Aerial biomass production of Bambusa vulgaris Schrader ex Wendland in seven localities of Granma province

With the objective of making a sustainable handling of Bambusa vulgaris Schrader ex Wendland specie with productive ends, researches were developed in: “Bartolomé Masó”, “Bayamo”, “Buey Arriba”, “Cauto Cristo”, “Guisa”, “Manzanillo” and “Río Cauto” towns, among the years 2012-2016, in “Granma” Agro forestry Enterprise; a simple classification ANOVA was carried out on dasometric parameters and Tukey  means multiple comparison test by using statistical package IBM, SPSS, Statistic, version 21; the comparison of the structure of the grafts with the international relationship, Chi squared test was carried out, which allowed to know the behavior of the main components of the production, and the yields. For each town an own structural composition was obtained that serves as bases for calculation and evaluation of sustainable management of the specie. The average of the specific relationships among grafts development variables at Enterprise level, turned out to be 14% sprout: 43% green culmos: 36% mature culmos: 7 % dry. Species diametric composition for each town had favorable proportions to the green culmos, 100 % is grouped in the biggest diametric category, between 6 cm and 12 cm and average yield of air biomass production of green and mature culmos it was of 70, 9 tha-1

Denervación renal en el tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial. Posicionamiento conjunto de la SEH-LELHA y la ACI-SEC

Hypertension is the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor. Despite pharmacological treatment, a high percentage of patients do not achieve an adequate blood pressure control. Renal sympathetic denervation is a minimally invasive intervention for the management of hypertension involving the interruption of the renal artery sympathetic nervous system using a catheter-based approach. The early studies showed promising results, but the controversial results coming from the SYMPLICITY HTN-3 trial sent this technique into oblivion. Over the last 3 years, new clinical trials have appeared including new devices used in different populations, which definitively proves the effectiveness of renal sympathetic denervation. This joint position statement from the Spanish Society of Hypertension-Spanish League for Combating High Blood Pressure (SEH-LELHA), and the Interventional Cardiology Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (ACI-SEC) reviews the evidence available on the efficacy and safety profile of renal sympathetic denervation for the management of hypertension. Based on the results of clinical trials, recommendations have been established on what patients may be eligible for renal sympathetic denervation and under what circumstances

Coastal risk mitigation by green infrastructure in Latin America

This paper aims to highlight the prevailing experiences of Latin America and to clarify what ‘green infrastructure’ entails in addition to describing seven case studies from a range of coastal ecosystems (wetlands, coastal dunes, beaches and coral reefs) at scales varying from local to regional. The case studies are categorised according to their degree of naturalness (nature-based, engineered ecosystems, soft engineering, ecologically enhanced hard infrastructure and de-engineering). Generally, the implementation of green infrastructure projects aims to increase resilience, enhance the provision of ecosystem services, recover biodiversity, reduce the negative effects of hard infrastructure and implement corrective measures. The greatest benefits of these projects relate to the creation of multi-functional spaces, which often combine the above advantages with improved opportunities for recreation and/or economic activities. It is hoped that this paper will disseminate the experience in green infrastructure among academics and practitioners and stimulate wider adoption of green infrastructure projects and good practices

Producción de biomasa aérea de Bambusa vulgaris Schrader ex Wendland en siete localidades de la provincia Granma

