Amiloidosis renal versus nefropatía diabética, a propósito del método clínico. Presentación de una paciente

The case of a female patient in the sixth decade of life suffering from type 2 diabetes with five years of evolution, controlled by diet and a low dose oral hypoglycaemic, and presenting with a nephrotic syndrome is reported. In the clinical examination, and while assessing the results of the diagnostic procedures performed, it found that the patient did not to meet the criteria for a diabetic nephropathy. With these elements, and no presence of any disease process to justify the nephrotic syndrome, the clinical discussion was oriented towards the possibility of primary or secondary glomerular disease, versus diabetic nephropathy. It was proposed performing a renal biopsy to establish the diagnosis, which was: renal amyloidosis with a minimal mesangial pattern class II, this approach allowed the clarification of a questionable or inconclusive clinical statement.Se presenta una paciente de la sexta década de la vida que padece diabetes -tipo 2- de cinco años de evolución, que está controlada con dieta y con hipoglucemiante oral a baja dosis y que debutó con un síndrome nefrótico. En la evaluación clínica, y al valorar los resultados de los procedimientos diagnósticos efectuados, se constató que no reunía los criterios que incluye la nefropatía diabética. Con tales elementos, al no precisar estigmas de algún proceso morboso que justificara el síndrome nefrótico, la discusión clínica se orientó hacia la posibilidad de una enfermedad glomerular, primitiva o secundaria, versus nefropatía diabética. Se propuso realizar una biopsia renal para establecer el diagnóstico de certeza, que resultó: amiloidosis renal con patrón mesangial mínimo clase II; esto permitió esclarecer un planteamiento clínico discutible o no concluyente

Chalcones, a Privileged Scaffold: Highly Versatile Molecules in [4+2] Cycloadditions

Este documento es una revisión sobre el uso de las chalcones como bloques de construcción en la síntesis de moléculas complejas, vía una cicloadición [4+2] de Diels-AlderChalcones are aromatic ketones found in nature as the central core of many biological compounds. They have a wide range of biological activity and are biogenetic precursors of other important molecules such as flavonoids. Their pharmacological relevance makes them a privileged scaffold, advantageous for seeking alternative therapies in medicinal chemistry. Due to their structural diversity and ease of synthesis, they are often employed as building blocks for chemical transformations. Chalcones have a carbonyl conjugated system with two electrophilic centers that are commonly used for nucleophilic additions, as described in numerous articles. They can also participate in Diels-Alder reactions, which are [4+2] cycloadditions between a diene and a dienophile. This microreview presents a chronological survey of studies on chalcones as dienes and dienophiles in Diels-Alder cycloadditions. Although these reactions occur in nature, isolation of chalcones from plants yields very small quantities. Contrarily, synthesis leads to large quantities at a low cost. Hence, novel methodologies have been developed for [4+2] cycloadditions, with chalcones serving as a 2π or 4π electron system.Secretaría de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados de la UAEMex. CONACYT PRODEP DAIP, Universidad de Guanajuat

Las cláusulas abusivas y sus efectos en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano

