Potensi Jamur Parasit Telur sebagai Agens Hayati Pengendali Nematoda Puru Akar Meloidogyne Incognita pada Tanaman Tomat

Root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. are sedentary endoparasitic that attacks various economically important plants. Utilization of nematode\u27s fungal egg parasite as biocontrol agents of sedentary endoparasitic nematodes have a good possibility of potential success to be applied in the field level, because this fungi is able to colonize in and causes damage to eggs as well as female nematodes inside the root. The purpose of this research are to know the parasitism ability of this parasitic fungi to Meloidogyne incognita eggs, and its effects on second stage larvae hatching rate and the development of galls number in the host. The result shows that the parasitic fungi, those of Trichoderma, Penicillium, Talaromyces, Fusarium genera were able to parasitize root-knot nematode eggs (25.09 to 89.79%), caused root-knot nematode egg hatching to decrease, suppressed the formation of galls, and reduced the population of second stage nematode larvae in the greenhouse.Nematoda puru-akar Meloidogyne spp. adalah nematoda endoparasitik sedentari, bersifat polifag, dan mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi. Pemanfaatan jamur parasit telur sebagai agens hayati pengendali nematoda endoparasitik sedentari mempunyai potensi tingkat keberhasilan tinggi untuk diterapkan pada aras lapangan karena mampu mengoloni dan merusak telur maupun stadium nematoda betina yang terlindungi jaringan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan parasitasi isolat-isolat jamur parasit telur terhadap telur nematoda Meloidogyne incognita, dan pengaruhnya terhadap tingkat penetasan telur menjadi L-2, serta pembentukan jumlah puru pada tanaman terserang. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa jamur parasit telur yang termasuk genera Tricoderma, Penicillium, Talaromyces, dan Fusarium mampu memarasit telur M. incognita berkisar antara 25,09–89,79%, mengakibatkan penurunan persentase jumlah L-2 nematoda yang bersangkutan, serta menekan pembentukan puru akar pada aplikasi aras rumah kaca

Beberapa catatan mengenai hama baru: penggulung daun teh siput tanpa cangkang, parmarion pupillaris notes on a new pest: tea leaf roller slug, parmarion pupillaris

ABSTRACT In the past tea plantation at Pagilaran estate is attacked by leaf roller pests. These are Homona coffearia, Cydia leucostoma, and Gracilaria theifora.. At present a slug Parmarion pupillaris is found and considered as a new leaf roller pest, because they live inside of the rolled leaf This symptom is not known before. The population of Parmarion slug is high 3-4 slugs per bush of tea at the sub-division of Pagilaran estate of Pagilaran, Binorong and Garjito. This condition maybe supported by the weather that Pagilaran estate have a high rain fall of 4,842-6,067 mm per year with only 1-2 months of dry season. Key words: Parmarion, tea leaf roller INTISARI Penggulung daun teh yang telah diketahui di Pagilaran adalah Homona coffearia, Cydia leucostoma, dan Gracilaria theifora. Saat ini diketahui Parmarion pupillaris sebagai hama penggulung daun teh yang barn dan gejala serangan yang ditimbulkan berupa daun yang menggulung belum pemah diketemukan. Populasi Parmarion pupillaris cukup tinggi 3-4 ekor per perdu ditemukan di bacgian kebun Pagilaran, Binorong, dan Garjito. Keadaan tersebut mungkin didukung oleh kea laan cuaca di Pagilaran yang relatif lembab karena mempunyai curah hujan yang tinggi yaitu 4.842-6.067 mm per tahun dengan hanya 1-2 bulan musim kering per tahun. Kata kunci: Parmarion, penggulung daun te

