Analysis of financial liberalization in Indonesia: SVAR approach

Objective: to analyze the impact of the financial liberalization policy on the macroeconomic stability of the Indonesian economy.Methods: retrospective and econometric analysis.Results: the article updates the issues of financial liberalization policy in Indonesia. In particular, the stages of lifting currency restrictions in Indonesia are considered. The main attention is paid to the financial and economic crises taking place in Indonesia, in which financial openness is one of the reasons for the deterioration of the economic situation inside the country. The measures taken by the government to restrict the cross-border capital flows in response to the crisis are considered. The characteristic of the accompanying economic policy of Indonesia under the conditions of financial openness is given. The SVAR econometric model was applied to assess the impact of financial liberalization on the macroeconomic situation of the country. It showed that this process has a negative impact on the Indonesian economy. But the macroeconomic state of Indonesia depends not only on financial integration, but on a number of other internal macroeconomic factors that change under the influence of the national economic policy.Scientific novelty: the article systematizes the experience of financial liberalization policy in Indonesia, and develops the SVAR econometric model, which shows the importance of the financial integration process for macroeconomic indicators.Practical significance: The reviewed experience of financial liberalization in Indonesia shows the importance of currency regulation for developing countries and the risks arising in the course of policies to strengthen financial openness. The presented SVAR model provides an opportunity to study the impact of financial liberalization on the macroeconomic indicators of countries

Experimental and theoretical investigations of the near-ground propagation of acoustic radiation in the atmosphere

Near-ground propagation of monochromatic acoustic radiation at frequencies of 300, 1000, 2000, and 3150 Hz along atmospheric paths up to 100 m long is investigated experimentally and theoretically depending on altitudes of the acoustic source and receiver. The experiment was carried out at the experimental site of the Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems (IMCES) using a specially developed setup. The dependence of the recorded sound pressure level on the propagation path length and initial signal power is analyzed. The theoretical analysis is performed by the Monte Carlo method using the local estimation algorithm developed by the authors. The comparison of the experimental and theoretical results shows their satisfactory agreement, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and its applicability to predicting the near-ground sound propagation

Effective attraction between oscillating electrons in a plasmoid via acoustic waves exchange

We consider the effective interaction between electrons due to the exchange of virtual acoustic waves in a low temperature plasma. Electrons are supposed to participate in rapid radial oscillations forming a spherically symmetric plasma structure. We show that under certain conditions this effective interaction can result in the attraction between oscillating electrons and can be important for the dynamics of a plasmoid. Some possible applications of the obtained results to the theory of natural long-lived plasma structures are also discussed.Comment: 14 pages in LaTeX2e, two columns, 3 eps figures; minimal changes, some typos are corrected; version published on-line in Proc. R. Soc.

Determination of Lightning Currents from Far Electromagnetic Fields: Effect of a Strike Object

We discuss in this paper the influence of the presence of an elevated strike object on the peak of the lightning return stroke current determined from remote field measurements. We develop analytical expressions relating the lightning return stroke channel-base current and the far electromagnetic field for different specific cases, namely, (1) ground-initiated return strokes (classical transmission line (TL) model), (2) ground-initiated return strokes including possible reflections at ground level, (3) tall strike objects for which the current's zero-to-peak time is smaller than the travel time along the object, and (4) electrically short strike objects. It is shown that for tall structures, the field enhancement relative to a return stroke initiated at ground level is expressed through a factor equal to ktall = [1 + c / v (1 - 2 ρt)] / (1 - ρt), where v and c are the return stroke front speed and the speed of light in vacuum, respectively, and ρt is the top reflection coefficient. For very short towers and/or very slow return stroke current wavefronts, when the condition tf very much greater than h / c applies, expressions relating the far electromagnetic field and the return stroke current were also derived. For case (2), return strokes initiated at ground level, the field enhancement relative to a return stroke initiated at ground level, case (1), is expressed through a factor equal to kshort = (1 + (c / v) ρch - g) / (1 + ρch - g), where ρch-g represents the reflection coefficient between the lightning channel and the grounding impedance