La legislación sobre cláusulas abusivas, dispuesta para restablecer el equilibrio contractual ante asimetrías en las relaciones negociales, se ha concebido en Colombia desde dos perspectivas o regímenes distintos en atención al sujeto cuyos intereses se protegen. En ese sentido se distingue un régimen general, compuesto por el ordenamiento jurídico en consonancia con los principios generales del derecho y las reglas de interpretación contractual, que propende por salvaguardar los intereses de las partes involucradas en cualquier contrato, con independencia de la naturaleza de la actividad económica de que se trate; y un régimen especial, integrado por las normas específicas de protección a los consumidores, cuya aplicación dependerá de la cualificación (de consumidor) del sujeto protegido. El efecto jurídico ante la inclusión de cláusulas abusivas en el tenor de los contratos varía según el régimen a aplicar puesto que el legislador se ha ocupado de proveer un marco normativo proteccionista en lo referente a las relaciones de consumo (Régimen especial), contemplando como sanción la ineficacia de pleno derecho, mientras que en el régimen general es necesario acudir a la jurisdicción para que se declare la nulidad.The legislation on unfair terms, which aims to re-establish the contractual balance created by asymmetries in business relations, has been conceived in Colombia from two different systems in attention to the subject whose interests are protected. The first system, a general system comprised of the general principles of law and the rules of contractual interpretation, which has the purpose to protect the interest of the parties involved in any contract, irrespective of the nature of the economic activities in which those parties are involved in; and special system integrated by the specific rules of consumer protection, which application will depend on the consumer qualification of the protected subject. The legal effect in relation to the inclusion of unfair terms regulation in contractual provisions varies according to the regime to be applied, provided that the legislation has been concerned with providing a protectionist regulatory framework in relation to consumer relations (special system) contemplating as a sanction the ineffectiveness de iure, while in general regimen it is necessary to go to court for the declaration of nullity.Especialista en Derecho ComercialEspecializació

Impact of an educational intervention on pregnant women with respect to their selfcare

Normal pregnancy is the physiological state of the woman that begins with fertilization and ends with the process of birth and birth with physiological changes present, however, there may be complications that seriously affect the binomial; Self-care refers to the human capacity of individuals to perform actions, whose purpose is to take care of themselves and others. Objective. The objective was to establish the state of the art to detect the effectiveness of an educational intervention to modify the level of knowledge and self-care capacity in pregnant women. Methodology. A review was made of 19 articles with data search in the network such as: Google academic, SciELO, nursing journals, Dialnet, Medigraphic, repositories, master catalog, scientific medical journal among others; using keywords, such as self-care, level of knowledge, pregnancy and educational intervention. Conclusion. The knowledge of self-care in pregnancy is a priority for the mother and the product since it positively impacts the morbidity and mortality rates of both, this allows to reduce complications in the state of health. Otherwise, the result would be definitely negative

Evaluación de la actividad fotocatalítica de compósitos ZnS-rGO

En este trabajo se reporta la obtención de compósitos ZnS-rGO mediante la precipitación de partículas de sulfuro de zinc dentro de dispersiones acuosas previamente obtenidas de óxido de grafeno reducido. Las partículas de ZnS y los compósitos ZnS-rGO fueron caracterizados por difracción de rayos X, espectroscopia Uv-Vis, microscopía electrónica de barrido y análisis de área superficial. Se estudió la actividad fotocatalítica del compósito al degradar soluciones acuosas de rodamina B irradiado con luz Xenón, observándose una disminución en el tiempo de vida media de reacción del contaminante orgánico, de 270 hasta 147min, comparado con las partículas de ZnS pura

EL IMPACTO DE LAS ESTRATEGIAS DOCENTES EN EL RENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO DE ALUMNOS DE ISC EN EL INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE CELAYA

ResumenLas estrategias docentes son los componentes más dinámicos del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, pues están basados en las acciones que realizan los profesores y estudiantes mejorando así el rendimiento académico de estos, las que a su vez comprende una serie de operaciones dirigida a lograr los objetivos propuestos en este proceso. Conocer cuáles son las estrategias docentes, con qué frecuencia son aplicadas y que profesores hacen uso correcto de ellas, puede intervenir en gran medida con el aprendizaje adquirido de los estudiantes de la carrera de Ingeniería en Sistemas Comunicacionales en el Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya, y en la calidad de dicho aprendizaje. El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer al lector las principales estrategias docentes, como son aplicadas, y que tanto pueden llegar a afectar el proceso de aprendizaje del alumno, así como saber si los alumnos que reprueban una materia es debido a la falta de estas en el profesor.Palabras Clave: adquirido, aprendizaje, docente, enseñanza, estrategia. AbstractTeaching strategies are the most dynamic components of the teaching-learning, because they are based on the actions performed by teachers and students improving academic of these performance, which in turn comprises a series of operations aimed at achieving the objectives proposed in this process. Know what are the teaching strategies, how often are applied and that teachers make proper use of them, you can intervene largely acquired learning student of Engineering in communication systems in the Technological Institute of Celaya, and the quality of that learning. The aim of this article is to inform the reader of the main teaching strategies, as they are applied, and that both can affect the process of student learning, and whether students who fail a subject is due to lack of these on the teacher.Keywords: acquired, learning, teacher, teaching, strategy