DETERMINAN KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DITINJAU DARI KELEMAHAN SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL DAN KETIDAKPATUHAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh kelemahan sistem pengendalian internal dan ketidakpatuhan perundang-undangan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah di Indonesia, kualitas laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah diproksikan dengan opini audit. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Jawa Timur yang terdapat dalam Ikhtisar Hasil Pemeriksaan Semester dengan tahun audit 2012, 2013 dan 2014 yang terdiri dari 39 kabupaten/kota. Sehingga total keseluruhan sampel yang menjadi objek dalam penelitian ini adalah 117 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan melalui metode cluster (area) sampling. Regresi logistik biner digunakan untuk menganalisis data dan menguji hipotesis dengan alat bantu software SPSS. Hasil pengujian secara serentak menunjukan bahwa kelemahan sistem pengndalian internal dan ketidakpatuhan perundang-undangan secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah. Uji hipotesis menunjukan bahwa kelemahan sistem pengendalian internal berpengaruh negatif terhadap opini audit tahun penelitian, sedangkan ketidakpatuhan terhadap perundang-undangan tidak berpengaruh terhadap opini audit namun memiliki arah hubungan negatif terhadap opini audit. Kata Kunci: Kelemahan Sistem Pengendalian Intern, Ketidakpatuhan Terhadap Peraturan Perundang-Undangan, Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah, Opini BPK

Sebaran Genera Nematoda Nonparasit Tumbuhan pada Kopi Arabika

This research aims to know the diversity, and population abundance of non plant parasitic nematodes in the soil of Arabica coffee. The samples were taken from healthy and infected plants (those that have infection symptoms). The research area taken at coffee plantation in blok I, II, III, IV, Bentaan, and VI at Afdeling Plalangan Blawan's estate, Bondowoso, East Java. From each block ten plants were taken, five each for healthy and infected plants. Analysis of nematode population was done by whitehead tray technique modification method. Identification was done based on the characteristic of non- parasitic nematode. The results showed that the genera of non-parasitic nematodes found include Dorylaimus, Rhabditis, Aphelenchus, Acrobeles, and Mononchus. The non-parasitic nematodes population were found to be higher in healthy, rather than on the infected plants soil. The genus Rhabditis population in healthy plant was 86.61 nematodes/ 100 ml of soil, while in infected plants was 56.01 nematodes/100 ml of soil. The genus Dorylaimus population in healthy plant was 49.9 nematodes/100 ml of soil, while in infected plants was 95.6 nematodes/100 ml of soil. The genus Mononchus population in healthy plant was 53.00 nematodes/100 ml of soil, while in infected plants was 37.65 nematodes/ 100 ml of soil. The genera of Aphelenchus and Acrobeles populations were 98.28 nematodes/100 ml and 0.0792/100 ml of soil, respectively. Non-parasitic nematodes were more abundant in healthy soil than in infected soil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genera serta kelimpahan nematoda nonparasit pada tanah pertanaman kopi Arabika. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel tanah yang diambil pada tanaman sehat dan tanaman yang menunjukkan gejala sakit terserang nematoda. Lahan pertanaman yang diamati Afdeling Plalangan, Kebun Blawan, Bondowoso, Jawa Timur. Masing-masing blok diambil sepuluh tanaman, mencakup lima tanaman sehat dan lima tanaman yang bergejala terserang nematoda. Analisis populasi nematoda dilakukan dengan metode nampan saring (metode Whitehead Tray yang telah dimodifikasi), dilanjutkan identifikasi berdasarkan karakter dan morfologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pertanaman kopi ada beberapa genera nematoda non-parasit tumbuhan yaitu Dorylaimus, Rhabditis, Aphelenchus, Acrobeles, dan Mononchus. Populasi nematoda nonparasit pada tanah sehat lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada tanah terinfeksi nematoda parasite tanaman. Populasi tertinggi genus Rhabditis pada tanaman yang sehat yaitu 86,61ekor/100 ml tanah, sebaliknya pada tanaman sakit 56,01 ekor/100 ml tanah. Populasi genus Dorylaimus tertinggi pada tanaman sehat 49,9 ekor/100 ml tanah, sebaliknya pada tanaman sakit 95,6 ekor/100 ml tanah. Populasi genus Mononchus tertinggi tanaman sehat 53,00 ekor/100 ml tanah, sebaliknya pada tanaman sakit 37,65 ekor/100 ml tanah. Populasi genus Aphelenchus 98,28 ekor/100 ml tanah. Populasi genus Acrobeles 0,0792/100 ml. Nematoda nonparasit pada tanah sehat lebih melimpah dibandingkan di tanah terinfeksi nematoda

Growth and Yield of Bestari Rice Varieties, Weeds Identification In Various Jajar Legowo Planting System and Fertilization