Creation of innovative concepts in Aerospace based on the Morphological Approach

The development of innovative aircraft configurations can be an important contribution to achieve the emission reduction goals set for the aviation industry. However, current common aircraft conceptual design processes only allow the consideration of a limited number of initial configurations thus leaving possibly more efficient solutions out of scope. A significantly wider range of aircraft configurations can be taken into account by applying the Morphological Analysis. After a brief presentation of its historical background and actual applications in other domains, this article focuses on the use of this method and its benefits in aerospace. The summary and comparison of several applications in the field of aircraft design show that these still require a higher level of formalisation and robustness. For this purpose, the main steps required to integrate morphological analysis into the aircraft conceptual design phase based on the Advanced Morphological Approach are identified. These are the definition of the morphological matrix along with the evaluation criteria, the obtaining of option evaluations, filtering the impossible solutions and exploration of the solution space.DFG, 443831887, Konzeptentwurf und -modellierung komplexer energieeffizienter Flugsysteme unter Nutzung eines fortschrittlichen morphologischen Ansatze

СЕЛЕКТИВНОЕ ПОТЕНЦИОМЕТРИЧЕСКОЕ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ СЕРЕБРА В ОЛОВЯННЫХ И ОЛОВЯННО-СВИНЦОВЫХ ПРИПОЯХ С ИНДИКАТОРНЫМ МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫМ УГОЛЬНО-ПАСТОВЫМ ЭЛЕКТРОДОМ

The carbon paste electrodes (CPE) in various degree modified by crosslinked N-2-sulfoehylchitosan with substitution degree of 0.5 are for the first time created. The CPE main electrochemical properties as potentiometric sensors for silver (I) determination (slope, detection limit, linear range of electrode function) are studied. It is shown that all studied CPE in ammonium acetate buffer solution have the super-Nernstian slopes. It is established that ion-selective electrode with a 10 % content of modifier has the lowest detection limit of copper (II) and silver (I), equal 3.2∙10-7 mol/dm3 and 6.3∙10‑8 mol/dm3, respectively. For this sensor a response time and potentiometric selectivity coefficients are defined. Negative logarithms of the selectivity coefficients defined with respect to nickel (II), cobalt (II), lead (II), copper (II), calcium, zinc, strontium, sodium and potassium ions, are equal 4.64, 4.40, 4.38, 4.11, 3.16, 3.06, 4.41, 3.04 and 3.04, respectively. The measurement technique of a silver mass content in solders tin and tin-lead by a potentiometric titration method with use as indicator CPE with the 10 % modifier content is developed. The characteristics of the measurement error are determined, certification is carried out.Keywords: potentiometric titration, modified carbon paste electrodes, silver, N-2-sulfoethylchitosan, tin and tin-lead solders.(Russian)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2014.18.3.008 L.K. Neudachina, Iu.S. Petrova, D.A. Rakov Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education «Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N.Yeltsin», Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation Впервые созданы угольно-пастовые электроды (УПЭ), в различной степени модифицированные сшитым глутаровым альдегидом N-2-сульфоэтилхитозаном со степенью замещения атомов водорода аминогруппы 0.5 (СЭХ 0.5). Изучены основные электрохимические свойства УПЭ как потенциометрических сенсоров для определения меди (II) и серебра (I) (предел обнаружения, крутизна, диапазон линейности электродной функции). Показано, что все исследуемые УПЭ в аммиачно-ацетатном буферном растворе обладают сверхнернстовской крутизной электродной функции. Установлено, что наименьшим пределом обнаружения меди (II) и серебра (I), равным 3.2∙10-7 моль/дм3 и 6.3∙10-8 моль/дм3, соответственно, обладает ионоселективный электрод с 10 % содержанием модификатора. Для данного сенсора определены время отклика на ионы серебра (I) и коэффициенты потенциометрической селективности. Отрицательные логарифмы коэффициентов селективности, определенных по отношению к ионам никеля (II), кобальта (II), свинца (II), меди (II), кальция, цинка, стронция, натрия и калия, составили 4.64, 4.40, 4.38, 4.11, 3.16, 3.06, 4.41, 3.04 и 3.04 соответственно. Разработана методика измерений массовой доли серебра в припоях оловянных и оловянно-свинцовых методом потенциометрического титрования с использованием в качестве индикаторного УПЭ с 10%-ным содержанием СЭХ 0.5. Определены характеристики погрешности измерений по данной методике, проведена ее аттестация.Ключевые слова: потенциометрическое титрование, модифицированные угольно-пастовые электроды, серебро, N-2-сульфоэтилхитозан, оловянные и оловянно-свинцовые припои.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2014.18.3.008

a comparison between analytical solutions for lightning induced voltages calculation

