Kinetics & Mechanism of Base-catalysed Hydrolysis of Formamide-Effect of Alkalinity on the Reactive Tetrahedral Addition Intermediates

961-96

ICT Applications and User Satisfaction in Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh: A Survey

This study aims to investigate the researcher’s awareness and use of ICT based library services provided by Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. For this study, 200 questionnaires have been administered among research scholars through e-mail. Investigators have received a total of 160 responses from respondents showing an overall response rate of 80% and same have been included for the study. The study shows that majority of respondents (46.87%) visit the library daily, 38.12% respondents are frequently using online journal lab, 86.87% respondents are using online journal lab for research purpose, a very high percentage of respondents (93.12%) claim that they are aware about ICT based services provided by Maulana Azad Library. The study also depicts that online journal lab facility is the most used service by 71.87% respondents followed by online public access catalogue (OPAC) (66.25%) and digital resource centre (DRC) (46.25%), 74.37% respondents consult e-journals, 50% respondents believe that the application of ICTs based library operations and services have raised the usage level of library’s resources, 64% respondents rated ICT based library operations and services as very good, 61.25% respondents claimed that MA Library OPAC is user friendly, 28.12% respondents preferred simple search method for searching documents in OPAC and 56.25% respondents opined that they are satisfied with the help provided by the staff in MA library for the use of ICT based services

ICT Applications and User Satisfaction in Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh: A Survey

This study aims to investigate the researcher’s awareness and use of ICT based library services provided by Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. For this study, 200 questionnaires have been administered among research scholars through e-mail. Investigators have received a total of 160 responses from respondents showing an overall response rate of 80% and same have been included for the study. The study shows that majority of respondents (46.87%) visit the library daily, 38.12% respondents are frequently using online journal lab, 86.87% respondents are using online journal lab for research purpose, a very high percentage of respondents (93.12%) claim that they are aware about ICT based services provided by Maulana Azad Library. The study also depicts that online journal lab facility is the most used service by 71.87% respondents followed by online public access catalogue (OPAC) (66.25%) and digital resource centre (DRC) (46.25%), 74.37% respondents consult e-journals, 50% respondents believe that the application of ICTs based library operations and services have raised the usage level of library’s resources, 64% respondents rated ICT based library operations and services as very good, 61.25% respondents claimed that MA Library OPAC is user friendly, 28.12% respondents preferred simple search method for searching documents in OPAC and 56.25% respondents opined that they are satisfied with the help provided by the staff in MA library for the use of ICT based services

Role of Medicine Patent Pool (MPP) in Resolving Conflict between Patents and Access to Essential Medicines

This paper analyses the issue from both international intellectual property law and access to medicine with reference to contributions made by Medicine Patent Pool (MPP), an alternate model of resolving conflict between patent protection of medicines and access to medicine. Adoption of Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement, under framework of World Trade Organisation (WTO), has significantly altered the enforcement standards of intellectual property rights, especially patent rights (Halewood, 1997).  Although, TRIPS Agreement introduces minimum standards of intellectual property rights protection but in case of pharmaceutical patents, they have impact on access to essential medicines because of strict standards (Kojo, 2018). This paper aims at analysing role of MPP towards solving conflict between patents on medicines and access to medicine

Second order evolutionary partial differential variational-like inequalities

This work is dedicated to the study of a second order evolutionary partial differential variational-like inequality in Banach space. We obtain the mild solution of our problem by applying the concept of strongly continuous cosine family of bounded linear operators, fixed point theorem for condensing multi-valued operators and measure of non-compactness. It is proved that the solution set of mixed variational-like inequalities is non-empty, bounded, closed and convex

Transition-metal norharmane compounds as possible cytotoxic agents: new insights based on a coordination chemistry perspective

New first-row transition-metal compounds with the ligand norharmane (9H-Pyrido[3,4-b]indole; Hnor) are reported. The compounds have the general formula [M(LL)(Hnor)(NO3)2](MeOH)0–1 (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn; LL = 2,2′-bipyridyl (bpy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen)) and have been characterized by physical and analytical methods. X-ray structural analysis revealed that the compound of formula [Cu(phen)(Hnor)(NO3)2], (1) has a distorted 6-coordinated octahedrally-based geometry, with a planar-based [CuN3O] core, where Cu-L varies between 1.99 and 2.04 Å and two weak axial Cusingle bondO contacts (2.209 and 2.644 Å) from two different nitrates. Based on spectroscopic similarities, the other compounds appear to have the same or very similar coordination geometries. The compounds showed clear cell growth inhibitory effects in two different cancer cell lines in vitro, with the copper and zinc complexes being the most toxic and in fact almost comparable to cisplatin. Flow-cytometry analysis confirmed induction of apoptosis in cancer cells treated with the compounds. Interestingly, co-incubation of the cells with metal complexes and CuCl2 induced an increase in the cytotoxic effects, most likely due to the conversion of the metal compounds in the corresponding, and most active, copper analogues

