Zaštita zdravlja zubi u djeteta predškolske dobi

U ovom završnom radu govorimo o važnosti zdravlja zubi u djeteta predškolske dobi. Najviše smo se dotaknuli same higijene zubi koja je nužna kako bi održavali zube zdravima. O oralnoj higijeni važno je brinuti od prvih godina života jednako kao što brinemo o zdravlju tijela. Mliječni zubi će ispasti, ali oni stvaraju temelje za trajne zube i stoga ih ne smijemo zanemarivati. Roditelji imaju glavnu ulogu u održavanju zdravlja zubi djeteta u prvim godinama života. Oni ih potiču na stvaranje navike redovite higijene, ali ih i uče kako izgleda pravilna higijena zuba i zašto je ona važna. Najbolji način na koji ih mogu potaknuti je osobni primjer jer djeca uče po modelu čak i higijenske navike. Također, oni brinu o prehrani koja ima važnu ulogu u prevenciji raznih bolesti. Pravilna prehrana štiti zube od najčešće bolesti zuba, a to je karijes. U radu smo se koristili teorijama drugih autora koji su istraživali tu temu te uspoređivali njihove teorije. Proučavanjem smo došli do saznanja o posljedicama koje se mogu dogoditi ako ne brinemo o zdravlju naših zubi te se upoznali s prevencijom za različite bolesti zubi. Djeca ih moraju biti svjesna i dobro je da to čuju jer im je to velik poticaj. Već od najranije dobi i oni znaju kako je bolje spriječiti nego liječiti. Na kraju smo promišljali o metodama koje bi potaknule djecu na odlazak stomatologu koji je važan u održavanju zdravlja zubi te proveli projekt o upoznavanju djece s oralno higijenskim navikama.In this thesis we have discussed the importance of the health of preschool children's teeth. We were mainly refering to the oral hygiene which is necessary to keep teeth healthy. It is important to care about oral hygiene from the first year of children's life in the same way as we take care of the health of our whole body. Baby teeth will eventually fall out but they set the foundation for permanent teeth which is why we should not neglect them. Parents have the key role in maintaining childs teeth healthy in the first few years of their life. They encourage them to gain habit of regular oral hygiene and also teach them how correct oral hygiene looks like and why it is important. The best way to encourage them is their own example because children learn by the model even the hygiene habits. They teach them about diet, as well, which has a key role in prevention of all kinds of diseases. Correct diet protects teeth of the most common disease which is caries. In this work, we used theories of other authors, who have been exploring this theme, and compared them. By studying these theories, we got to the cognition of the cosequences which may happen if we don't take care about our oral health and got introduced with prevention of all kinds of teeth diseases. Children should be aware of the diseases and it is important to them to hear about it because it is a big encouragement to them. Even from the earliest years they know that it is better safe than sorry. In the end we thought about methods which may encourage kids to visit dentist, who is important in maintaining oral health, and performed project of introducing children with oral hygiene habits

Zaštita zdravlja zubi u djeteta predškolske dobi

U ovom završnom radu govorimo o važnosti zdravlja zubi u djeteta predškolske dobi. Najviše smo se dotaknuli same higijene zubi koja je nužna kako bi održavali zube zdravima. O oralnoj higijeni važno je brinuti od prvih godina života jednako kao što brinemo o zdravlju tijela. Mliječni zubi će ispasti, ali oni stvaraju temelje za trajne zube i stoga ih ne smijemo zanemarivati. Roditelji imaju glavnu ulogu u održavanju zdravlja zubi djeteta u prvim godinama života. Oni ih potiču na stvaranje navike redovite higijene, ali ih i uče kako izgleda pravilna higijena zuba i zašto je ona važna. Najbolji način na koji ih mogu potaknuti je osobni primjer jer djeca uče po modelu čak i higijenske navike. Također, oni brinu o prehrani koja ima važnu ulogu u prevenciji raznih bolesti. Pravilna prehrana štiti zube od najčešće bolesti zuba, a to je karijes. U radu smo se koristili teorijama drugih autora koji su istraživali tu temu te uspoređivali njihove teorije. Proučavanjem smo došli do saznanja o posljedicama koje se mogu dogoditi ako ne brinemo o zdravlju naših zubi te se upoznali s prevencijom za različite bolesti zubi. Djeca ih moraju biti svjesna i dobro je da to čuju jer im je to velik poticaj. Već od najranije dobi i oni znaju kako je bolje spriječiti nego liječiti. Na kraju smo promišljali o metodama koje bi potaknule djecu na odlazak stomatologu koji je važan u održavanju zdravlja zubi te proveli projekt o upoznavanju djece s oralno higijenskim navikama.In this thesis we have discussed the importance of the health of preschool children's teeth. We were mainly refering to the oral hygiene which is necessary to keep teeth healthy. It is important to care about oral hygiene from the first year of children's life in the same way as we take care of the health of our whole body. Baby teeth will eventually fall out but they set the foundation for permanent teeth which is why we should not neglect them. Parents have the key role in maintaining childs teeth healthy in the first few years of their life. They encourage them to gain habit of regular oral hygiene and also teach them how correct oral hygiene looks like and why it is important. The best way to encourage them is their own example because children learn by the model even the hygiene habits. They teach them about diet, as well, which has a key role in prevention of all kinds of diseases. Correct diet protects teeth of the most common disease which is caries. In this work, we used theories of other authors, who have been exploring this theme, and compared them. By studying these theories, we got to the cognition of the cosequences which may happen if we don't take care about our oral health and got introduced with prevention of all kinds of teeth diseases. Children should be aware of the diseases and it is important to them to hear about it because it is a big encouragement to them. Even from the earliest years they know that it is better safe than sorry. In the end we thought about methods which may encourage kids to visit dentist, who is important in maintaining oral health, and performed project of introducing children with oral hygiene habits

