Risk factors for postoperative delirium in hip-fracture patients

Prelom kuka predstavlja veoma estu traumu kod osoba starijeg uzrasta. Jedna od naješih komplikacija kod ovih pacijenata nakon operacije preloma kuka je delirijum. Ciljevi ove disertacije su bili da se sagledaju faktori rizika vezani za pacijenta kao i za hospitalizaciju i hiruršku intervenciju koji su od znaaja za pojavu postoperativnog delirijuma kod pacijenata sa prelomom kuka. Praeno je 277 pacijenata starosti 50 godina sa akutnim prelomom kuka operativno leenih na Institutu za ortopedsku hirurgiju i traumatologiju Klinikog centra Srbije u periodu od 1.4.2010. do 1.4.2011. godine. Ispitivan je uticaj demografskih i socioekonomskih karakteristika, mesta preloma, same hirurške intervencije i vrste anestezije, fizikog zdravlja, broj lekova u linoj terapiji, kognitivnog statusa, poremeaja raspoloženja, funkcionalnog statusa, dužine bolnikog leenja, pojave komplikacija i postoperativnog bola na pojavu postoperativnog delirijuma. Nezavisni prediktori za nastanak postoperativnog delirijuma kod pacijenata sa prelomom kuka prema multivarijantnoj regresionoj analizi su; stariji uzrast ( 85 god.), ošteenje vida, depresija na prijemu, teško kognitivno ošteenje, dehidratacija (urea/kreatinin odnos 14), lošiji fiziki status pacijenata, kao i prisustvo jakog akutnog postoperativnog bola. Od ovih faktora rizika, teško kognitivno ošteenje i jak akutni bol prvog postoperativnog dana su bili najjae povezani sa pojavom postoperativnog delirijuma. Na osnovu rezultata ove disertacije predlaže se uvoenje interventnih mera kojima bi se delovalo na preventibilne faktore rizika radi redukcije incidencije postoperativnog delirijuma sa ciljem spreavanja komplikacija i samanjenje mortalitata kod starijih pacijenata nakon preloma kuka.Hip fracture in the geriatric population is a common injury. One of the most frequent complication in these patients is postoperative delirium. The aims of this dissertation were to examine the patient-related, hospitalization-related, and surgery-related risk factors for occurrence of postoperative delirium in hip-fracture patients. A total of 277 community-dwelling elderly patients ( 50 years) who underwent surgery for hip fracture were observed at the Clinics for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clinical Canter of Serbia in the period 1.4.2010.- 1.4.2011. On admission sociodemographic data, data related to the fracture, cognitive function, presence of depression, functional status, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications and postoperative pain were evaluated. According to multivariate regression analysis independent predictors for postoperative delirium after hip fracture surgery were age, vision impairment, depression on admission, severe cognitive impairment, dehydration (urea/creatinin ratio 14), poor physical status, and severe postoperative pain. The severe cognitive impairment and severe postoperative pain were strongly related to postoperative delirium. Intervention programs for reducing the incidence of delirium should be introduced into routine clinical practice in order to prevent complications and reduced mortality..

Comparative investigations of immune response of calves at different intervals between primary and secondary immunization using inactivated bovine herpes virus 1 vaccine

