Those with Disabilities Take Heed: Eighth Circuit Suggests That ADA May Not Protect Those Who Fail to Control a Controllable Disability

Finding that millions of Americans suffer discrimination as a result of a disability, the federal government enacted the Americans with Disabilities Act ( ADA ) in an attempt to rectify and prevent such injustice.2 For the most part, many will find themselves within the ADA\u27s protection. At times, however, an individual may be unable to establish a prima facie case of discrimination, thereby finding himself excluded In Burroughs v. City of Springfield, a case of first impression, the Eighth Circuit considered whether the ADA\u27s protection extends to one who fails to control his diabetes.\u27 The court determined that failure to control a controllable disability, to the extent that it negatively impacts one\u27s ability to . meet the employer\u27s legitimate job expectations, does not warrant protection by the AD

Le déluge et la Crise messinienne

National audienceLa Crise messinienne débuta il y a 5,971 Millions d’années (Ma) pour s’achever 500 000 ans plus tard. L’eau, qu’elle soit salée, saumâtre ou douce, y a tenu un rôle déterminant. La fin de crise s’est soldée par un déluge d’une violence inouïe tirant sa source dansl’ampleur même de la crise, à savoir l’évaporation quasi-totale de la Mer Méditerranée. Depuis 14 Ma, la Méditerranée est un appendice de l’Océan Atlantique. La tectonique a fermé successivement trois corridors pour n’en laisser qu’un seul au sud du Rif (figure 1a-b). Les stades de la Crise messinienne sont bien datés par les microfossiles marins, le paléomagnétisme, la cyclostratigraphie

Transform Domain Based Channel Estimation for 3GPP/LTE Systems

ISBN 978-953-307-114-5International audienc

The GOLD project - Drilling in the Western Mediterranean Sea

ECORD NEWSLETTER 16The "GOLD" IODP Project aims to recover the complete history of the Gulf of Lion (25-30 Ma) with a specific focus on Global Climate and Sea-level Changes, Extreme Events, Margin formation, Natural Resources and the Deep Biosphere using dedicated drilling Platform (MSP, Joides and Chikyu). It should be emphasized that no academic drillings dealing with pre-5million years exist in the Mediterranean Sea

DFT Based Channel Estimation Methods for MIMO-OFDM Systems

ISBN 978-953-307-223-4International audienc

La Mappa Mundi d’Albi. Culture géographique et représentation du monde au haut Moyen Âge, éd. Emmanuelle Vagnon et Sandrine Victor

C’est à une archive exceptionnelle qu’est consacré cet ouvrage : la mappemonde d’Albi, la plus ancienne mappemonde conservée. Les contributions rassemblées ici sont issues d’un séminaire consacré à cette source, qui, comme le rappelle Geneviève Bührer-Thierry dans sa préface, a également donné lieu à une exposition, un film documentaire et un colloque, dont les actes ont été publiés dans la revue du Comité Français de Cartographie (Cartes et géomatique n° 234, 2017), suite à son inscription ..

Integrated non-invasive investigations of captive Abyssinian colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza): behaviour, stress and parasitism

The prime aim of the present study was to investigate the welfare of Abyssinian colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza kikuyuensis) held in captivity, by behavioural, endocrinological and parasitological approaches. Five groups of colobus monkeys were studied, in the UK at Port Lympne Zoo, Banham Zoo and Paignton Zoo (separate male and female groups) and in France at La Boissière du Doré Zoo. Overall, the patterns of behavioural activity for captive colobus monkeys agree with observations of wild colobus monkeys, suggesting that there was generally good welfare at all zoos. However, local differences in group composition (i.e. age and gender) or management practices were shown to affect activity budgets. At Banham Zoo, where colobus monkeys had access to a large paddock and food was offered only twice a day, animals spent significantly more time foraging/feeding than other groups which received three meals a day. At Paignton Zoo (adult male only group) animals spent more time resting alone and less time resting socially or being social than other zoos. Generally, across zoos, older, higher ranking animals spent less time moving and more time feeding than younger, more subordinate ones. Social dominance rank and linearity of the hierarchy in the five groups of colobus was determined. Large mixed groups of colobus monkeys including both males and females displayed strong linear dominance hierarchies, but in single sex groups, the strength of the hierarchy was found to depend on local events and group composition. Generally, male colobus monkeys displayed most of the dominance behaviour, however, females were an integral part of the dominance hierarchy with unidirectional dominant behaviour between both genders in large mixed groups. Factors such as life history, which may influence social dominance ranking, were investigated. Index of success (another measurement of dominance rank) was mainly explained by age and gender. Social behaviours such as play behaviour and grooming were also associated with ranking. Older, more dominant animals were more often the recipient of grooming behaviour whereas younger more subordinate animals spent more time playing.. Faecal egg counts of the intestinal nematode parasite, Trichuris trichiura, were investigated in relation to individual index of success, age, gender, and husbandry practices at each zoo. No significant differences in egg count were observed between genders. Egg count was explained by the index of success and anti-helmintic practices at zoos. The highest count of eggs were observed at La Boissière du Doré Zoo, probably due to the fact animals were locked in for several months in the winter, therefore favouring re-infection of infective larvae. The lowest count of Trichuris egg was at Paignton Zoo female group, who had the largest enclosure, with very low animal density. Counts of eggs were at their lowest in the winter compared to other season of the year. Differences between zoos seem to result from anti-helmintic practices coupled with the influence of enclosure size and husbandry regimes. Faecal glucocorticoids and their metabolites, in colobus monkeys held in the five groups, were measured by radioimmunoassay and investigated in relation to index of success, levels of aggression, gender, age and reproductive status of females. The overall dominant animals in various groups had higher levels of faecal glucocorticoids. Males had significantly lower faecal glucocorticoid than females, and pregnant females had higher levels than others. The older, higher ranking colobus monkeys initiated significantly more acts of aggression than younger, lower ranking animals. Seasonal variation in faecal cortisol equivalents were observed in the autumn where higher levels were recorded compared to other seasons. Comparison of faecal content of cortisol equivalents of the different groups showed the lowest levels at Port Lympne Zoo and Banham Zoo while the highest levels were at Paignton Zoo (female groups). This suggests that the large multi-male, multi-female groups had the lowest levels of stress and associated high levels of welfare. These studies lead to the recommendation that single sex groups of captive Abyssinian colobus monkeys should be avoided, particularly when this involves breaking down the social structure of established groups.n/

