THE INTERACTION BETWEEN LAMBDA PHAGE AND ITS BACTERIAL HOST

Our interest in the adsorption of lambda phages onto bacterial cells was triggered by the controversial results Schwartz obtained in the 70's (Schwartz 1976). Lambda phages bind to specific receptors, named LamB, on the cell's surface during the infection process. Phage adsorption onto the cell wall is a diffusion-limited process. One of the controversies is the rate of adsorption, which in some cases appears to exceed the theoretical limit imposed by the physical law of random diffusion. We revisited this problem by carrying out experiments along with new theoretical analyses. Our measurements show that the population of unbound phages decreases with time in a double-exponential fashion. Using fluorescence microscopy we quantified the number of receptors per cell. This dissertation describes the adsorption of lambda phages onto their host cells and a kinetics model, which allows the calculation of adsorption, desorption, and irreversible binding rates from a single measurement. The long-term interaction between lambda phage and its bacterial host in a co-habitual environment is approached as well. A complex mathematical model describing the dynamics of the two populations (bacteria and phages) is presented along with experimental results. Surprising phenomena of bacterial persistence against phage infection are also reported

THE STATUS OF EMPLOYED OF AN OFFENDER – CONDITION TO ATTRACT PATRIMONIAL LIABILITY

Financial liability of the employee is a variety of contractual liability arising from specific features of legal work. This study aims to analyze the concrete situations in which the patrimony can be held liable to the employee, given the diversity of employment situations in which an employee may be engaged

THE ISSUE OF LIABILITY FOR NON-PATRIMONIAL PREJUDICE WITHIN THE LEGAL LABOR RELATIONS

This study aims to examine the extent to which legal liability for non-materialprejudices and moral prejudices is allowable in the field of legal labour relations, in thecontext of contest for regulations governing non-patrimonial prejudices in Romanianlegislation

Geometrical theory of geavitational and electromagnetic fields in higher order Lagrange spaces

In this paper we shall give an introduction to the geometry of higher order Lagrange spaces. The gravitational field, Einstein equations, as well as the electromagnetic fields and generalized Maxwell equations, are pointed out, too

Impacto de la pesca de rodaballo sobre los cetáceos del Mar Negro en la costa de Rumanía

The abundance of the three species of endemic Black Sea marine mammals represented by Delphinus delphis ponticus (Barabasch-Nikiforov 1935), Tursiops truncatus ponticus (Barabasch-Nikiforov 1940) and Phocoena phocoena relicta (Abel 1905) has shown a dramatic decline due to direct killing practiced in earlier times, incidental catches in fishing gears, depletion of the fish populations entering the cetacean food web, and habitat degradation. These threats are more severe in the Black Sea owing to its semi-enclosed nature, high human density, and human activities being carried out especially in coastal zones. Each year, incidental cetacean catches are registered on the Romanian littoral and, consequently, mortalities occur among individuals which strand on the beaches. These mortalities affect in particular the species Phocoena phocoena, considered the most vulnerable one to gillnet fishing. The greatest hazard for Black Sea marine mammals is turbot gillnets, taking into account their number and distribution area. This paper presents data on the description of the current fishing system used in the commercial fisheries of the Romanian Black Sea area, the geographical distribution of the incidental catches, fishing effort, IUU fishing and ghost fishing, CPUE values of cetacean by-catches, indirect impacts of fisheries and recommendations.La abundancia de las tres especies endémicas de mamíferos marinos del Mar Negro, representada por Delphinus delphis ponticus (Barabasch-Nikiforov 1935), Tursiops truncatus ponticus (Barabasch-Nikiforov 1940) y Phocoena phocoena relicta (Abel 1905) ha sufrido una fuerte disminución debido a la matanza directa practicada en épocas anteriores, las capturas accidentales en artes de pesca,, el agotamiento de las poblaciones de peces que forman parte de la cadena trófica de los cetáceos, y la degradación del hábitat. Estas amenazas son más graves en esta zona, debido al carácter semicerrado del Mar Negro, a la alta densidad humana, y a las actividades humanas que se desarrollan especialmente en las zonas costeras. Cada año, se registran capturas accidentals de cetáceos en el litoral rumano y, en consecuencia, se produce la mortalidad entre los individuos que llegan a las playas, sobre todo pertenecientes a la especie Phocoena phocoena, considerados los más vulnerables a la pesca con redes de enmalle. El mayor riesgo para los mamíferos marinos del Mar Negro está representada por las redes de enmalle de rodaballo, teniendo en cuenta su número y distribución del área. El documento presenta datos sobre la descripción del sistema de pesca actual utilizado en las pesquerías comerciales de la zona del Mar Negro rumano, la distribución geográfica de las capturas accidentales, esfuerzo pesquero, la pesca no declarada y no reglamentada IUU y la pesca fantasma, los valores de CPUE de capturas accidentales de cetáceos, impactos indirectos de las pesquerías, así como recomendaciones

Correlation between spinal nerves, anterolateral abdominal wall muscle tone and inguinal hernia

