MOTIVATION FOR CHANGE IN ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION: BRIEF INTERVENTION AS A MOTIVATIONAL STRATEGY

Objective: to analyze the effect of brief intervention on motivation to change alcohol consumption.Method: experimental, follow-up study, conducted with 43 participants in two Basic Health Units. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the Change Readiness Ruler, and a socioeconomic questionnaire were applied.Results: The experimental group showed a median equal to 10 points (maintenance stage) at the beginning and after 30 days. In the segment, the median was equal to eight points (action stage). The control group had a median equal to eight points at the beginning and after 30 days (action stage). In the segment, median equal to seven points (planning stage). In the 30-day intermediate evaluation, it was noted that there was a statistical difference in motivation between the two groups (p=0.029).Conclusion: it was concluded that the Brief Intervention was effective in maintaining motivation in the stages of action and maintenance of change in the consumption of alcoholic drinks

MOTIVAÇÃO PARA MUDANÇA NO CONSUMO DE BEBIDAS ALCOÓLICAS: INTERVENÇÃO BREVE COMO ESTRATÉGIA MOTIVACIONAL

Objetivo: analisar o efeito da intervenção breve na motivação para mudança do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas.Método: estudo experimental, de follow-up, realizado com 43 participantes em duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Foi aplicado o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, a Régua de Prontidão para Mudança e um questionário socioeconômico. Resultados: o grupo experimental apresentou mediana igual a 10 pontos (fase de manutenção) no início e após 30 dias. No segmento, mediana igual a oito pontos (estágio de ação). O grupo- controle, mediana igual a oito pontos no início e após 30 dias (fase de ação). No segmento, a mediana igual a sete pontos (fase de planejamento). Na avaliação intermediária de 30 dias, notou-se que houve diferença estatística na motivação entre os dois grupos (p=0,029).Conclusão: concluiu-se que a Intervenção Breve foi eficaz para manter a motivação nos estágios de ação e manutenção da mudança no consumo de bebidas alcoólicas

MOTIVACIÓN PARA EL CAMBIO EN EL CONSUMO DE ALCOHOL: LA INTERVENCIÓN BREVE COMO ESTRATEGIA MOTIVACIONAL

Objetivo: analizar el efecto de una intervención breve sobre la motivación para el cambio en el consumo de alcohol.Método: Estudio experimental, de seguimiento, realizado con 43 participantes en dos Unidades Básicas de Salud. Se aplicó el Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, la Regla de Disposición al Cambio y un cuestionario socioeconómico.Resultados: el grupo experimental mostró una mediana igual a 10 puntos (fase de mantenimiento) al principio y después de 30 días. En el segmento, la mediana era igual a ocho puntos (etapa de acción). El grupo de control tenía una mediana igual a ocho puntos al principio y después de 30 días (etapa de acción). En el segmento, la mediana es igual a siete puntos (fase de planificación). En la evaluación intermedia de 30 días, se observó que había una diferencia estadística en la motivación entre los dos grupos (p=0,029).Conclusión: se concluyó que la Intervención Breve fue eficaz para mantener la motivación en las etapas de acción y mantenimiento del cambio en el consumo de alcohol

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

O uso problemático de álcool e drogas pelos universitários : conhecer para prevenir

