIPPED PECCARIES (TAYASSU PECARI) IN MADRE DE DIOS, PERU

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la presencia de anticuerpos neutralizantes contra los serotipos New Jersey (NJ) e Indiana subtipo 1 (IND-1) del virus Estomatitis Vesicular (VEV) en huanganas (Tayassu pecari) de vida libre de las localidades de Boca de Manu (n=30), Concesión para la Conservación Los Amigos (n=10) y La Reserva Nacional Tambopata/Parque Nacional Bahuaja Sonene (n=48) en el departamento de Madre de Dios. La presencia de anticuerpos contra el VEV fue determinado mediante la prueba de neutralización viral en las 88 muestras de suero de huanganas machos y hembras adultos de apariencia normal. El 53.4% (47/88) y 18.2% (16/88) de las muestras fue positiva a anticuerpos contra los serotipos IND-1 y NJ, respectivamente, en tanto que el 29.5 y el 2.3% de las muestras tuvieron anticuerpos neutralizantes igual o mayor a 1:32 contra los serotipos IND-1 y NJ, respectivamente. No hubo asociación significativa entre las variables presencia de anticuerpos contra el VEV y lugar de procedencia de las muestras.The aim of the study was to determine the presence of antibodies against New Jersey (NJ) and Indiana subtype 1 (IND-1) Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) in free-living white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) in three localities of Madre de Dios, Peru. The presence of antibodies against VSV by virus neutralization test was determined in 88 serum samples of adult male and females in apparent good health condition. Results showed that 53.4% (47/88) and 18.2% (16/88) of samples were positive to antibodies against serotypes IND-1 and NJ respectively, whereas 55.3 and 12.6% of the serum samples had neutralizing antibodies titers equal or greater than 1:32 against serotype IND-1 and NJ respectively. There was a no significant association between seropositivity of VSV and source of samples

Efecto de Cuatro Métodos de Separación Seminal sobre la Calidad y la Capacidad Fertilizante in vitro de Espermatozoides Equinos Criopreservados

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of four separation methods on seminal quality and in vitro fertilizing capacity of equine cryopreserved spermatozoa. Straws of equine cryopreserved semen were used for sperm separation through the Androcoll, CushionFluid, EquiPure and Percoll methods. A Sperm Class Analyzer (SCA®) system was used to determine total motility, progressive motility, curvilinear velocity, linear velocity and average speed. Also, intact acrosome and sperm vitality were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. In vitro fertilizing capacity was assessed by in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes with spermatozoa obtained by each separation method.Cleavage rates were determined after three days of in vitro culture. The results were analyzed using generalized linear models (GLM) and means of the four methods were compared using the Tukey test. The CushionFluid was superior for most parameters of sperm motility as well as for intact acrosome (p<0.05). Higher means of sperm vitality were obtained with EquiPure and Percoll (p<0.05), but no difference were found on cleavage rates between treatments. It was concluded that cryopreserved stallion semen selected by the CushionFluid method had better sperm quality compared to the other three methods; however no difference was evident between them for in vitro fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa.El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de cuatro métodos de separación seminal sobre la calidad y la capacidad fertilizante in vitro de espermatozoides equinos criopreservados. Se utilizaron pajillas de semen equino criopreservado para la separación espermática a través de los métodos Androcoll, CushionFluid, EquiPure y Percoll. Mediante un sistema analizador de clase (SCA®) se evaluó la motilidad total, motilidad progresiva, velocidad curvilínea, velocidad lineal y velocidad media, y por microscopía de fluorescencia se determinaron los acrosomas intactos y la vitalidad espermática. La evaluación de la capacidad fertilizante in vitro se realizó mediante la fertilización in vitro de oocitos bovinos con espermatozoides obtenidos en cada método de separación. El clivaje se determinó después de tres días de cultivo in vitro. Los resultados se analizaron mediante modelos lineales generalizados (GLM) y las medias para los diferentes métodos se compararon usando la prueba de Tukey. El CushionFluid fue superior para la mayoría de parámetros de movilidad espermática, así como para acrosomas intactos (p<0.05). Se encontraron medias superiores de vitalidad espermática para EquiPure y Percoll (p<0.05), pero no se encontró diferencia entre las medias de clivaje entre tratamientos. Se concluye que el semen equino criopreservado y seleccionado por el método CushionFluid presenta mejores parámetros de calidad espermática respecto a los otros tres métodos; sin embargo, no se evidencia diferencia entre ellos para la capacidad fertilizante in vitro de los espermatozoides