Zaštita zdravlja zubi u djeteta predškolske dobi

U ovom završnom radu govorimo o važnosti zdravlja zubi u djeteta predškolske dobi. Najviše smo se dotaknuli same higijene zubi koja je nužna kako bi održavali zube zdravima. O oralnoj higijeni važno je brinuti od prvih godina života jednako kao što brinemo o zdravlju tijela. Mliječni zubi će ispasti, ali oni stvaraju temelje za trajne zube i stoga ih ne smijemo zanemarivati. Roditelji imaju glavnu ulogu u održavanju zdravlja zubi djeteta u prvim godinama života. Oni ih potiču na stvaranje navike redovite higijene, ali ih i uče kako izgleda pravilna higijena zuba i zašto je ona važna. Najbolji način na koji ih mogu potaknuti je osobni primjer jer djeca uče po modelu čak i higijenske navike. Također, oni brinu o prehrani koja ima važnu ulogu u prevenciji raznih bolesti. Pravilna prehrana štiti zube od najčešće bolesti zuba, a to je karijes. U radu smo se koristili teorijama drugih autora koji su istraživali tu temu te uspoređivali njihove teorije. Proučavanjem smo došli do saznanja o posljedicama koje se mogu dogoditi ako ne brinemo o zdravlju naših zubi te se upoznali s prevencijom za različite bolesti zubi. Djeca ih moraju biti svjesna i dobro je da to čuju jer im je to velik poticaj. Već od najranije dobi i oni znaju kako je bolje spriječiti nego liječiti. Na kraju smo promišljali o metodama koje bi potaknule djecu na odlazak stomatologu koji je važan u održavanju zdravlja zubi te proveli projekt o upoznavanju djece s oralno higijenskim navikama.In this thesis we have discussed the importance of the health of preschool children's teeth. We were mainly refering to the oral hygiene which is necessary to keep teeth healthy. It is important to care about oral hygiene from the first year of children's life in the same way as we take care of the health of our whole body. Baby teeth will eventually fall out but they set the foundation for permanent teeth which is why we should not neglect them. Parents have the key role in maintaining childs teeth healthy in the first few years of their life. They encourage them to gain habit of regular oral hygiene and also teach them how correct oral hygiene looks like and why it is important. The best way to encourage them is their own example because children learn by the model even the hygiene habits. They teach them about diet, as well, which has a key role in prevention of all kinds of diseases. Correct diet protects teeth of the most common disease which is caries. In this work, we used theories of other authors, who have been exploring this theme, and compared them. By studying these theories, we got to the cognition of the cosequences which may happen if we don't take care about our oral health and got introduced with prevention of all kinds of teeth diseases. Children should be aware of the diseases and it is important to them to hear about it because it is a big encouragement to them. Even from the earliest years they know that it is better safe than sorry. In the end we thought about methods which may encourage kids to visit dentist, who is important in maintaining oral health, and performed project of introducing children with oral hygiene habits

Volatile Organic Compounds of Marine Sponge Petrosia ficiformis from the Adriatic Sea