O consumo de substâncias psicoativas (SPA) entre os universitários é mais frequente que na população em geral, o que reforça a necessidade de um maior conhecimento desse fenômeno para o desenvolvimento de ações de prevenção. Objetivo: construir um perfil do universitário no município de Governador Valadares e obter subsídios para a construção de uma estratégia de intervenção preventiva a partir da perspectiva dos próprios universitários. Método: Um estudo transversal realizado com 384 universitários das faculdades/universidades do município, com aplicação de um questionário estruturado, a fim de obter dados sociodemográficos e caracterização da amostra, padrão de consumo e frequência do uso, possibilidade de sofrimento mental, caracterização dos fatores de risco e proteção ao uso e intervenções preventivas mais eficazes na opinião dos universitários. Para análise dos dados foi utilizada a prova Qui-quadrado ou Escala de Fisher e o método da Regressão Logística, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Dentre os principais resultados, destaca-se: a) o uso na vida predominante de álcool (57,3%), seguido de maconha (42,2%) e tabaco (41,7%); uso intenso apenas para o álcool (28%); 18,5% dos universitários podem estar em sofrimento mental. Conclusão: Os achados desse estudo norteiam sobre o planejamento de programas de prevenção mais condizentes com as características e necessidade desse grupo, o que pode contribuir para a eficácia destes.The consumption of psychoactive substances among university students is more frequent than in the general population, which reinforces the need for a greater knowledge of this phenomenon for the development of prevention actions. Objective: to build a university profile in the municipality of Governador Valadares and obtain subsidies for the construction of a preventive intervention strategy from the perspective of the university students themselves. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 384 college / university students from the municipality, applying a structured questionnaire to obtain sociodemographic data and sample characterization, pattern of consumption and frequency of use, possibility of mental suffering, characterization of factors of risk and protection to the use and preventive interventions more effective in the opinion of the university students. The chi-square or Fisher's scale test and the Logistic Regression method were used to analyze the data, with a significance level of 5%. Results: Among the main results, we highlight: a) the predominant life use of alcohol (57.3%), followed by marijuana (42.2%) and tobacco (41.7%); Intense use only for alcohol (28%); 18.5% of college students may be in mental distress. Conclusion: The findings of this study guide the planning of prevention programs more in line with the characteristics and needs of this group, which may contribute to their effectiveness

O uso problemático de álcool e drogas pelos universitários : conhecer para prevenir

O consumo de substâncias psicoativas (SPA) entre os universitários é mais frequente que na população em geral, o que reforça a necessidade de um maior conhecimento desse fenômeno para o desenvolvimento de ações de prevenção. Objetivo: construir um perfil do universitário no município de Governador Valadares e obter subsídios para a construção de uma estratégia de intervenção preventiva a partir da perspectiva dos próprios universitários. Método: Um estudo transversal realizado com 384 universitários das faculdades/universidades do município, com aplicação de um questionário estruturado, a fim de obter dados sociodemográficos e caracterização da amostra, padrão de consumo e frequência do uso, possibilidade de sofrimento mental, caracterização dos fatores de risco e proteção ao uso e intervenções preventivas mais eficazes na opinião dos universitários. Para análise dos dados foi utilizada a prova Qui-quadrado ou Escala de Fisher e o método da Regressão Logística, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Dentre os principais resultados, destaca-se: a) o uso na vida predominante de álcool (57,3%), seguido de maconha (42,2%) e tabaco (41,7%); uso intenso apenas para o álcool (28%); 18,5% dos universitários podem estar em sofrimento mental. Conclusão: Os achados desse estudo norteiam sobre o planejamento de programas de prevenção mais condizentes com as características e necessidade desse grupo, o que pode contribuir para a eficácia destes.The consumption of psychoactive substances among university students is more frequent than in the general population, which reinforces the need for a greater knowledge of this phenomenon for the development of prevention actions. Objective: to build a university profile in the municipality of Governador Valadares and obtain subsidies for the construction of a preventive intervention strategy from the perspective of the university students themselves. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 384 college / university students from the municipality, applying a structured questionnaire to obtain sociodemographic data and sample characterization, pattern of consumption and frequency of use, possibility of mental suffering, characterization of factors of risk and protection to the use and preventive interventions more effective in the opinion of the university students. The chi-square or Fisher's scale test and the Logistic Regression method were used to analyze the data, with a significance level of 5%. Results: Among the main results, we highlight: a) the predominant life use of alcohol (57.3%), followed by marijuana (42.2%) and tobacco (41.7%); Intense use only for alcohol (28%); 18.5% of college students may be in mental distress. Conclusion: The findings of this study guide the planning of prevention programs more in line with the characteristics and needs of this group, which may contribute to their effectiveness