A Modified Architecture for Radix-4 Booth Multiplier with Adaptive Hold Logic

High speed digital multipliers are most efficiently used in many applications such as Fourier transform, discrete cosine transforms, and digital filtering. The throughput of the multipliers is based on speed of the multiplier, and then the entire performance of the circuit depends on it. The pMOS transistor in negative bias cause negative bias temperature instability (NBTI), which increases the threshold voltage of the transistor and reduces the multiplier speed. Similarly, the nMOS transistor in positive bias cause positive bias temperature instability (PBTI).These effects reduce the transistor speed and the system may fail due to timing violations. So here a new multiplier was designed with novel adaptive hold logic (AHL) using Radix-4 Modified Booth Multiplier. By using Radix-4 Modified Booth Encoding (MBE), we can reduce the number of partial products by half. Modified booth multiplier helps to provide higher throughput with low power consumption. This can adjust the AHL circuit to reduce the performance degradation. The expected result will be reduce threshold voltage, increase throughput and speed and also reduce power. This modified multiplier design is coded by Verilog and simulated using Xilinx ISE 12.1 and implemented in Spartan 3E FPGA kit

MULTI-PHOTON ABSORPTION INDUCED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE IN DOPED SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS AND HETERO-NANOSTRUCTURES

Ph.DNUS-IITM JOINT PH.D

Analysis of factors determining thermal changes at osteotomy site in dental implant placement - An in-vitro study

Heat generation during osteotomy site preparation is a crucial factor that determines the success of dental implant placement. Among the factors that affect the heat generation, drilling speed, hand pressure and coolant temperature are independent variab

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some novel N-substituted benzimidazoles

Synthesis of a series of new substituted benzimidazole derivatives by the condensation of     o-phenylenediamine with urea to give 1,3-dihydro-benzimidazol-2-one which reacted with phosphoryl chloride to give 2-chloro-1H-benzimidazole is reported. The product was then alkylated at the benzimidazole NH with different electrophilic reagents leading to functionalized derivatives. Structures of the newly synthesized products have been deduced on the basis of spectral and analytical data. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity. This exhibited some promising results towards testing organism in-vitro

Perfectionism, anxiety, and depressive distress: Evidence for the mediating role of negative automatic thoughts and anxiety sensitivity

This study assessed a mediational model in which negative automatic thoughts and anxiety sensitivity were hypothesized to mediate the relationship between perfectionism cognitions and depressive and anxiety symptoms.Participants: Participants were undergraduate students from an urban Canadian university. The data were collected from July 2009 to August 2010.Methods: In a cross-sectional evaluation, 992 undergraduate participants completed questionnaires that assessed perfectionism cognitions, negative automatic thinking, anxiety sensitivity, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. Mediational analysis confirmed the role of anxiety sensitivity and negative automatic thoughts in mediating the association between perfectionistic cognitions, anxiety symptoms, and depressive distress. Furthermore, in line with previous studies, nearly a third of students displayed an elevated prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms. This study further clarified the associations and mediating relationships among mood states associated with perfectionism.Social Science and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC

Synthesis of some novel benzimidazole derivatives and their biological evaluation

A series of novel benzimidazole derivatives have been synthesized by the condensation of o-phenylenediamine with 4-bromophenoxy acetic acid and product obtained was alkylated at the benzimidazole -NH with different electrophilic reagents. Subsequent reactions of the products by the Suzuki Coupling between benzimidazole derivatives and phenylboronic acid derivatives were accomplished. All these compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, MS and elemental analysis. These compounds were screened for their potential antibacterial and antifungal activities. This exhibited some promising results towards testing organism in-vitro

Intrinsic Doping in Electrodeposited ZnS Thin Films for Application in Large-Area Optoelectronic Devices

Zinc sulphide (ZnS) thin films with both n- and p-type electrical conductivity were grown on glass/fluorine-doped tin oxide-conducting substrates from acidic and aqueous solution containing ZnSO4 and (NH4)2S2O3 by simply changing the deposition potential in a two-electrode cell configuration. After deposition, the films were characterised using various analytical techniques. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the materials are amorphous even after heat treatment. Optical properties (transmittance, absorbance and optical bandgap) of the films were studied. The bandgaps of the films were found to be in the range (3.68–3.86) eV depending on the growth voltage. Photoelectrochemical cell measurements show both n- and p-type electrical conductivity for the films depending on the growth voltage. Scanning electron microscopy shows material clusters on the surface with no significant change after heat treatment at different temperatures. Atomic force microscopy shows that the surface roughness of these materials remain fairly constant reducing only from 18 nm to 17 nm after heat treatment. Thickness estimation of the films was also carried out using theoretical and experimental methods. Direct current conductivity measurements on both as-deposited and annealed films show that resistivity increased after heat treatment

Corticospinal excitability as a biomarker of myofascial pain syndrome

Abstract Introduction: Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common chronic pain disorder that lacks effective diagnostic criteria. To better understand neurophysiological changes in chronic pain, several trials exploring corticospinal excitability in different populations of patients with chronic pain have been performed. Objectives: In this systematic review, we aimed to investigate the current literature on MPS and intracortical disinhibition, by means of increased intracortical facilitation and decreased intracortical inhibition (ICI). Methods: We performed a search on PubMed to identify clinical trials on MPS and transcranial magnetic stimulation measurements. We then applied the Harford Hill criteria to the identified studies to assess the possible causal relationship between intracortical disinhibition measurements and MPS. Finally, we compared our findings on MPS with other chronic pain conditions. Results: Four studies assessing corticospinal excitability in patients with MPS were found. Although the amount of trials available is limited, all the reported studies indicated an increased intracortical disinhibition in patients with MPS. Importantly, these measurements were also correlated with psychological factors, such as pain catastrophism, or anxiety. However, based on the Harford Hill criteria, we could not assert a strong causal relationship between these markers and MPS. Although intracortical disinhibition has been consistently found in patients having MPS, this lack of cortical inhibition was not only observed in this specific chronic pain syndrome but also in fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain conditions. Conclusion: Intracortical disinhibition seems to be a marker that has been consistently observed in MPS. Future prospective cohort studies could provide new insights in the development of neoplastic and maladaptive changes occurring in chronic pain syndromes and help the development of new therapeutic options