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of Petrosia ficiformis were investigated for the first time. The VOCs from fresh and air-dried sponge were obtained by hydrodistillation and headspace-solid phase microextraction and they were analysed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Aliphatic compounds with octan-3-one (up to 24.02 %), oct-1-en-3-ol (up to 8.65 %) and heptadecane (up to 39.37 %) were the most abundant in the fresh sponge along with benzaldehyde (up to 18.59 %) and diisobutyl phthalate (up to 8.44 %). Higher percentage of N,N-dimethylmethanamine (up to 19.08 %) was found in dried sample headspace and the loss of octan-3-one and benzaldehyde and increase of benzyl alcohol (up to 18.90 %) were noted. The great difference among the fresh and dried sponge VOCs obtained by hydrodistillation was noticed for fatty acids and derivatives abundance and 1H-indole increased (up to 6.00 %) in the dried sponge. Both methods enabled obtaining more complete VOCs profile and drying significantly changed their composition

Hydroponic Production Systems in Greenhouses

Hydroponic production means the growing of vegetables, herbs and ornamental plants and fruits in a nutrient solution (a solution of water and macro- and micronutrients) with or without the use of a substrate that gives the mechanical support to plant. The most important advantages of hydroponics are as follows: continuous cultivation of one crop, better control and supply of plants with water and plant nutrients, reduced occurrence of plant pests and minimized environmental impact and increased water use efficiency. The main hydroponic cultivation technique of fruit vegetables is cultivation on substrates, often called soilless system. Growing substrate (organic, inorganic or synthetic) provides an aseptic environment, good oxygenation and an adequate nutrient solution flow, so the most important substrate properties are biological and chemical inert, porosity and capillarity. Its choice depends on climatic conditions, the type of equipment in the greenhouse and the plant requirements. Hydroponics is also suitable for growing crops with a shorter growing period such as leafy vegetables and herbs. Plants are grown by different growing techniques in a nutrient solution without a substrate (nutrient film technique, floating hydroponics, ebb and flow and aeroponics). These are closed hydroponic systems, which means that drainage nutrient solution is collected, sterilized and reused

Kako povećati nutritivnu kakvoću koprive kontroliranom ishranom

Research background. As food production faces major challenges, modern agricultural practices are increasingly focused on conserving resources, reducing negative environmental impacts and sustainably producing food with a high content of health-promoting phytochemicals. During production, many factors can affect the quality and chemical composition of a final food product. Proper selection of cultivating conditions, especially a balanced nutrition, can significantly increase nutritional value and result in foods with strong biological and functional properties. Stinging nettle is a rich source of minerals, vitamins, pigments, phenols and other bioactive compounds and can be consumed as a green leafy vegetable with beneficial effects on human health. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the nutritional quality and antioxidant capacity of stinging nettle leaves under the influence of different nutrient solution (NS) treatments and three harvest cycles. Experimental approach. The experiment was conducted in a floating hydroponic system in which treatments with different nutrient solutions were applied and three harvest cycles were carried out. After each harvest, the following treatments were applied: treatment 1 – depletion of nutrient solution by adding water, treatment 2 – supplementation of nutrient solution by adding initial nutrient solution and treatment 3 – correction of nutrient solution by adding nutrients. Among the bioactive compounds, minerals, ascorbic acid, phenols and photosynthetic pigments content, as well as antioxidant capacity were analysed spectrophotometrically, while individual phenols were determined by liquid chromatography. Results and conclusions. Different nutrition solution treatments and the number of harvest cycles had a significant effect on the content of the analysed bioactive compounds. The highest mass fraction (on fresh mass basis) of total phenols expressed as gallic acid equivalents (377.04 mg/100 g), total flavonoids expressed as catechol equivalents (279.54 mg/100 g), ascorbic acid (112.37 mg/100 g) and pigments (total chlorophylls 1.84, and total carotenoids 0.36 mg/g) as well as the highest antioxidant capacity expressed as Trolox equivalents (35.47 µmol/g) were recorded in the samples supplemented with nutrient solution (treatment NS2) and analysed after the third harvest. Novelty and scientific contribution. This is the first time that stinging nettle leaves have been produced in a floating hydroponic system by controlled plant nutrition. We have set this type of nutritional manipulation with multiple harvest cycles as an innovative technique for the production of novel food with improved nutritional value that can be consumed as green leafy vegetables.Pozadina istraživanja. Budući da se proizvodnja hrane suočava s velikim izazovima, suvremene poljoprivredne prakse sve su više usmjerene na očuvanje resursa, smanjenje negativnog učinka na okoliš i održivu proizvodnju hrane s velikim udjelom fitokemikalija koje pozitivno utječu na ljudsko zdravlje. Tijekom uzgoja, brojni čimbenici mogu utjecati na kakvoću i kemijski sastav konačnog proizvoda. Pravilnim odabirom uvjeta uzgoja, posebice uravnoteženom ishranom (gnojidbom), može se znatno povećati nutritivna kakvoća sirovine te pozitivno utjecati na njezina biološka i funkcionalna svojstva. Kopriva je bogat izvor mineralnih tvari, vitamina, pigmenata, fenola i drugih bioaktivnih spojeva, a može se konzumirati kao zeleno lisnato povrće blagotvornog učinka na zdravlje ljudi. Stoga je svrha ovog istraživanja bila odrediti nutritivnu kakvoću i antioksidacijski kapacitet lista koprive tretirane različitim hranjivim otopinama tijekom tri ciklusa berbe. Eksperimentalni pristup. Pokus je proveden u plutajućem hidroponskom sustavu u kojem su biljke tretirane različitim hranjivim otopinama tijekom tri ciklusa berbe. Korišteni su sljedeći postupci: tretman 1 – iscrpljivanje hranjive otopine vodom, tretman 2 – prihrana standardnom hranjivom otopinom i tretman 3 – korekcija sastava hranjive otopine dodatkom nutrijenata. Od bioaktivnih spojeva ispitani su maseni udjeli mineralnih tvari, askorbinske kiseline, ukupnih fenola i fotosintetskih pigmenata, te je utvrđen antioksidacijski kapacitet pomoću spektrofotometrije, dok su udjeli pojedinih fenola određeni tekućinskom kromatografijom. Rezultati i zaključci. Različiti tretmani hranjivim otopinama i broj ciklusa berbe bitno su utjecali na udjele ispitanih bioaktivnih spojeva u listu koprive. Najveći udjel (u svježoj masi lista) ukupnih fenola izražen kao ekvivalent galne kiseline (377,04 mg/100 g), ukupnih flavonoida izražen kao ekvivalent katehola (279,54 mg/100 g), askorbinske kiseline (112,37 mg/100 g) i pigmenata (ukupni klorofili 1,84, ukupni karotenoidi 0,36 mg/g), te najveći antioksidacijski kapacitet izražen kao ekvivalent Troloxa (35,47 µmol/g) zabilježeni su u uzorcima prihranjenim standardnom hranjivom otopinom, ispitanim nakon treće berbe. Novina i znanstveni doprinos. Kopriva je prvi put uzgojena u plutajućem hidroponskom sustavu s kontroliranom ishranom biljaka. Ovaj način uzgoja uz višestruke cikluse berbe je postavljen kao inovativna tehnika proizvodnje nove hrane, poboljšane nutritivne vrijednosti, koja se može konzumirati kao zeleno lisnato povrće

