Climate Change and Non-Migration: Exploring Place Relations in Rural and Coastal Bangladesh

Increasing environmental stress are becoming a powerful driver of forced migration. Rural and coastal lives and livelihoods in many developing countries, including Bangladesh, are vulnerable to multiple sudden and gradual onset disasters. Growing research and policy interests are the disasters risk reduction and displaced population management. This qualitative research problematises and expands upon those who are unable and those who are unwilling to migrate through the multidimensionality of place relations. Through 60 semi-structured interviews from four at-risk communities in Kalapara, a rural and coastal hotspot in Bangladesh, the analysis of this study proffers four inter-related dimensions of place relation concerning a) livelihood opportunities, b) place obduracy, c) risk perceptions, and d) social-structural constraints. We introduce the multidimensionality of place relations to explain the human-place relationships under increasing environmental stress, which leads to diverse migratory and non-migratory behaviours. The result of this study represents a fundamental challenge to climate-induced migration approaches and demonstrates the value of voluntary and involuntary components of place relations in understanding migratory and non-migratory behaviour. Our discussion provides insight into how to best support non-migrant households' limits to adaptive capacity and well-being and build more climate and people-focused disaster risk reduction and displacement policies

Dynamic model for price of wheat in Bangladesh

Wheat is the second staple food of Bangladesh. In this paper we constructed a dynamic model for wheat price. Basically we constructed a single equation autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model of the price (quarterly wholesale wheat price). Standard ARIMA analysis rests on the simplifying assumption that the time series is stationary. So, at first stationary of the series is checked. An ARIMA (1,1,0) (2,1,1)4 model is constructed based on the autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions. Finally, forecasts are made based on the model developed

Financial Analysis of Textile Sector in Bangladesh: A Study on Selected Textile Companies

The Textile sector of Bangladesh has got a greater facet than any other sector in terms of growth and foreign exchange earnings. It makes a significant contribution to the national economy by creating generous employment opportunities and reducing poverty through socioeconomic development. The paper focuses on the financial strength of the textile sector in Bangladesh. And to know that up to what extent textile sector has used their available resources effectively. For this purpose profitability, liquidity and solvency position of textile companies has been examined. In this paper comparative ratio analysis technique has been used to know the financial soundness of textile companies. The result shows the profitability margins is slightly different due to volatile textiles market and volatility in raw material prices. The Liquidity and solvency position is almost the same in all the textile companies. Keywords: Textile Sector, profitability, liquidity, volatility and solvency

Climate change and non-migration - exploring the role of place relations in rural and coastal Bangladesh

Of growing research and policy interest are the experiences of people living under conditions of climate change–induced environmental stress, which either are unable to migrate (sometimes described as a ‘trapped population’) or are seemingly unwilling to do so (sometimes described as the ‘voluntarily immobile’). This paper problematises and expands upon these binary categories: examining the complex dimensionality of non-migration as a form of place relations, explored through qualitative study of rural and coastal Bangladeshi communities. Through 60 semi-structured interviews of individuals from four communities in the Kalapara region, the analysis proffers four qualitatively derived and inter-related dimensions of voluntary and involuntary non-migration framed as a form of place relations. These four dimensions concern the following: (1) livelihood opportunities, (2) place obduracy, (3) risk perceptions, and (4) social-structural constraints, with the interplay between these elements explaining diverse non-migratory experiences. In our analysis, ‘place obduracy’ is introduced as a concept to describe the differential speed of environmental change and socio-cultural adaptation responses to explain non-migratory experiences. Our discussion provides insight into how to best support non-migrant people’s adaptive capacity in the face of growing climate emergency

Modeling of dual-metal Schottky contacts based silicon micro and nano wire solar cells

We study solar cell properties of single silicon wires connected at their ends to two dissimilar metals of different work functions. Effects of wire dimensions, the work functions of the metals, and minority carrier lifetimes on short circuit current as well as open circuit voltage are studied. The most efficient photovoltaic behavior is found to occur when one metal makes a Schottky contact with the wire, and the other makes an Ohmic contact. As wire length increases, both short circuit current and open circuit voltage increase before saturation occurs. Depending on the work function difference between the metals and the wire dimensions, the saturation length increases by approximately an order of magnitude with a two order magnitude increase in minority carrier length. However current per surface area exposed to light is found to decrease rapidly with increase in length. The use of a multi-contact interdigitated design for long wires is investigated to increase the photovoltaic response of the devices.Comment: 26 pages, journal pape

CIRCULAR RNAS AS POTENTIAL GROWTH BIOMARKERS IN NILE TILAPIA

Abstract from a conference report published in Aquaculture Journal. Report on the 6th Genomics in Aquaculture (GIA) Symposium Held in Granada, Spain, 4–6 May 2022.acceptedVersio

Health system impact of COVID-19 on urban slum population of Bangladesh: a mixed-method rapid assessment study

Daniel Reidpath - ORCID: 0000-0002-8796-0420 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8796-0420Design Setting and participants A cross-sectional survey among 476 households was conducted during October–December 2020 in five selected urban slums of Dhaka North, Dhaka South and Gazipur City Corporation. In-depth interviews with purposively selected 22 slum dwellers and key informant interviews with 16 local healthcare providers and four policymakers and technical experts were also conducted. Outcome measures Percentage of people suffering from general illness, percentage of people suffering from chronic illness, percentage of people seeking healthcare, percentage of people seeking maternal care, health system challenges resulting from COVID-19. Results About 12% of members suffered from general illness and 25% reported chronic illness. Over 80% sought healthcare and the majority sought care from informal healthcare providers. 39% of the recently delivered women sought healthcare in 3 months preceding the survey. An overall reduction in healthcare use was reported during the lockdown period compared with prepandemic time. Mismanagement and inefficient use of resources were reported as challenges of health financing during the pandemic. Health information sharing was inadequate at the urban slums, resulting from the lack of community and stakeholder engagement (51% received COVID-19-related information, 49% of respondents knew about the national hotline number for COVID-19 treatment). Shortage of human resources for health was reported to be acute during the pandemic, resulting from the shortage of specialist doctors and uneven distribution of health workforce. COVID-19 test was inadequate due to the lack of adequate test facilities and stigma associated with COVID-19. Lack of strong leadership and stakeholder engagement was seen as the barriers to effective pandemic management. Conclusion The findings of the current study are expected to support the government in tailoring interventions and allocating resources more efficiently and timely during a pandemic.https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-05740212pubpub