Messinian erosional and salinity crises: View from the Provence Basin (Gulf of Lions, Western Mediterranean)

International audienceThough the late Miocene “Messinian Salinity Crisis” has been intensely researched along the circum-Mediterranean basins, few studies have focused on the central part of the Mediterranean Basin and, especially, the pre-salt deposits. To improve our knowledge of the Messinian events, it is imperative to better understand this domain. In this study, we provide a more complete understanding of this central domain in the Provence Basin. We were able to recognize: a) thick marine detrital series (up to 1000 m) derived from the Messinian subaerial erosion which is partly prolongated in the distal part by b) a thick unit of deep marine deposits (up to 800 m) prior to the evaporites; c) a thick presumed alternation of detritals and evaporites (1500 m) below the mobile halite; and d) a two-step transgression at the end of the Messinian. Spatially, we document the eroded shelf to the deep basin (and from the western to the eastern parts of the Gulf of Lions), and temporally, we extend the interpretations from the early deposition of detritic sediments to the final sea-level rise. The results provide a new basis for discussion not only for the development of the Messinian Salinity Crisis but also for the reconstruction of the subsidence history of the Provence Basin

Facies architecture of Miocene subaqueous clinothems of the New Jersey passive margin: Results from IODP-ICDP Expedition 313

Understanding the history, causes, and impact of sea-level changes is a challenge for our societies that face accelerated global sea-level rise. In this context, improvement of our knowledge of sea-level changes and shoreline migration at geological time scales is critical. The preserved, laterally correlative sedimentary record of continental erosion on passive margins has been used to reconstruct past sea level. However, the detailed nature of a basic clinothem progradational pattern observed on many of these margins is still poorly known. This paper describes the sedimentary facies and interprets the depositional environments and the architecture of the clinothems of the New Jersey shelf (offshore northeastern USA) to depict the origin and controls of the distribution of the sediment on the margin. We analyze 612 cores totaling 1311 m in length collected at three sites 60 km offshore Atlantic City, New Jersey, during International Ocean Discovery Program–International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (IODP-ICDP) Expedition 313. The three sites sampled the lower to middle Miocene passive margin sediments of the New Jersey shelf clinothems. We also collected wireline logs at the three sites and tied the sedimentary architecture to the geometry observed on seismic profiles. The observed sediment distribution in the clinoform complex differs from that of current models based on seismic data, which predict a progressive increase in mud and decrease in sand contents in a seaward direction. In contrast, we observe that the clinoforms are largely composed of muds, with sands and coarser material concentrated at the rollover, the bottomset, and the toe of the slope. The shelf clinothem topsets are storm-influenced mud whereas the foreset slope is composed of a mud wedge largely dominated by density current deposits (e.g., low-density turbidites and debrites). The architecture of the clinothem complex includes a composite stack of ~30-m-thick clinothem units each made up of four systems tracts (Transgressive, Highstand, Forced-Regres­sive, and Lowstand Systems Tract) building individual transgressive-regres­sive sequences. The presence of mud-rich facies deposited during highstands on the topset of the clinoform, 40–60 km offshore from the sand-prone shoreface deposit (observed in the New Jersey onshore delta plain), and the lack of subaerial erosion (and continental depositional environments) point to a depositional model involving a subaerial delta (onshore) feeding a distant subaqueous delta. During forced regressions, shelf-edge deltas periodically overstep the stacks of flood-influenced, offshore-marine mud wedges of the New Jersey subaqueous delta, bringing sand to the rollover and building up the large-scale shelf-prism clinothems. The clinothem complex develops on a gently dipping platform with a ramp-like morphology (apparent dip of 0.75°–0.5°) below mean storm wave base, in 30–50 m of water depth, 40–60 km seaward of the coastal area. Its shape depends on the balance between accom­mo­da­tion and sedimentation rates. Subaqueous deltas show higher accumulation rates than their subaerial counterparts and prograde three times further and faster than their contemporaneous shoreline. The increase in the intensity of waves (height and recurrence intervals) favors the separation between subaqueous and subaerial deltas, and as a consequence, the formation of a flat topset geometry, a decrease in flood events and fluvial discharge, an overall progressive decrease in sediment grain size (from sequence m5.45, ca. 17.8–17.7 Ma, onwards), as well as an increase in sedimentation rates on the foresets of the clinoforms. All of these are recognized as preliminary signals that might characterize the entry into the Neogene icehouse world