An exact closed form solution for the calculation of lightning-induced voltages on overhead lines has been recently proposed by A. Andreotti et al. (2012). Predictions of this exact formulation are compared here to those based on approximate analytical solutions proposed in the literature. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.20.5.296

Room temperature coexistence of large electric polarization and magnetic order in BiFeO3 single crystals

From an experimental point of view, room temperature ferroelectricity in BiFeO3 is raising many questions. Electric measurements made a long time ago on solid-solutions of BiFeO3 with Pb(Ti,Zr)O3 indicate that a spontaneous electric polarization exists in BiFeO3 below the Curie temperature TC=1143K. Yet in most reported works, the synthesised samples are too conductive at room temperature to get a clear polarization loop in the bulk without any effects of extrinsic physical or chemical parameters. Surprisingly, up to now there has been no report of a P(E) (polarization versus electric field) loop at room temperature on single crystals of BiFeO3. We describe here our procedure to synthesize ceramics and to grow good quality sizeable single crystals by a flux method. We demonstrate that BiFeO3 is indeed ferroelectric at room-temperature through evidence by Piezoresponse Force Microscopy and P(E) loops. The polarization is found to be large, around 60 microC/cm2, a value that has only been reached in thin films. Magnetic measurements using a SQUID magnetometer and Mossbauer spectroscopy are also presented. The latter confirms the results of NMR measurements concerning the anisotropy of the hyperfine field attributed to the magnetic cycloidal structure.Comment: 27 pages, 12 figure

Рейтинги устойчивого развития как инструмент оценки социально-экономических трансформаций в регионах РФ

Purpose: of this article is to develop a methodology for assessing the degree of achievement of sustainable development by Russian regions based on a combination of basic universal indicators in a given time interval.Methods: the article is based on the use of statistical methods to build a sustainable development rating of the regions of the Russian Federation in the context of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) for the period 2018–2020, based on three blocks – economic, social and environmental.Results: the authors of the article proposed and applied the universal methodology for compiling a rating of sustainable development of Russian regions within the economic, social and environmental blocks. For each subject of the Federation, the dynamics of the rating for the period under review was calculated and analyzed.Conclusions and Relevance: the approach proposed in the article makes it possible to identify regions-leaders and regions that systematically lag behind in terms of achieving the SDGs, as well as to identify regions that show a steady increase (decrease) in ratings for SDG indicators. The proposed algorithm for assessing the degree of achievement of sustainable development parameters can be used to identify trends in the development of Russian regions, identify factors and mechanisms that determine the opportunities and conditions for achieving the SDGs by Russian regions, and is an effective tool for regional policy in the field of achieving sustainable development. The results of the study make it possible to develop and improve the system for managing the socio-economic development of Russian regions, develop strategies and guidelines for their development in various time frames, and therefore may be of interest to managers at the federal, regional and municipal levels.Цель данной статьи состоит в разработке методики оценки степени достижения регионами России устойчивого развития на основе комбинации базовых универсальных показателей в заданном временном интервале.Методы. Представленная работа основана на использовании статистических методов для построения рейтинга устойчивого развития регионов Российской Федерации в контексте целей устойчивого развития (ЦУР) за период 2018–2020 гг., опирающихся на три блока – экономический, социальный и экологический.Результаты работы. Авторами статьи предложена и применена универсальная методика по составлению рейтинга устойчивого развития регионов России в рамках экономического, социального и экологического блоков. Для каждого субъекта Федерации рассчитана и проанализирована динамика рейтинга за рассматриваемый период.Выводы. Предложенный в статье авторский подход позволяет выявлять регионы-лидеры и регионы, имеющие систематическое отставание по показателям достижения целей устойчивого развития, а также определять регионы, демонстрирующие устойчивый рост (снижение) рейтингов по показателям ЦУР. Представленный алгоритм оценки степени достижения параметров устойчивого развития может быть использован для выявления тенденций в развитии российских регионов, идентификации факторов и механизмов, определяющих возможности и условия достижения ЦУР российскими регионами, и является эффективным инструментом региональной политики в сфере достижения устойчивого развития. Результаты исследования содействуют совершенствованию системы управления социально-экономическим развитием регионов Российской Федерации, позволяют разрабатывать стратегии и ориентиры их развития в различных временных рамках, поэтому могут представлять интерес для управленцев федерального, регионального и муниципального уровней