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is one of the most siginificant causes of infections of the respiratory tract of cattle and immunoprophylaxis has a key role in curbing this infection. The intensity of the immune response against BHV-1 following immunization using inactivated commercial vaccines varies depending on the type of vaccine, but it is generally believed that they provide good protection from the development of the clinical form of the infection, and that they are safe. The paper present the development of the humoral immune response in fattening calves that were immunized against bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) at different time intervals between the primary and the secondary immunization. Calves were administered a commercial vaccine, and then they were divided into two groups which were revaccinated on days 14 or 21. Over a course of the 120 days of the duration of the experiment, blood and nasal mucus were sampled 11 times. The blood serum samples were examined for antibodies to BHV-1 using the virus neutralization (VN) test, and the nasal mucus samples were analyzed using the VN test and the ELISA method. Following revaccination, it was established that there was an increase in the antibody titer in blood of all experimental animals, and it was maintained at a high level up until the very end of the experiment (day 120). In the blood serums, maximum mean values for the antibody titer were determined on day 30 in the group that was revaccinated on day 14, and on day 45 in the group of calves revaccinated on day 21. In nasal mucus, antibodies were established at the earliest, using the virus neutralization test, on day 14 following vaccination, and using the ELISA method only after revaccination. The highest antibody titer in nasal mucus was established on day 45 in the group revaccinated on day 21, and on day 120 in the group revaccinated on day 14. Based on the established antibody titer values, calves can be revaccinated using the inactivated BHV-1 vaccine already on day 14. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 31084

MANAGING STOCKS OF SARDINES IN THE CROATIAN PART OF THE ADRIATIC SEA

Autori predstavljaju rezultate modelskog istraživanja kojim se potvrđuje bioekonometrijski pristup upravljanja fondom srdele Sardina pilchardus (Walb.,1972) na istočnoj obali hrvatskog dijela Jadranskog mora. Nastojali su, metodološki i teoretski odraditi polazne scenarije za rješavanje aktualnih problema upravljanja fondom srdele te ih izvući iz dosadašnjeg, strogo, empirijsko-prakticističkog konteksta. U tom smislu, za hrvatske prilike kreirana je stanovita istraživačka paradigma, sjedinivši kvantitativni i kvalitativni pristup upravljanja fondom srdele. Uzimajući biološke parametre fonda kao polazne veličine interaktivno se izvodio ekonometrijski dio spajajući ga time u cjeloviti bioekonometrijski model. Model je definiran kroz tri pretpostavljena scenarija, i to: (1) demisiju i prenamjenu manje učinkovitog dijela ribarske flote iz profesionalnog ribarstva, (2) uvođenje mreža veće selektivnosti ulova i (3) promjenu razine troškovno-cjenovnog poticanja ulova. Koristeći programski paket Mefisto došlo se do zaključka da svaki od izvedenih scenarija pokazuje polarizirajuću prednost u biološkim i ekonomskim veličinama u odnosu na postojeće stanje. Tražeći među scenarijima optimalnu biološko-ekonomsku kombinaciju prednosti, scenarij demisije i prenamjene postojeće ribarske flote, pokazalo se najprihvatljivijom strategijom u odnosu na polazište problema. Dugoročno sagledavanje optimalne veličine fonda srdele, na istočnom dijelu Jadranskog mora, upućuje da treba voditi računa o broju ribarske flote odnosno demisiji manje učinkovitijih brodova iz profesionalnog ribarstva.The results of a model research to affirm the bioeconometrica approach to sardine stocks management on the eastern coast of the Croatian part of the Adriatic sea are presented. The aim was to define methodologically and theoretically the starting scenarios for solving current problems in sardine stocks management extracting them from strictly empirical context. With this in mind a research pattern for Croatian conditions was created integrating quantitative and qualitative approach to sardine stocks management. Taking biological stock parameters as the starting value econometric part was carried out thus interactively integrating it into the complete bioeconometric model. The model was defined in three presumed scenarios: 1) demission and conversion of sell efficient part of fishing fleet from professional fishing, 2) introduction of nets of higher catch selectivity and 3) changing the level of cost-expenses catch subsidizing. Using the Mephisto program package it was established that each of the scenarios applied showed a polarizing advantage in biological and economic values in relation to the existing status. Seeking among the scenarios the optimal biological and economic advantages the demission and conversion of the existing fishing fleet appeared to be the best acceptable strategy with respect to the problem. Long – term consideration of the optimal value of sardine stocks in the eastern part of the Adriatic sea indicates that the number of fishing fleet and demission of less efficient boats from professional fishing should be taken account of

