Sustainable Resources and Sustainable Development

The concept of sustainability has become the current answer to absolving the world of its in the 21th centuries .since it is conceptualization, there has been a barrage of investigation and literature on the vagueness and ambiguity of its definition and applicability. There are two main opposing school of thought the pessimists, usually ecologist  and other scientist Who are equally convinced that the earth cannot support the world demand of renewal resources on the other side are the optimist the economist  who are equally convinced that the earth with market incentives, appropriate  public policy, material substation, recycling and new technology can satisfy the renewed and improve the quality of human welfare, of this and following generation indefinitely. Both view and supporting argument are explored in context of sustainable development. with  empirical evidence of ecosystem  evolution and resources maintenances  sustainable resources use is basically dependent on the outcome of cost increasing effect of depletion and cost reducing  effect of new technology .sustainability is therefore seen a dynamic concept based on attitude and flexibility not a final solution to utopia on earth

Community Response, Preparedness and Disaster Risk-Reduction A Case Study of Manipur Floods 2015

The flood of 2015 affected entire Thoubal district and parts of Chandel district in Manipur state of India. According to the government reports, nearly 600 square kilometers of area with over 500,000 populations were affected in the Thoubal and Chandel districts. Majority of the population in the flood affected area are farmers, whose paddy crop cultivation was destroyed and it also affected crop production for the next year due to acute shortage of seeds. Fisheries farms got submerged and people lost livelihood opportunities. Animal life also suffered due to inundation of inhabited plain areas for several days. The market and shops were closed and many were submerged for at least one week. Since it was the season for agricultural plantation, the farmers also suffered from food security for the entire season. The present study examines causes and consequences that lead to the worst floods of July- August 2015 in the plains of Manipur state. The paper also examines the level of local community response towards prevention and preparedness and disaster risk-reduction. The study indicates the lack of protective and preparedness measures, while dealing with such magnitude of floods hazard

Insulin is Essential: The National List of Essential Medicines, India, 2022

Editoria

Prostate cancer: emerging pharmacotherapeutic modalities

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in the world due to factors like old age, family history, ethnicity, diet and some elements exposure, with lot of controversies regarding prevention of prostate cancer. Though the exact pathogenesis is not clear, epidemiological evidence supports a relationship between prostate cancer and hormone levels. In this review article we are focusing on the advances in different pharmacotherapeutic modalities i.e. Chemoprevention, Prostate-Specific Antigen, Hormone Therapy, Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, SERM, Vaccines, Cryotherapy, Watchful Waiting, Radiotherapy and Androgen Deprivation Therapy etc. and new possibilities with strategies to provide maximal benefits while effectively balancing risks for the prostate cancer treatment

Screening and evaluation of phenol utilization and growth in Acinetobacter baumannii W29 of wastewater

Phenols are ubiquitous pollutants, mainly from industrial effluent, causing pollution of natural water resources. The research focused on screening efficient phenol-degrading bacteria and kinetic modelling of phenol biodegradation and growth. Membrane filtration was used for the isolation of bacteria from the wastewater sample. The screening of phenol-degrading bacteria was based on the efficiency of phenol utilization. The strain with efficient phenol degradation capacity was  characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and designated Acinetobacter baumannii W29. Biomass growth and phenol utilization rate of the strain were evaluated at different initial phenol concentrations (100-800 mgL-1). Specific growth rate data were fitted to five models, i.e. Monod, Haldane, Aiba, Teisser, and Webb model. The yield coefficient at different initial phenol concentrations was calculated from the slope of the specific growth rate (μ) versus the specific phenol utilization rate (q). The strain showed complete phenol degradation potential up to 1000 mgL-1. The maximal growth rate was achieved at 400 mgL-1  , which coincided with the maximum substrate utilization rate at the same concentration. The specific growth rate showed the best fit with the Haldane model. The strain had a yield coefficient of 0.70 (mg cell mg-1 phenol). The value of µ and Ks revealed the affinity of the strain for high-concentration phenol and the its ability to withstand high phenol concentrations. The kinetic growth behaviour of the strain fitted well with the Haldane model. The findings of the study could be applied to wastewater treatment with a high phenol load

A retrospective analytical study of treatment outcomes among multi drug resistant tuberculosis patients