Department of Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery, Nicolae Testemitsanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, the Republic MoldovaBackground: The complete diagnosis of pathomorphological disorders in case of diseases of the spine determines the choice of effective treatment, pathogenetically argued in various diseases which, according to modern classifications, do not have a direct link with it. Continuous improvement of diagnostic and treatment methods in some pathologies, both surgical and therapeutical requires a more detailed study of clinical anatomy and spinal biomechanics. Thus, perhaps even revising concepts are well-rooted in the consciousness of scientists and modern practitioners. As we will try to analyze the anatomical-clinical component of the appearance and recovery of antero-lateral abdominal wall hernias, we will limit ourselves to some analysis and discussion of one of the predisposing factors, namely the lack of resistance or insufficient resistance of the abdominal muscles. This is closely related to the condition of the constituent elements of the abdominal wall, and in particular depends on the innervation and vascularization of the musculoaponeurotic layers, which determine the strength and muscle tone. Conclusions: One of the causes of inguinal hernias is the decrease in the tone of the abdominal muscles. It depends on several factors: the elasticity of the muscular tissue, state of neuro-muscular transmission, the state of peripheral nerve fibers and motor neurons in the spinal cord, superior motion control centers. Thus, the causes of muscle tone decrease can be both muscular in origin and generated by pathology of the nervous system at different levels. Because the causes are multiple, the treatment is different at certain stages of hernia development. In this way, our treatment – qualitative nutrition, vitamins, special exercises, spinal region work, paravertebral muscles massage fit perfectly into hernia etiology and pathogenesis. This treatment is physiologically accessible and can be performed and supervised by physicians with non-surgical specialties in stationary or outpatient settings, after prior consultation with the surgeon

Parsing K definitions

AbstractThis paper describes our approach in parsing a K definition. The difficulty of the problem is given by the nature of the K-framework, where the user can define the operational semantics of a language by inserting pieces of concrete syntax in the K code in a natural way. Our main contribution shows how to make use of SDF and the disambiguation mechanisms in the context of K-framework

THE CLASSIFICATION OF COMPANIES REGARDING THE COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY

The article deals with legal forms of companies incorporated in Romania according to different classification criteria with leg

Leiomyomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the small bowel – rare causes of gastrointestinal bleeding (literature review, case reports)

Catedra de chirurgie nr. 1 „Nicolae Anestiadi”, Universitatea de Stat de Medicină și Farmacie „Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Chișinău, Republica Moldova, Laboratorul de chirurgie hepato-pancreato-biliară, Universitatea de Stat de Medicină și Farmacie „Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Chișinău, Republica MoldovaRezumat. Introducere. Tumorile intestinului subțire complicate cu hemoragie sunt o provocare grea pentru medicină. Dificultatea constă în acces anevoios și absența unei manifestări tipice, acestea duc la avansarea tumorii, cu o rată mare de deces. Astfel, de cele mai dese ori, primele manifestări ale bolii sunt complicațiile tumorii: ocluzia intestinală, hemoragia digestivă, perforația de organ cavitar. Iată de ce, în ultimii ani, s-a pus un accent deosebit pe metodele de diagnostic. Material şi metode. Prezentăm trei cazuri clinice cu tumori ale intestinului subţire (2 leiomioame duodenale şi o tumoră stromală gastrointestinală, la nivel de ileon), complicate cu hemoragie digestivă obscură, care pun probleme de diagnostic și de tactică, datorită situării specifice într-o zonă inaccesibilă metodelor imagistice și endoscopice de rutină. Pentru sistematizarea informaţiei, am utilizat baza de date PubMed, unde au fost găsiți câțiva algoritmi de diagnostic și tratament contemporani. Căutarea s-a efectuat după cuvintele cheie „obscure gastrointestinal bleeding“, „duodenal leiomyomas“, şi „gastrointestinal stromal tumor“. Concluzii. Leiomiomul și tumora stromală gastrointestinală sunt două cele mai frecvente tumori ale intestinului subțire, implicate în apariția hemoragiei obscure și produc mari dificultăți de diagnostic în evaluarea de rutină a sursei de sângerare, fapt confirmat și în cazurile clinice prezentate. Capsula endoscopică, enteroscopia cu dublu balon și angiografia intervenționistă cu substracție digitală reprezintă metode contemporane, care ușurează diagnosticul hemoragiilor digestive, acestea fiind utilizate și pentru stoparea hemoragiei.Abstract. Introduction. Small bowel tumors complicated by hemorrhage are a hard medical challenge. The challenge consists in the difficult access and the lack of typical manifestations, this leads to tumor progression, with a high death rate. Thus, most often the first manifestations of the disease are the tumor complications, such as: intestinal obstruction, gastrointestinal neoplasbleeding, and hollow organ perforations. That is why in the recent years a particular emphasis has been placed on the diagnostic methods. Material and methods. We present three clinical cases with tumors of the small intestine (2 duodenal leiomyomas and a stromal gastrointestinal tumor of the ileum) complicated with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding that raise issues of diagnosis and tactics because of the specific localization in an area inaccessible for the routine imaging and endoscopic methods. To systematize the information, we used the PubMed database, where several contemporary algorithms for diagnosis and treatment were found. The research was conducted after the keywords “obscure gastrointestinal bleeding”, “duodenal leiomyomas”, and “gastrointestinal stromal tumor”. Conclusions. Leiomyomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the two most common tumors of the small intestine, implicated in the development of obscure bleeding, which cause great diagnostic difficulties in the routine evaluation of the source of bleeding, as confirmed in the presented clinical cases. Capsule endoscopy, double balloon enteroscopy and interventional angiography with digital subtraction are contemporary methods that facilitate the diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleedings, being also involved in stopping the bleeding