MANAGING STOCKS OF SARDINES IN THE CROATIAN PART OF THE ADRIATIC SEA

Autori predstavljaju rezultate modelskog istraživanja kojim se potvrđuje bioekonometrijski pristup upravljanja fondom srdele Sardina pilchardus (Walb.,1972) na istočnoj obali hrvatskog dijela Jadranskog mora. Nastojali su, metodološki i teoretski odraditi polazne scenarije za rješavanje aktualnih problema upravljanja fondom srdele te ih izvući iz dosadašnjeg, strogo, empirijsko-prakticističkog konteksta. U tom smislu, za hrvatske prilike kreirana je stanovita istraživačka paradigma, sjedinivši kvantitativni i kvalitativni pristup upravljanja fondom srdele. Uzimajući biološke parametre fonda kao polazne veličine interaktivno se izvodio ekonometrijski dio spajajući ga time u cjeloviti bioekonometrijski model. Model je definiran kroz tri pretpostavljena scenarija, i to: (1) demisiju i prenamjenu manje učinkovitog dijela ribarske flote iz profesionalnog ribarstva, (2) uvođenje mreža veće selektivnosti ulova i (3) promjenu razine troškovno-cjenovnog poticanja ulova. Koristeći programski paket Mefisto došlo se do zaključka da svaki od izvedenih scenarija pokazuje polarizirajuću prednost u biološkim i ekonomskim veličinama u odnosu na postojeće stanje. Tražeći među scenarijima optimalnu biološko-ekonomsku kombinaciju prednosti, scenarij demisije i prenamjene postojeće ribarske flote, pokazalo se najprihvatljivijom strategijom u odnosu na polazište problema. Dugoročno sagledavanje optimalne veličine fonda srdele, na istočnom dijelu Jadranskog mora, upućuje da treba voditi računa o broju ribarske flote odnosno demisiji manje učinkovitijih brodova iz profesionalnog ribarstva.The results of a model research to affirm the bioeconometrica approach to sardine stocks management on the eastern coast of the Croatian part of the Adriatic sea are presented. The aim was to define methodologically and theoretically the starting scenarios for solving current problems in sardine stocks management extracting them from strictly empirical context. With this in mind a research pattern for Croatian conditions was created integrating quantitative and qualitative approach to sardine stocks management. Taking biological stock parameters as the starting value econometric part was carried out thus interactively integrating it into the complete bioeconometric model. The model was defined in three presumed scenarios: 1) demission and conversion of sell efficient part of fishing fleet from professional fishing, 2) introduction of nets of higher catch selectivity and 3) changing the level of cost-expenses catch subsidizing. Using the Mephisto program package it was established that each of the scenarios applied showed a polarizing advantage in biological and economic values in relation to the existing status. Seeking among the scenarios the optimal biological and economic advantages the demission and conversion of the existing fishing fleet appeared to be the best acceptable strategy with respect to the problem. Long – term consideration of the optimal value of sardine stocks in the eastern part of the Adriatic sea indicates that the number of fishing fleet and demission of less efficient boats from professional fishing should be taken account of

Available control measures for Q fever in sheep

Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Gram-negative bacteria, Coxiella burnetii. This antropozoonosis is characterized by a wide spectrum of hosts and vectors. Primary role of domestic animals as reservoirs of human infections emphasizes the accurate prompt detection of Q fever in domestic animals. This microbe can survive for months and even years in dust or soil. Sanitation of endemic foci of Q fever is practically pretty close to impossible because of the high resistance of the causative agent, small infectious dose and various epidemiologies. Within the group of zooantroponoses, Q fever takes a leading position in the region of Vojvodina. This is why Q-fever is considered a specific problem of this province. Control programs against Q fever in sheep and cattle, most frequently recommend serological examination and vaccination of animals. In animals, the most effective vaccines are those composed of inactivated whole phase I bacteria. Bacterial shedding in placental tissue and milk was reduced in experimental infection or in natural C.burnetii infection of sheep and cows vaccinated by phase I vaccines. One of the recommended measures is excluding positive reactors from the flock followed by continuous monitoring and separation of seropositive animals. Milk from seropositive cows must be pasteurized. The aim of the vaccination after lambing season, is to prevent new infections until next lambing of young animals, which were not pregnant. Well-timed sequential vaccination before pregnancy reduces the risk of C.burnetii infection, highly prevents the abortions decreases the shedding rate of C.burnetii after the abortion