Background: India is amongst one of the high multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) burden countries globally with a huge contribution given by the state of Uttar Pradesh. Programmatic Management of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis, initiated in 2007 has taken over the disorganized and unsupervised treatment practice in India. However, regular scrutiny is required which points out both its success and failure. Aim & Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate final treatment outcomes among MDR-TB patients on standard Category IV regimen Settings and Design: Retrospective analysis was done using secondary data from medical records of all patients. Methods and Material: Data of all MDR-TB patients registered under RNTCP at King George’s Medical University, Lucknow from 2013 to 2016 was collected. Demographic details along with pre-defined treatment outcomes were recorded (cured, treatment completed, death, treatment failure, treatment default and transfer to higher centre). Statistical analysis used: Descriptive statistics using numbers and percentage. Results: The records of 3580 MDR tuberculosis patients registered at drug resistant tuberculosis centre in King George’s Medical University from January 2013 to December 2016 were included which consisted of 67%males and 33%female. Mean age of presentation was 31.17 years (95% CI 30.75-31.59). Mean weight of patients was 40.16 kg (95% CI 39.89-40.43). Year wise distribution of registered cases from 2013 to 2016 was 611, 799, 984 and 1186 patients respectively. Amongst 3580 patients, 30.39% were declared cured, 25.50% completed treatment, 21.39% died, 0.84% showed treatment failure, 12.54% were defaulters, 2.35% were transferred out to higher centre, 6.5% were shifted to regimen for Extensive drug resistant (EDR) TB, 0.16% patients needed to stop treatment due to ADR and 0.33% patient were still on treatment. Conclusion: The treatment success rate of MDR?TB patients is still low. Measures to improve treatment adherence as in National tuberculosis elimination programme (NTEP) attempts to further improve the success rate

A randomized controlled trial of endodontic treatment using ultrasonic irrigation and laser activated irrigation to evaluate healing in chronic apical periodontitis

Aim of this trial was to evaluate the combined clinical and radiographic success rate of endodontic treatment using passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and laser activated irrigation (LAI) as compared to conventional syringe irrigation. Permanent incisors and single rooted premolars were assessed for eligibility and 69 patients were randomly divided into three treatment groups (n=23) by allocation concealment method and irrigation was performed in accordance with the allocated group. Teeth were evaluated clinically and radiographically with CBCT after 6 months and 12 months of the treatment. A significant difference was observed in the radiographic healing rates among three groups (?2=12.29, p=0.05). On comparing the final outcome among the three groups (n=19), it was found that 2 (10.5%) cases of group I(Conventional Syringe irrigation), 7 (36.8%) cases of group II (Passive ultrasonic irrigation) and 8 (42.1%) cases of group III(Laser activated irrigation) were healed while under healing category 13 (68.4%) cases of group I, 12 (63.2%) cases of group II and 11 (57.9%) of group III were observed whereas 4 (21.1%) cases were categorised as diseased in group I only. LAI and PUI can increase the predictability of the endodontic treatment success in cases of chronic apical periodontitis

Insulin is Essential: The National List of Essential Medicines, India, 2022

Guest Editorial&nbsp

Mercury or Mercury Free Restorations in Oral Cavity

Amalgam is basically a concoction of metals that has been used as a potent filling material in dentistry for the last 150 years. Amalgam usually consists of silver, mercury, tin and copper. Dental amalgam is a material used to fill cavities of tooth. Over the years, amalgam has become a topic of concern because it contains mercury. Mercury is a naturally occurring metal in the environment. Mercury exists as a liquid in room temperature but when heated, it becomes a gas. Flexibility of amalgam as a filling material is due Mercury. An alloy powder, a compound that is soft in nature when mixed with mercury makes it enough to mix and condense into the tooth. It hardens quickly and offers strong resistance to the forces of biting and chewing. There are studies reported on the safety of amalgam fillings. In 2005, European Union launched a comprehensive mercury strategy to reduce use of mercury. In 2008, countries like Norway and Denmark restricted the use of dental amalgam containing mercury. In 2009, this research was evaluated by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and found no rationale to limit the use of amalgam.  There are certain restorative materials that are available commercially that are mercury free in nature like Gold, Porcelain, Gallium alloys, Composite resin restoratives etc. They offer many advantages over amalgams containing mercury like: seals the dentin from future decay, reinforces remaining tooth structure, provides smooth and bonded margins, conservative and it blends naturally