Synthesis of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzoxazol-2-ones by a highly regioselective Diels-Alder cycloaddition of exo-oxazolidin-2-one dienes with chalcones

En este trabajo se describe la reactividad química de derivados de chalconas y dienos exo heterocíclicos, obteniéndose una serie de compuestos los cuales fueron caracterizados y rigurosamente identificados, demostrando de esta manera la conducta de estas moléculas en ambientes controlados.The synthesis of novel of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzoxazol-2-ones is herein reported. They were obtained in moderate to good yields by a highly regio- and stereoselective Diels-Alder cycloaddition of N-substituted exo-oxazolidin-2-one dienes with chalcones or bis-chalcones as dienophilesSecretaría de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

Visualizing disintegration of 3D printed tablets in humans using MRI and comparison with in vitro data

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is revolutionising the way that medicines are manufactured today, paving the way towards more personalised medicine. However, there is limited in vivo data on 3D printed dosage forms, and no studies to date have been performed investigating the intestinal behaviour of these drug products in humans, hindering the complete translation of 3D printed medications into clinical practice. Furthermore, it is unknown whether conventional in vitro release tests can accurately predict the in vivo performance of 3D printed formulations in humans. In this study, selective laser sintering (SLS) 3D printing technology has been used to produce two placebo torus-shaped tablets (printlets) using different laser scanning speeds. The printlets were administered to 6 human volunteers, and in vivo disintegration times were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In vitro disintegration tests were performed using a standard USP disintegration apparatus, as well as an alternative method based on the use of reduced media volume and minimal agitation. Printlets fabricated at a laser scanning speed of 90 mm/s exhibited an average in vitro disintegration time of 7.2 ± 1 min (measured using the USP apparatus) and 25.5 ± 4.1 min (measured using the alternative method). In contrast, printlets manufactured at a higher laser scanning speed of 130 mm/s had an in vitro disintegration time of 2.8 ± 0.8 min (USP apparatus) and 18.8 ± 1.9 min (alternative method). When tested in humans, printlets fabricated at a laser scanning speed of 90 mm/s showed an average disintegration time of 17.3 ± 7.2 min, while those manufactured at a laser scanning speed of 130 mm/s exhibited a shorter disintegration time of 12.7 ± 6.8 min. Although the disintegration times obtained using the alternative method more closely resembled those obtained in vivo, no clear correlation was observed between the in vitro and in vivo disintegration times, highlighting the need to develop better in vitro methodology for 3D printed drug products

MicroRNAs Sequencing for Understanding the Genetic Regulation of Plant Genomes

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs that play important regulatory roles in animals and plants by targeting mRNAs for cleavage or translational repression. Small RNAs are classified into different types by their biogenesis and mode of action, such as miRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, and snoRNAs. In the case of miRNAs, this specific type regulates gene expression in plants and animals by targeting mRNAs for cleavage and translational repression, respectively. Diverse miRNAs regulate plant development, metabolism, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The identification of miRNAs has been accomplished in diverse species, organs and developmental or diverse biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Novel massive sequencing techniques and further bioinformatics analysis have allowed the identification of hundreds of miRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Malus domestica, Zea mays, Solanum lycopersicum, and other plants. Functional characterization of a given miRNA in a specific biological context has shown their role in the fine-tuning mechanisms of posttranscriptional gene regulation. In this chapter, besides making a summary of genome-wide miRNA profiling in plants, we describe how gain and loss of function approaches influence plant phenotypes that affect development, physiology or stress responses, pointing to miRNAs as effective tools for the generation of new plant phenotypes that improve plant productivity and conservation