Koncentracija laktoferina u mlijeku krava tijekom involucije mliječne žlijezde s različitim bakteriološkim nalazima.

Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein of the transferrin family, present in high concentrations in secretions from the mammary glands during the involution period, and has antimicrobial ability. To determine lactoferrin concentrations in bovine milk with different bacteriological findings, 151 quarter milk samples were collected on a dairy farm of the Holstein-Friesian breed in Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia. Classical microbiological methods were used for bacteria isolation, and ELISA analysis was used for lactoferrin concentration quantification. The most common isolated bacteria in bovine milk samples were Corynebacterium spp. (32.45%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (4.64%) with lactoferrin concentrations of 6.0497 ± 1.6774 mg/mL and 5.2961 ± 1.3633 mg/mL, respectively. The lowest mean value of lactoferrin concentration was observed in uninfected quarters and quarters infected with environmental pathogens, while the highest concentration of lactoferrin was in udder quarters infected with Streptococcus agalactiae. One in four milk samples where Staphylococcus aureus was isolated had much lower lactoferrin concentrations (1.1736 mg/mL) than the other three samples (6.2089 ± 0.5016 mg/mL), which requires further research.Laktoferin, glikoprotein koji veže željezo, pripadnik porodice bjelančevina transferin, prisutan je u visokoj koncentraciji u sekretu mliječne žlijezde tijekom involucije i posjeduje antimikrobnu sposobnost. Radi utvrđivanja koncentracije laktoferina u mlijeku krava s različitim bakteriološkim nalazima, prikupljen je 151 pojedinačni uzorak mlijeka na farmi holštajn-frizijske pasmine na području Autonomne pokrajine Vojvodine Republike Srbije. Za identifikaciju bakterija korištene su klasične mikrobiološke metode i ELISA za određivanje koncentracije laktoferina. Najčešće izdvojene bakterije u uzorcima mlijeka krava bile su Corynebacterium spp. (32,45%) s koncentracijom laktoferina 6,0497 ± 1,6774 mg/mL i koagulaza negativni stafilokoki (4,64%) s koncentracijom laktoferina 5,2961 ± 1,3633 mg/mL. Najniža srednja vrijednost koncentracije laktoferina zabilježena je u negativnim četvrtima vimena i četvrtima inficiranim bakterijama iz okoliša, dok je najviša koncentracija laktoferina bila u četvrtima vimena inficiranima vrstom Streptococcus agalactiae. Jedan od četiriju uzoraka mlijeka gdje je bio izdvojen Staphylococcus aureus imao je znatno nižu vrijednost laktoferina (1,1736 mg/mL) od ostala tri uzorka (6,2089 ± 0,5016 mg/mL), što zahtijeva daljnja istraživanja

Cosmological measurements from void-galaxy and galaxy-galaxy clustering in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

