Organic protection of vegetables based on medicinal plants

Abstract

Ljekovite i aromatične vrste tradicijski i generacijski nezaobilazni su dio svakog ekološkog povrtnjaka, a njihova višestruka funkcija sve je češći predmet znanstvenih istraživanja. Osim što svojim intenzivnim mirisom i raskošnim izgledom obogaćuju povrtnjak, privlače korisne kukce i oprašivače čime se održava prirodna ravnoteža i potiče bioraznolikost. Posijane ili posađene u blizini povrtnih vrsta kroz združivanje usjeva ili konsocijacije, mogu poticajno djelovati na njihov rast i razvoj, što se očituje kroz pozitivne alelopatske odnose i repelenciju štetnih organizama tla, štetnika na biljkama i uzročnika bolesti (gljivice i bakterije). Premda, zbog alelokemikalija koje aromatične vrste izlučuju mogu djelovati i inhibirajuće na rast i razvoj drugih vrsta u blizini. Zbog toga je prilikom združivanja potrebno poznavati karakter susjedskih odnosa aromatičnih i povrtnih vrsta. Od nekih ljekovitih i aromatičnih biljaka mogu se pripremati botanički pripravci, koji stimulativno djeluju na rast i razvoj biljaka te jačanje njihove otpornosti (bio-gnojiva) ili se koriste u svrhu suzbijanja bolesti i štetnika (bio-insekticidi).Medicinal and aromatic plants of traditional and generational types are part of every organic vegetable garden, and their multiple functions are increasingly the subject of scientific research. Not only do they enrich the vegetable garden with their intense fragrances and luxurious appearance, but they also attract beneficial insects and pollinators, which maintains the natural balance and promotes biodiversity. When sown or planted near vegetable gardens (association of plants or associations), they can stimulate their growth and development, which is manifested by positive allelopathic relationships and repellency of soil pests, then insects on plants and pathogenic microorganisms (fungi and bacteria). However, allelochemicals secreted by aromatic plants can also affect the growth of other species growing nearby. Therefore, when combining, it is necessary to know the neighborly relations of aromatic and plant species. Some medicinal and aromatic plants can be used to produce botanical preparations that stimulate the growth and development of plants and strengthen their resistance (biofertilizers) or for control of diseases and pests (bioinsecticides)