The aim of this research was to determine the interactions between jajar legowo planting system and variations of fertilization on the growth and yield of bestari rice varieties. The research was conducted in Sentono, Karangdowo District, Klaten regency, Central Java. Research started in April to August 2016. The study uses factorial design with two factors. The first factor was the variation of fertilization that consists of three levels, namely: P1 was the dosage recommendation in the form of chemical fertilizer application which was Phonska 600 kg / ha, P2 = 50% chemical fertilizer dosage recommendation plus 10 ton / ha of BATAN’s organic fertilizer products; P3 = 50% chemical fertilizer dosage recommendation plus 10 ton / ha of organic compost product of the Faculty of Agriculture UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta. The second factor was the variation of jajar legowo planting system, namely: J1 = 2:1, J2 = 3:1, J3 = 4:1. Each treatment was repeated 3 times and 3 samples per plot, 27 experimental plots in the size of 4 m x 4 m with plant space of 12,5cm x 25 cm x 50 cm. Based on further analysis of variance with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a level of 5%, it showed that there was no interaction between jajar legowo planting system and fertilizing variation on all parameters of growth and yield. J1 which produced average number of tillers, leaf number, grain weight per hill best grain meanwhile it has the biggest grain weight per hill so it reduce the amount of yield. P2 has the highest tiller number meanwhile it has the biggest grain weight per hill so it reduce the amount of yield. Dominant weeds before planting is Leersia hexandra swartz (NJD 28.98%), dominant weed in almost all experimental plots at age 21 DAP Panicum repens and 42 DAP is Echinocloa colonum.Keywords: bestari, weeds, jajar legowo, fertilization variation

Kajian Histopatologi Serangan Pratylenchus Spp. Pada Akar Pisang Kultivar Kepok

The root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus spp., were found infecting bananas. The objective of this study was to investigate the damage and malformation on root tissues caused by these nematodes. The nematode inoculum was collected from roots of cultivar Kepok contained high population of Pratylenchus spp. Banana cv. Kepok were inoculated with 1000 nematodes as inoculum level per plant per pot for histopathological study. Pratylenchus spp. infected the root of Banana cv. Kepok and caused black necrotic lesions on the root surface. The exoderm, epiderm, and cortical tissues of the roots showed severe damage with necrotic cells or lesion. Especially on the cortex the burrowings were observed. Key words : Pratylenchus spp,histopathologyroot tissue

ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN GAME EDUKASI WORDWALL TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR SISWA KELAS XI MATERI RUMINANSIA

Abstract:  The purpose of this study was to describe the learning interest of students in class XI MIPA SMA N 5 Semarang using the wordwall educational web. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative. The subjects in this study were all 31 students of XI MIPA 02. The method used in research regarding the use of wordwalls on interest in learning Ruminants material in the learning process is by collecting data through a questionnaire (questionnaire), direct interviews with teachers and students, observation and documentation. The results of the study proved that the use of the Wordwall web media gave positive results to the learning interest of class  XI  MIPA  02 students in  Ruminants material which showed a result of 78%  in  the very high category. Biology learning with wordwall applications is good and can support learning activities used in the biology learning process for ruminant material in secondary schools. Abstrak: Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan minat belajar perserta didik kelas XI MIPA SMA N 5 Semarang menggunakan web edukasi wordwall. Dengan jenis penelitian yang digunakan merupakan deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik XI MIPA 02 yang berjumlah 31 orang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian mengenai penggunaan wordwall terhadap minat belajar materi Ruminansia pada proses pembelajaran dengan cara mengumpulkan data melalui koesioner (angket), wawancara langsung dengan guru dan perserta didik, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil Penelitian terbukti bahwa penggunaan media web Wordwall memberikan hasil positif terhadap minat belajar perserta didik kelas XI MIPA 02 pada materi Ruminansia yang menujukan hasil sebesar 78% dengan kategori sangat tinggi. Pembelajaran biologi dengan aplikasi wordwall, baik dan dapat mendukung aktivitas pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran Biologi materi ruminasia di sekolah menengah

Pengendalian Hama Nematoda Puru-Akar Pada Tanaman Sayuran DenganPemanfaatan Agens HayatiPasteuria Penetrans