Supercritical CO2 Extracts of Satureja montana Dispersed in Deep Eutectic Solvents

Funding Information: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 101003396. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.The aim of this work was to establish the potential of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) for the stabilization of aroma volatile organic compounds from a natural source. Satureja montana was used as a source of volatile components, as it is rich in terpenes of great commercial and biological importance, such as carvacrol, thymol, and thymoquinone, among others. Supercritical CO2 was used to extract the lipophilic fraction of S. montana, which was further directly dispersed in NADES. The stabilizing capacity of seven different NADES based on betaine and glycerol was analyzed. The stability of the components in NADES was monitored by analyzing the headspace profile during 6 months of storage at room temperature. The changes in the headspace profile over time were analyzed by using different statistical and chemometric tools and the Wilcoxon matched pair test. It was determined that alterations over time occurred such as degradation and oxidation, and they were the most prominent in the control. In addition, the indicator of decreased stability of the control was the formation of the new compounds that could compromise the quality of the product. In the stabilized NADES samples, the changes were significantly less prominent, indicating that the NADES had a stabilizing effect on the volatile compounds. According to Wilcoxon matched pair test, the most efficient stability was achieved by using betaine/ethylene glycol, glycerol/glucose, and betaine/sorbitol/water. Therefore, by applying two green solvents, a sustainable approach for obtaining pure and high-quality S. montana extracts with extended stability at room temperature was established.publishersversionpublishe