Role of Medicine Patent Pool (MPP) in Resolving Conflict between Patents and Access to Essential Medicines

This paper analyses the issue from both international intellectual property law and access to medicine with reference to contributions made by Medicine Patent Pool (MPP), an alternate model of resolving conflict between patent protection of medicines and access to medicine. Adoption of Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement, under framework of World Trade Organisation (WTO), has significantly altered the enforcement standards of intellectual property rights, especially patent rights (Halewood, 1997).  Although, TRIPS Agreement introduces minimum standards of intellectual property rights protection but in case of pharmaceutical patents, they have impact on access to essential medicines because of strict standards (Kojo, 2018). This paper aims at analysing role of MPP towards solving conflict between patents on medicines and access to medicine

Heteroleptic Copper(I) Complexes of "Scorpionate" Bis-pyrazolyl Carboxylate Ligand with Auxiliary Phosphine as Potential Anticancer Agents: An Insight into Cytotoxic Mode

New copper(I) complexes [CuCl(PPh3)(L)] (1: L = LA = 4-carboxyphenyl)bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)methane; (2: L = LB = 3-carboxyphenyl)bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)methane) were prepared and characterised by elemental analysis and various spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, NMR, UV-Vis, and ESI-MS. The molecular structures of complexes 1 and 2 were analyzed by theoretical B3LYP/DFT method. Furthermore, in vitro DNA binding studies were carried out to check the ability of complexes 1 and 2 to interact with native calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) using absorption titration, fluorescence quenching and circular dichroism, which is indicative of more avid binding of the complex 1. Moreover, DNA mobility assay was also conducted to study the concentration-dependent cleavage pattern of pBR322 DNA by complex 1, and the role of ROS species to have a mechanistic insight on the cleavage pattern, which ascertained substantial roles by both hydrolytic and oxidative pathways. Additionally, we analyzed the potential of the interaction of complex 1 with DNA and enzyme (Topo I and II) with the aid of molecular modeling. Furthermore, cytotoxic activity of complex 1 was tested against HepG2 cancer cell lines. Thus, the potential of the complex 1 is promising though further in vivo investigations may be required before subjecting it to clinical trials

Low Temperature Synthesis of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles and Their ROS Mediated Inhibition of Biofilm Formed by Food-Associated Bacteria

In the present study, a facile environmentally friendly approach was described to prepare monodisperse iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (IONPs) by low temperature solution route. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using x-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) measurements, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analyses. XRD patterns revealed high crystalline quality of the nanoparticles. SEM micrographs showed the monodispersed IONPs with size ranging from 6 to 9 nm. Synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated MICs of 32, 64, and 128 μg/ml against Gram negative bacteria i.e., Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, and 32 μg/ml against Gram positive bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. IOPNs at its respective sub-MICs demonstrated significant reduction of alginate and exopolysaccharide production and subsequently demonstrated broad-spectrum inhibition of biofilm ranging from 16 to 88% in the test bacteria. Biofilm reduction was also examined using SEM and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Interaction of IONPs with bacterial cells generated ROS contributing to reduced biofilm formation. The present study for the first time report that these IONPs were effective in obliterating pre-formed biofilms. Thus, it is envisaged that these nanoparticles with broad-spectrum biofilm inhibitory property could be exploited in the food industry as well as in medical settings to curtail biofilm based infections and losses

Detection, quantification and genotype distribution of HCV patients in Lahore, Pakistan by real-time PCR

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is considered as \u201cViral Time Bomb\u201d suggested by the World Health Organization and if it is not treated timely, it will lead towards cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Objective: The purpose of the present research is to study possible risk factors, frequent genotypes of HCV and its association with different age groups. Methods: Suspected blood samples from HCV patients were collected from different hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. Out of 1000 HCV suspected samples, 920 samples were found HCV positive detected by Anti-HCV ELISA, CobasR. kit. The quantification of HCV load was determined by HCV quantification kit and LINEAR ARRAY KIT (Roche) was used for genotype determination by Real-Time PCR (ABI). Statistical analysis was done by using Microsoft Excel. Results: Out of 920 subjects, 77 subjects (8.4%) were false positive and they were not detected by nested PCR. Three PCR positive samples were untypeable. Genotype 3 was predominant in Lahore which was 83.5%, whereas type 1 and 2 were 5.1% and 0.7% respectively. There were also mixed genotypes detected, 1 and 3 were 0.4%, 2 and 3 were 1.41% and 3 and 4 were 0.2% only. Male were more infected of HCV in the age <40 years and females >40years. Conclusion: The major risk factor for HCV transmission is by use of unsterilized razors/blades. It is necessary to spread awareness among the general population of Pakistan about HCV transmission risk factors. Regular physical examination at least once a year is recommended, so that early detection of HCV could be done