ORBIVIRUS INFECTION IN WHITE-LIPPED PECCARIES (TAYASSU PECARI) FROM MADRE DE DIOS REGION, PERU

El Perú posee el 13% de los bosques tropicales amazónicos con más de 460 especies de mamíferos, incluyendo el pecarí labiado o huangana (Tayassu pecari). Esta especie es de gran importancia ecológica y comercial, así como una importante fuente de proteína para la población amazónica; sin embargo, las informaciones sobre su estado sanitario son escasas. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar anticuerpos contra el virus de lengua azul (VLA) y otros Orbivirus en huanganas de vida libre de apariencia normal de tres localidades del departamento de Madre de Dios. Se evaluaron 106 muestras de suero para determinar los anticuerpos contra el VLA mediante un kit de ELISA de competición y contra otros Orbivirus mediante la prueba de inmunodifusión en gel de agar. El 7.5% (8/106) presentaron anticuerpos específicos contra el VLA y el 29.2% (31/106) contra VLA/otro Orbivirus. Anticuerpos contra el VLA y VLA/otro Orbivirus se hallaron en las tres localidades.Peru has 13% of the Amazonian tropical forest which contains over 460 species of mammals, including the white lipped peccary or huangana (Tayassu peccari). This species is of great ecological and commercial importance and a major source of protein for the local inhabitants; however, information about the sanitary situation of this species is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine antibodies against bluetongue virus (BTV) and other Orbivirus in free-living and healthy white lipped peccaries from the Madre de Dios region, Peru. One hundred and six serum samples were evaluated to determine antibodies against BTV by competitive ELISA and other Orbivirus by immunodiffusion agar gel test. Results showed that 7.5% (8/106) of the samples had antibodies against BTV and 29.2% (31/106) against BTV/other Orbivirus. Antibodies against BTV and other Orbivirus were detected in all three localities

Educational inequalities in obesity: a multilevel analysis of survey data from cities in Latin America

Abstract Using newly harmonised individual-level data on health and socio-economic environments in Latin American cities (from the Salud Urbana en América Latina (SALURBAL) study), we assessed the association between obesity and education levels and explored potential effect modification of this association by city-level socio-economic development. Design This cross-sectional study used survey data collected between 2002 and 2017. Absolute and relative educational inequalities in obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, derived from measured weight and height) were calculated first. Then, a two-level mixed-effects logistic regression was run to test for effect modification of the education–obesity association by city-level socio-economic development. All analyses were stratified by sex. Setting: One hundred seventy-six Latin American cities within eight countries (Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru). Results: Among women, 25 % were living with obesity and obesity was negatively associated with educational level (higher education–lower obesity) and this pattern was consistent across city-level socio-economic development. Among men, 18 % were living with obesity and there was a positive association between education and obesity (higher education–higher obesity) for men living in cities with lower levels of development, whereas for those living in cities with higher levels of development, the pattern was inverted and university education was protective of obesity. Conclusions: Among women, education was protective of obesity regardless, whereas among men, it was only protective in cities with higher levels of development. These divergent results suggest the need for sex- and city-specific interventions to reduce obesity prevalence and inequalities

Perspectivas de la empresa y la economía mexicana frente a la reestructuración productiva

1 archivo PDF (404 páginas)Este texto se presenta una reflexión de investigadores de la UAM, así como de otras Instituciones de Educación Superior respecto al marco en el que se han desenvuelto las empresas mexicanas en los últimos años, así como del desarrollo en algunos de sus sistemas organizacionales. PALABRAS CLAVE: Mexico Economic policy 1970-1994

Cruise Summary Report - MEDWAVES survey. MEDiterranean out flow WAter and Vulnerable EcosystemS (MEDWAVES)

The MEDWAVES (MEDiterranean out flow WAter and Vulnerable EcosystemS) cruise targeted areas under the potential influence of the MOW within the Mediterranean and Atlantic realms. These include seamounts where Cold-water corals (CWCs) have been reported but that are still poorly known, and which may act as essential “stepping stones” connecting fauna of seamounts in the Mediterranean with those of the continental shelf of Portugal, the Azores and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. During MEDWAVES sampling has been conducted in two of the case studies of ATLAS: Case study 7 (Gulf of Cádiz-Strait of Gibraltar-Alboran Sea) and Case study 8 (Azores). The initially targeted areas in the Atlantic were: the Gazul Mud volcano, in the Gulf of Cádiz (GoC) area, included in the case study 7, and the Atlantic seamounts Ormonde (Portuguese shelf) and Formigas (by Azores), both part of the case study 8. In the Mediterranean the targeted areas were The Guadiaro submarine canyon and the Seco de los Olivos (also known as Chella Bank) seamount. Unfortunately it was not possible to sample in Guadiaro due to time constraints originated by adverse meteorological conditions which obligate us to reduce the time at sea focusing only in 4 of the 5 initially planned areas. MEDWAVES was structured in two legs; the first leg took place from the 21st September (departure from Cádiz harbour in Spain) to the 13th October 2016 (arrival in Ponta Delgada, São Miguel, Azores, Portugal took place the 8th of October due to the meteorological conditions that obligated to conclude the first leg earlier as planned). during the Leg 1 sampling was carried out in Gazul, Ormonde and Formigas. The second leg started the 14th October (departure from Ponta Delgada) and finished the 26th October (arrival in Málaga harbour, Spain). MEDWAVES had a total of 30 effective sampling days, being 6 days not operative due to the adverse meteorological conditions experienced during the first leg which forced us to stay in Ponta Delgada from the 08th to the 13th October. During MEDWAVES the daily routine followed a similar scheme, depending of course on the weather and sea conditions. The main activity during the day, starting early in the morning (around 08:00 AM, once the night activities were finished), was the ROV deployment. Generally a single ROV dive of around 8 hours was performed, however in several occasions two dives were carried out in the same day (see General station list, Appendix II). After the ROV (and sometimes between two dives) the Box Corer and/or Van Veen Grab and/or Multicore was deployed. After these activities, during the night CTD-Rosette deployments and MB was conducted. Accordingly to this schema the scientific personnel worked in the day or in the night watch. A total of 215 sampling stations have been covered in MEDWAVES, using the following sampling gears: Multibeam echosounder, CTD-Rosette, LADCP, Box Corer, Van Veen Grab, Multicorer and a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV). Table 1 sumamrised the number of sampling stations conducted with each gear in each sampling zone. Additionally MB surveys have been conducted during the transits between area

