Factor VII deficiency and pregnancy: a case report and review of literature

Factor VII deficiency is one of the \u27rare inherited disorders of coagulation.\u27 Few cases of Factor VII deficiency have been reported during pregnancy, a state which could potentially cause fatal haemorrhage. Here we report a case of a pregnant lady with a history of heavy menorrhagia and multiple first pregnancy failures. Delivery was carried out via Caesarean section due to non-reassuring foetal heart monitoring. Patient was treated with Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFPs) and Factor VII concentrates, however, the patient developed bleeding postoperatively. Literature indicates that whilst Factor VII levels rise during pregnancy in normal women, no increase is seen in homozygous cases, whereas there is a moderate rise in heterozygous individuals. History of heavy menorrhagia, multiple first pregnancy failures and a positive family history for bleeding disorders necessitate investigation and monitoring of Factor VII levels during pregnancy. Factor VII concentrates achieve adequate homeostasis in most cases. Recombinant Factor VIIa, however, is the treatment of choice and does not carry a risk of infection transmission or thrombus formation

Functional outcome of crossed Kirschner wire fixation in pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture

Background: Distal humeral fractures are one of the most common types of fractures in children, most of them being supracondylar. Supracondylar fractures are usually caused by trauma, most likely falls. It is an emergency, requiring rapid diagnosis and management to avoid serious complications. Recommended treatment modalities vary from no reduction and immobilization to open reduction and internal fixation. Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixation of displaced supracondylar fractures after closed reduction is a preferred method and is being performed for over 50 years now. This study was conducted to determine the functional outcome of crossed K-wire fixation in pediatric supracondylar fracture.Methods: This prospective study was conducted from May-November 2018 at the department of Orthopedics, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. It was inferred that functional outcome of pediatric displaced supracondylar humeral fractures is satisfactory when managed with percutaneous crossed K-wire fixation. It included 83 children with supracondylar fractures. They were treated with percutaneous crossed K-wire fixation. Patients were then followed up to determine satisfactory functional outcome according to Flynn’s criteria. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS 21.0.Results: Eight-three patients were included. The mean±standard deviation age of this study population was 7.03±3.39 years. Out of the study participants, 47 (56.6%) were males and 36 (43.4%) were females. 71.1% of the patients were of Gartland class II fractures and 28.9% were of Gartland class III. 43.4% had an injury due to fall while playing while 19.3% had fallen from height. 80.7% were found to have a satisfactory functional outcome.Conclusions: It was inferred that the functional outcome of pediatric displaced supracondylar humeral fractures is satisfactory when managed with percutaneous crossed K-wire fixation

N-{[4-(4-Meth­oxy­benzene­sulfonamido)­phen­yl]sulfon­yl}acetamide

In the title compound, C15H16N2O6S2, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 83.2 (3)°. The mol­ecular conformation is stabilized by an intra­molecular C—H⋯O inter­action. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and additional stabilization is provided by weak C—H⋯π inter­actions

N-{[4-(4-Meth­oxy­benzene­sulfonamido)­phen­yl]sulfon­yl}acetamide

In the title compound, C15H16N2O6S2, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 83.2 (3)°. The mol­ecular conformation is stabilized by an intra­molecular C—H⋯O inter­action. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and additional stabilization is provided by weak C—H⋯π inter­actions

Organohalogenated contaminants (OHCs) in high-altitude environments:A review and implication for a black carbon relationship

Organohalogens contain important groups of persistent organic pollutants that have a special focus owing to their adverse effects. Due to long-range atmospheric transport, these chemicals could reach to higher altitude cold regions where they become deposited and trapped on surface media, i.e., soil, water, sediments, and snow. Intriguingly, another pollutant, black carbon (BC) shows a strong association with these organohalogens and could sturdily affect the environmental distribution of these contaminants. It is implicated that BC can significantly alter not only the behavior of organohalogens in the environment but its presence could also lead to an increase in temperature which may result in the rerelease of the trapped organohalogens in these regions. Hence, theories of “glacier hypothesis” and “forest filter effect” could be better explained

Deep eutectic solvents as alternative green solvents for the efficient desulfurization of liquid fuel: A comprehensive review

Increase in the requirement of energy consumption has been followed by a consistent rise in sulfur emission with economic and health issues. Moreover, it considerably decreases the efficacy of developed emission control systems of diesel engines, thus ultimately harms the atmosphere. It leads to a strict sulfur discharge limit to approximately 15 ppm and sequentially served as a goal for investigating different desulfurization technologies. Hydrodesulfurization, a conventional refinery desulfurization process is operated at higher pressure and temperature, employing expensive catalysts and hydrogen gas. This review aims to consider the merits and demerits of main areas of the substitute desulfurization processes, comprising adsorptive, extractive, oxidative, and biodesulfurization and comprehensively discuss the role of DESs emphasizing on the factors affecting in extractive and oxidative desulfurization. Different factors such as DESs selection, extraction temperature, extraction time, DESs regeneration, and multistage extractions are considered that affect the desulfurization efficiency. Deep eutectic solvents explored in 2001, a less toxic solvent have been keenly investigated as an alternative solvent for extractive desulfurization since 2013. DESs showed a higher capability for sulfur elimination. Low synthetic cost and economical raw materials, less solvent to feed ratio, and valuable green characteristics show DESs suitable for the desulfurization process

Role of black carbon in soil distribution of organochlorines in Lesser Himalayan Region of Pakistan

Black carbon and total organic carbon (TOC) along with organochlorines (OCs) were analyzed in soils from four sampling zones of Lesser Himalayan Region based on source proximity/anthropogenic influences along the altitude. CTO-375 method was used for BC analysis while OCs were analyzed by GC-MS/MS system. BC and TOC ranged between 0.16–1.77 and 6.8–41.3 mg g−1 while those of OCPs and PCBs ranged between 0.69 and 5.77 and 0.12–2.55 ng g−1, respectively. ∑DDTs were the dominant (87.9%) among OCPs while tri- and tetra- (65.5%) homologue groups among PCBs. Hexa-PCBs, however also showed higher contribution (20.4%) in the region. Source diagnostic ratios of DDE + DDD/DDT (0.1–1.53) indicated both fresh and old input while α-HCH/γ-HCH (0.19–2.49) showed presence of lindane in the region. Higher concentration of OCs were observed in Zone C at altitudinal range of 737–975 masl that are close to the human influences and potential sources of POPs. The results of linear regression analysis revealed potential input of BC in soil distribution of OC concentrations in the region. Black carbon's potential role in OCs distribution in soils of Lesser Himalaya

Sedimentary black carbon and organochlorines in Lesser Himalayan Region of Pakistan:Relationship along the altitude

Black carbon (BC) and total organic carbon (TOC) along with their relationship with organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were assessed in Lesser Himalayan Region (LHR) in different altitudinal zones based on anthropogenic influence/source proximity under the scope of this study. Results revealed the concentrations of BC, TOC, OCPs and PCBs varied between 0.3 and 43.5 mg g− 1, 1.7–65.4 mg g− 1, 0.59–3.64 ng g− 1 and 0.01–1.31 ng g− 1, respectively. Spatial distribution trends have shown higher levels of OCPs and PCBs contamination near populated and urban areas along the altitude. It is implicated that upslope, short and long-range transport and local emission sources contribute to the contamination of different altitudinal zones of LHR. The relationship of BC and TOC with OCPs and PCBs was evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation analysis that indicated higher sorptive influence of BC over TOC in distribution status of organochlorines in LHR. Further research is required to find relationship of BC and TOC in surface riverine sediments, particularly in aquatic systems along the altitude in mountain regions of the world