Organic protection of vegetables based on medicinal plants

Ljekovite i aromatične vrste tradicijski i generacijski nezaobilazni su dio svakog ekološkog povrtnjaka, a njihova višestruka funkcija sve je češći predmet znanstvenih istraživanja. Osim što svojim intenzivnim mirisom i raskošnim izgledom obogaćuju povrtnjak, privlače korisne kukce i oprašivače čime se održava prirodna ravnoteža i potiče bioraznolikost. Posijane ili posađene u blizini povrtnih vrsta kroz združivanje usjeva ili konsocijacije, mogu poticajno djelovati na njihov rast i razvoj, što se očituje kroz pozitivne alelopatske odnose i repelenciju štetnih organizama tla, štetnika na biljkama i uzročnika bolesti (gljivice i bakterije). Premda, zbog alelokemikalija koje aromatične vrste izlučuju mogu djelovati i inhibirajuće na rast i razvoj drugih vrsta u blizini. Zbog toga je prilikom združivanja potrebno poznavati karakter susjedskih odnosa aromatičnih i povrtnih vrsta. Od nekih ljekovitih i aromatičnih biljaka mogu se pripremati botanički pripravci, koji stimulativno djeluju na rast i razvoj biljaka te jačanje njihove otpornosti (bio-gnojiva) ili se koriste u svrhu suzbijanja bolesti i štetnika (bio-insekticidi).Medicinal and aromatic plants of traditional and generational types are part of every organic vegetable garden, and their multiple functions are increasingly the subject of scientific research. Not only do they enrich the vegetable garden with their intense fragrances and luxurious appearance, but they also attract beneficial insects and pollinators, which maintains the natural balance and promotes biodiversity. When sown or planted near vegetable gardens (association of plants or associations), they can stimulate their growth and development, which is manifested by positive allelopathic relationships and repellency of soil pests, then insects on plants and pathogenic microorganisms (fungi and bacteria). However, allelochemicals secreted by aromatic plants can also affect the growth of other species growing nearby. Therefore, when combining, it is necessary to know the neighborly relations of aromatic and plant species. Some medicinal and aromatic plants can be used to produce botanical preparations that stimulate the growth and development of plants and strengthen their resistance (biofertilizers) or for control of diseases and pests (bioinsecticides)

Supercritical CO2 extract from microalga Tetradesmus obliquus: the effect of high-pressure pre-treatment

ABSTRACT: High-pressure pre-treatment followed by supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) extraction (300 bar, 40 degrees C) was applied for the attainment of the lipophilic fraction of microalga Tetradesmus obliquus. The chemical profile of supercritical extracts of T. obliquus was analyzed by ultra-highperformance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (UHPLC-ESI-HRMS). Moreover, the impact of ScCO(2 )on the microbiological and metal profile of the biomass was monitored. The application of the pre-treatment increased the extraction yield approximately three-fold compared to the control. In the obtained extracts (control and pre-treated extracts), the identified components belonged to triacylglyceroles, fatty acid derivatives, diacylglycerophosphocholines and diacylglycerophosphoserines, pigments, terpenes, and steroids. Triacylglycerols (65%) were the most dominant group of compounds in the control extract. The pre-treatment decreased the percentage of triacylglycerols to 2%, while the abundance of fatty acid derivatives was significantly increased (82%). In addition, the pre-treatment led to an increase in the percentages of carotenoids, terpenoids, and steroids. Furthermore, it was determined that ScCO2 extraction reduced the number of microorganisms in the biomass. Considering its microbiological and metal profiles, the biomass after ScCO2 can potentially be used as a safe and important source of organic compounds.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Bioprospecting of Less-Polar Fractions of Ericaria crinita and Ericaria amentacea: Developmental Toxicity and Antioxidant Activity

Ericaria crinita and Ericaria amentacea from the Adriatic Sea (Croatia) were investigated with respect to the presence of less-polar compounds for the first time after fractionation by solid-phase extraction (SPE). The composition of less-polar fractions of freeze-dried E. crinita (FdEc) and E. amentacea (FdEa) were analyzed by high- performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (UHPLC-ESI-HRMS). The major identified compounds were: amides of higher aliphatic acids (palmitoleamide, linoleamide, palmitamide, oleamide and erucamide) and related compounds, carotenoid (fucoxanthin), chlorophyll derivatives (pheophytin a and b and their derivatives) and higher terpenes (loliolide, isoamijiol with its oxidation product), β-stigmasterol and (3β, 6α)-14- methylergosta-8, 24(28)-diene-3, 6-diol). The toxic effects observed on the less-polar fractions obtained from Ericaria species on zebrafish Danio rerio embryos could be associated with the high abundance of all five detected amides. The antioxidant activity of the fractions was evaluated by means of five independent assays, including the reduction of the radical cation (ABTS), the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay and the Folin–Ciocalteu method. A higher antioxidant activity of E. amentacea in comparison to that of the E. crinita fractions was found with IC50 concentrations of 0.072 and 1.177 mg/mL, respectively. The correlation between the activity and the chemical composition revealed that the synergistic effect of different compounds impacted their antioxidant response