POR UNA CULTURA DE PAZ: UNA MIRADA DESDE LAS CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA

En
 virtud
 de
 lo
 anterior,
 los
 estudiosos
 de
 las
 ciencias
 de
 la
 conducta
 
de
 la
 Universidad
Autónoma 
del
 Estado 
de 
México,

ante 
la
persistencia
 y 
proliferación
 de
 estos 
hechos
 en
 diversas
 partes
 del
Mundo
 y
 de
 nuestro 
país 
en 
particular, se
 convocó
 a
 los
 estudiosos
 interesados
 y
 a
 la
 sociedad
 en
 general
 a
 presentar
 trabajos
 para
 analizar,
 debatir
 y
 proponer
 estrategias
 de
 acción
 y
 dirección,
 que
 fortalezcan
 una
 convivencia y bienestar con sentido humanista para una cultura de paz. El
 presente
 texto
 es
 producto
 de 
esta convocatoria 
que
 recoge 
los
trabajos 
de 

los
 interesados 
en 
la
 temática,

 de
 diferentes 
países
(España,
Argentina,
Cuba,
Brasil,
Costa
 Rica
 y
 México)
 retomando
 con
 ello
 sus
 experiencias
 relativas
 al
 estudio,
 análisis,
 comprensión
 e
 instrumentación
 de
 la
 cultura
 de
 paz
 en
 los
 distintos
 ámbitos
 institucionales
 en
 los
 que
 participan:
 educativo,
 salud,
 penitenciario,
 social,
laboral,
familia,
alimentario,
psicológico,
por 
mencionar 
algunos.
 El
 presente
 libro,
 propicia
 un
 espacio
 de
 reflexión,
 diálogo
 y
 posicionamiento
 de
 las 
ciencias 
de 
la 
conducta
 para 
la 
apropiación,
análisis,
debate
 y 
propuestas 
que
 fortalezcan 
una
 cultura
 de 
paz
 a
través
 de 
la
 convivencia 
y
 el 
bienestar
 social 
con
 sentido 
humanista.
El
 sistema 
económico
 neoliberal
 y 
el 
proceso
 de 
globalización 
han
 contribuido
al
 logro
 de
 avances
 significativos
 en
 la
 ciencia
 y
 la
 tecnología,
 pero
 también
 han
 propiciado
 la
 polarización
 de
 las
 sociedades
 lo
 que
 ha
 impactado
 de
 manera
 negativa
 a
 la
 sociedad
 en
 su
 conjunto,
 pero
 en
 mayor
 medida
 a
 los grupos
 vulnerables. Dicha
 polarización
 ha
 traído
 consigo
 un
 desarrollo
 desigual
 del
 mundo
 que
 se
 expresa
 de
 diferentes
 maneras
 tanto
 en
 países
 desarrollados
 como
 en
 los
 llamados
 del
 tercer
 mundo,
 en
 donde
 no
 están
 satisfechas
 las
 necesidades
 humanas 
elementales
 de
 todos 
los
sectores 
de 
la 
población,
siempre 
falta 
algo. 
Si 
a
 esto 
le
 sumamos 
los
conflictos
 internacionales por
 diferentes
 motivos
 que
 enfrentan
 algunas
 naciones,
 una
 insuficiente
 cobertura
 educativa
 y
 de
 salud,

 desempleo
 y
 pobreza 
extrema,
 entre 
otras
 cosas; 
estamos
 frente
 a
retos 
de
 gran
 envergadura
 para
 los
 gobiernos,
 para
 los
 estudiosos
 y
 para
 la
 sociedad
 civil
 en
 general. Uno 
de 
los
 intentos
 para
 frenar 
y prevenir 
la
 agudización
 de 
estas 
problemáticas
 es
 la
 cultura 
de 
paz,
cuyo
 estudio
y propuestas 
han 
ido 
avanzando 
en 
diferentes
 sentidos 
y 
de 
manera 
favorable,
el 
tema 
está 
presente 
en 
diferentes 
Organismos
 Internacionales
 como
 la
 ONU,
 la
 UNESCO,
 la
 OCDE,
 El
 Banco
 Mundial,
 entre
 otros.
 Pero
 falta 
mucho 
por 
hacer.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

una mirada desde las Ciencias de la Conducta

Este libro es el resultado de los trabajos presentados en el 1er Congreso Internacional "Convivencia y bienestar con sentido humanista para una cultura de paz"