ABSTRACT The public services activity of vegetables root-knot nematodes control by Pasteuria penetrans. It is mainly to knowledge transfer of plant-parasitic nematode field diagnosis to the farmers. Because of their microscopic size and irregular field distribution, soil and root tissue samples are usually required to determine whether nematodes are causing poor crop growth or to determine the need for nematode management or control. Vegetables plantation such as chili pepper, tomatoes and egg-plant are main host of root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. Typical symptoms expression in those vegetables, has been shown to be closely associated with root-knot nematode infection and gall formation. Plants exhibiting stunted or decline symptoms usually occur in patches. This information must then be coupled with some enverous of bacterial Pasteuria penetrans spores on a field and inside the root-knot nematodes body which usually found inside the root of host plants. The farmers were then train to formulate the root-powder which containing spores of Pasteuria penetrans as biocontrol agents. The trained farmers were expected could be anticipate the root-knot nematodes problem on their field and well known of various methods to diagnose, discourage and treat against plant parasitic nematodes in a least toxic, sustainable manner. Keywords: Hama Nematoda , biocontrol agent

PENILAIAN AWAL POTENSI DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN PENGOLAHAN AIR PROSES DAN AIR LIMBAH PADA UKM PENGOLAH HASIL PERIKANAN MENGGUNAKAN LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

Pengolahan hasil perikanan merupakan proses yang membutuhkan energi dan air dalam jumlah besar untuk mengatasi sifat perishable-nya. Energi yang besar diperlukan untuk transportasi bahan baku dan produk, sistem rantai dingin selama proses dan untuk mengoperasikan mesin-mesin. Energi diperoleh dari kombusi bahan bakar solar pada proses penangkapan ikan dan pembangkit listrik pada proses pengolahan. Air diperlukan baik sebagai salah satu bahan baku maupun sebagai bahan penolong serta diperlukan untuk menjamin proses produksi dan lingkungannya memenuhi prinsip-prinsip sanitasi dan hygiene. Untuk memenuhi keperluan ini, air proses yang digunakan semestinya memenuhi syarat baku mutu air minum. Namun, penyediaan air proses berkualitas air minum menjadi salah satu permasalahan pada UKM yang menjadi objek studi, sehingga dalam studi ini juga dibuat prarancangan pengolahan air sesuai kualitas sumber air yang tersedia. Penggunaan air yang tinggi pada proses pengolahan berimplikasi pada besarnya volume air limbah yang dihasilkan. Sementara itu, UKM yang menjadi objek studi belum memiliki fasilitas pengolahan air limbah, demikian pula komunitas disekitarnya, sehingga pembuangan air limbah menjadi masalah lainnya yang dihadapi UKM. Dalam studi ini, juga dibuat prarancangan instalasi pengolahan air limbah UKM pengolahan ikan. Baik sistem pengolahan ikan, pengolahan air proses maupun pengolahan air limbah berkontribusi pada potensi dampak lingkungan. Untuk mengestimasi potensi dampak lingkungan ketiga sistem diatas, studi ini menggunakan metode LCA dengan batasan sistem penangkapan ikan dan pengolahan, serta dampak lingkungan bilamana pengolahan air proses dan air limbah diimplementasikan. Hasil studi memperlihatkan bahwa sistem produksi UKM Syarifah Salmah untuk memproduksi amplang, stik dan kerupuk ikan masing-masing 1 kg memiliki potensi dampak lingkungan asidifikasi sebesar 0,2504 kg SO4eq, pemanasan global sebesar 30,37 kg CO2 eq, eutrofikasi 0,0628 kg PO4 eq, human toxicity 0,5490 kg 1,4 dichlorobenzene eq, dan oksidasi fotokemikal 0,0048 kg ethylene eq. dengan kontribusi terbesar berasal dari pembangkitan listrik dan penangkapan ikan. Penerapan pengolahan air limbah pada proses penerimaan dan penyimpanan ikan terbukti dapat menurunkan faktor eutrofikasi pada emisi ke air. Namun secara umum, tidak banyak penurunan potensi eutrofikasi disebabkan kontributor utama eutrofikasi adalah kapal penangkap ikan dan pembangkit listrik. Kata kunci: UKM pengolahan ikan, pengolahan air, pengolahan limbah, LCA Fish processing is a process that requires energy and water in large quantities to overcome its perishable properties. High energy is required to transport raw materials and products, to ensure cold chain systems throughout the process and to operate the machines. Energy is derived from diesel fuel combution in fishing vessel and power generation. Water is required both as a raw material and as auxiliary material and is necessary to ensure the production process and its environment meet sanitary and hygiene principles. To meet these needs, the water should meet drinking water quality standards. However, the provision of drinking water quality became one of the problems in SMEs studied, then this study also made water treatment predesign according to available water sources quality. High volume water use in processing process high volume of waste water produced. Meanwhile, SMEs studied does not have wastewater treatment facilities, neither do the surrounding communities, and waste disposal becomes another problem for SMEs. This study, also made predesign of wastewater treatment plant. Fish processing, water and wastewater treatment systems have contribution to potential environmental impacts. To estimate the potential environmental impacts of the three systems above, this study used LCA in boundary of fish catching and processing, as well as the environmental impacts if water and wastewater treatment are implemented. The result showed that to produced 1 kg of amplang, fish sticks and crackers the production system Syarifah Salmah had environmental impact potential of 0.2504 kg SO4eq acidification, 30.37 kg CO2 eq global warming, 0.0628 kg PO4 eq eutrophication, 0,5490 kg 1,4 dichlorobenzene eq human toxicity, and 0.0048 kg ethylene eq photochemical oxidation with electricity generation and fish catching as largest contributor. Application of wastewater treatment in the process of receiving and storing fish proven to reduce emission to water of eutrophication factor. However, in general, there was not much eutrophication potential decline due to the major eutrophication contributors were fishing vessels and power plants. Keywords: fish processing SMEs, water treatment, wastewater treatment, LC