We present the cosmological implications of measurements of void-galaxy and galaxy-galaxy clustering from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Main Galaxy Sample (MGS), Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), and extended BOSS (eBOSS) luminous red galaxy catalogues from SDSS Data Release 7, 12, and 16, covering the redshift range $0.07 < z < 1.0$. We fit a standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model as well as various extensions including a constant dark energy equation of state not equal to $-1$, a time-varying dark energy equation of state, and these same models allowing for spatial curvature. Results on key parameters of these models are reported for void-galaxy and galaxy-galaxy clustering alone, both of these combined, and all these combined with measurements from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and supernovae (SN). For the combination of void-galaxy and galaxy-galaxy clustering plus CMB and SN, we find tight constraints of $\Omega_\mathrm{m} = 0.3127\pm 0.0055$ for a base $\Lambda$CDM cosmology, $\Omega_\mathrm{m} = 0.3172\pm 0.0061, w = -0.930\pm 0.039$ additionally allowing the dark energy equation of state $w$ to vary, and $\Omega_\mathrm{m} = 0.3239\pm 0.0085, w = -0.889\pm 0.052, \mathrm{and}\ \Omega_\mathrm{k} = -0.0031\pm 0.0028$ further extending to non-flat models.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures. Submitted to MNRA

Breaking degeneracies with the Sunyaev-Zeldovich full bispectrum

Large scale structure and cosmolog

MANAGING STOCKS OF SARDINES IN THE CROATIAN PART OF THE ADRIATIC SEA

Autori predstavljaju rezultate modelskog istraživanja kojim se potvrđuje bioekonometrijski pristup upravljanja fondom srdele Sardina pilchardus (Walb.,1972) na istočnoj obali hrvatskog dijela Jadranskog mora. Nastojali su, metodološki i teoretski odraditi polazne scenarije za rješavanje aktualnih problema upravljanja fondom srdele te ih izvući iz dosadašnjeg, strogo, empirijsko-prakticističkog konteksta. U tom smislu, za hrvatske prilike kreirana je stanovita istraživačka paradigma, sjedinivši kvantitativni i kvalitativni pristup upravljanja fondom srdele. Uzimajući biološke parametre fonda kao polazne veličine interaktivno se izvodio ekonometrijski dio spajajući ga time u cjeloviti bioekonometrijski model. Model je definiran kroz tri pretpostavljena scenarija, i to: (1) demisiju i prenamjenu manje učinkovitog dijela ribarske flote iz profesionalnog ribarstva, (2) uvođenje mreža veće selektivnosti ulova i (3) promjenu razine troškovno-cjenovnog poticanja ulova. Koristeći programski paket Mefisto došlo se do zaključka da svaki od izvedenih scenarija pokazuje polarizirajuću prednost u biološkim i ekonomskim veličinama u odnosu na postojeće stanje. Tražeći među scenarijima optimalnu biološko-ekonomsku kombinaciju prednosti, scenarij demisije i prenamjene postojeće ribarske flote, pokazalo se najprihvatljivijom strategijom u odnosu na polazište problema. Dugoročno sagledavanje optimalne veličine fonda srdele, na istočnom dijelu Jadranskog mora, upućuje da treba voditi računa o broju ribarske flote odnosno demisiji manje učinkovitijih brodova iz profesionalnog ribarstva.The results of a model research to affirm the bioeconometrica approach to sardine stocks management on the eastern coast of the Croatian part of the Adriatic sea are presented. The aim was to define methodologically and theoretically the starting scenarios for solving current problems in sardine stocks management extracting them from strictly empirical context. With this in mind a research pattern for Croatian conditions was created integrating quantitative and qualitative approach to sardine stocks management. Taking biological stock parameters as the starting value econometric part was carried out thus interactively integrating it into the complete bioeconometric model. The model was defined in three presumed scenarios: 1) demission and conversion of sell efficient part of fishing fleet from professional fishing, 2) introduction of nets of higher catch selectivity and 3) changing the level of cost-expenses catch subsidizing. Using the Mephisto program package it was established that each of the scenarios applied showed a polarizing advantage in biological and economic values in relation to the existing status. Seeking among the scenarios the optimal biological and economic advantages the demission and conversion of the existing fishing fleet appeared to be the best acceptable strategy with respect to the problem. Long – term consideration of the optimal value of sardine stocks in the eastern part of the Adriatic sea indicates that the number of fishing fleet and demission of less efficient boats from professional fishing should be taken account of