Molecular and Pathotype Identification of Potato Cyst Nematodes

In Indonesia, potato cyst nematode (PCN) was first reported in Bumiaji, Kota Batu, East Java by PT Syngenta and was identified as Globodera rostochiensis. Based on the surveillances, G. rostochiensis were also found in Batur, Banjarnegara, and Kejajar, Wonosobo, and Pangalengan, Bandung. In addition, in Batur, Banjarnegara, another species which was identified as G. pallida was found. The aim of this research were to identify the species of PCN using molecular method, pathotype identification, and to study the distributions of PCN especially in Java. The PCN are collected from potato planting areas in Kota Batu, East Java; Wonosobo and Banjarnegara, Central Java; and Pangalengan, Bandung, West Java. PCN were extracted and isolated from soil, and then identified by morphological and molecular analysis. PCN were found in potato planting areas in Kota Batu, East Java; Wonosobo and Banjarnegara, Central Java; and Pangalengan, West Java. Based on the morphological characters, molecular method, and the differential host test, the PCN identified as G. rostochiensis are amplified an approximately 434 bp with pathotype Ro2. Di Indonesia, nematoda sista kentang (NSK) pertama dilaporkan di Bumiaji, Kota Batu, Jawa Timur oleh PT Syngenta yang diidentifikasi sebagai Globodera rostochiensis. Berdasarkan hasil survei, NSK ditemukan di Batur, Banjarnegara dan Kejajar, Wonosobo, Pangalengan. Spesies G. pallida juga ditemukan Batur, Banjarnegara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies NSK menggunakan metode molekuler, identifikasi patotipe NSK, dan untuk mengetahui penyebaran NSK khususnya di Pulau Jawa. Sampel NSK dikumpulkan dari lahan pertanaman kentang di Bumiaji, Kota Batu, Jawa Timur; Wonosobo dan Banjarnegara, Jawa Tengah; serta Pangalengan, Bandung, Jawa Tengah. NSK diekstraksi dan diisolasi dari tanah yang selanjutnya diidentifikasi secara morfologi dan analisis molekuler. NSK yang terdapat pada lahan pertanaman kentang ditemukan di Kota Batu, Jawa Timur; Wonosobo dan Banjarnegara, Jawa Tengah; serta Pangalengan, Jawa Tengah. Berdasarkan karakter morfologi, metode secara molekuler, dan uji kesesuaian inang, NSK yang diperoleh teridentifikasi sebagai G. rostochiensis yang teramplifikasi pada kisaran 434 bp dengan patotipe Ro2