With the objective of making a sustainable handling of Bambusa vulgaris Schrader ex Wendland specie with productive ends, researches were developed in: “Bartolomé Masó”, “Bayamo”, “Buey Arriba”, “Cauto Cristo”, “Guisa”, “Manzanillo” and “Río Cauto” towns, among the years 2012-2016, in “Granma” Agro forestry Enterprise; a simple classification ANOVA was carried out on dasometric parameters and Tukey  means multiple comparison test by using statistical package IBM, SPSS, Statistic, version 21; the comparison of the structure of the grafts with the international relationship, Chi squared test was carried out, which allowed to know the behavior of the main components of the production, and the yields. For each town an own structural composition was obtained that serves as bases for calculation and evaluation of sustainable management of the specie. The average of the specific relationships among grafts development variables at Enterprise level, turned out to be 14% sprout: 43% green culmos: 36% mature culmos: 7 % dry. Species diametric composition for each town had favorable proportions to the green culmos, 100 % is grouped in the biggest diametric category, between 6 cm and 12 cm and average yield of air biomass production of green and mature culmos it was of 70, 9 tha-1. Con el objetivo de evaluar las potencialidades de producción de biomasa aérea de la especie Bambusa vulgaris Schrader ex Wendland con fines productivos, se desarrollaron investigaciones en las localidades de: Bartolomé Masó, Bayamo, Buey Arriba, Cauto Cristo, Guisa, Manzanillo y Río Cauto entre los años 2012-2016, en la Empresa Agroforestal Granma; se realizó un ANOVA de clasificación simple sobre los indicadores dasométricos y la comparación múltiple de medias por Tukey mediante el empleo del paquete estadístico IBM, SPSS, Statistic, versión 21; la comparación de la estructura de los plantones con la relación internacional, se realizó por la prueba de Chi cuadrado, los cuales permitieron conocer el comportamiento de los principales componentes de dicha biomasa, y el rendimiento; para cada localidad se obtuvo una composición estructural propia, que sirve de basa de cálculo para el manejo sostenible de la especie y la evaluación de la biomasa; el promedio de las  relaciones específicas entre las variables de desarrollo de los plantones a nivel de Empresa, resultó ser 14 % brotes: 43% culmos verdes: 36% culmos maduros: 7% secos. La composición diamétrica porcentual de la especie por localidad, tuvo proporciones favorables a los culmos verdes, al quedar agrupados el 100% en la mayor categoría diamétrica, entre seis y 12 cm y  el rendimiento promedio de la biomasa aérea de culmos verdes y maduros fue de 70, 9 tha-

How Effective Were the Beach Nourishments at Cancun?

Beach nourishment is generally seen as the preferred means of rectifying coastal erosion, due to its low environmental impact and natural evolution. The largest beach nourishment project ever carried out in Mexico took place on Cancun beach in 2006, as a response to the most intense hurricane season ever registered in Mexico, in 2005. After Hurricane Dean, in 2009, a second nourishment was conducted, which evidenced flaws in the design and execution of the first project. Previous investigations report that the need for beach re-fills directly correlates with wave energy. However, following a thorough revision of the extreme climatic events that occurred between 1978 and 2018, it has been found that the amount of erosion also depends on the frequency and duration of high energy events. The findings also show that the apparent success of the second nourishment is mainly associated with a decline in the number of extreme wave power events impacting the beach. In the conclusion to this paper, we share the knowledge gained, but not yet applied, in Mexico or elsewhere, regarding beach use, urbanization, and protection in beach planning

Caribbean Reef Drowning During Slow Mid-Holocene Sea-Level Rise

Predicting if reefs can keep pace with future sea-level (SL) rise is problematic because accretion occurs over geological timescales. For example, although meltwater pulses drowned reefs during postglacial SL rise, drowning has also been reported during the mid Holocene, when SL rise was slower and meltwater pulses unlikely. Here we report the discovery of a drowned incipient reef-crest on the widest part of northeast Yucatan shelf. Our data show the reef is an array of closely-spaced patches that crest at -14 m. These patches consist of 3 m-thick stands of Acropora palmata that grew over a Pleistocene dune ridge ~8 ka ago, but subsequently failed to keep pace with rising SL. We hypothesize that this failure is due to the suppression of coral recruitment by high sediment flux on wide shelves. Although recruitment does occur as the surf zone crosses topographic residuals during the transgression, suppression in sandy reef-fronts and back-reefs limits accretion of these incipient crests, causing their slow drowning during SL rise. We conclude that although reefs can slowly develop breakwaters in such settings, they may be incapable of vertical accretion and thus vulnerable to drowning. Identifying reefs with this vulnerability will be key to managing future SL rise

Caribbean Reef Drowning During Slow Mid-Holocene Sea-Level Rise

Predicting if reefs can keep pace with future sea-level (SL) rise is problematic because accretion occurs over geological timescales. For example, although meltwater pulses drowned reefs during postglacial SL rise, drowning has also been reported during the mid Holocene, when SL rise was slower and meltwater pulses unlikely. Here we report the discovery of a drowned incipient reef-crest on the widest part of northeast Yucatan shelf. Our data show the reef is an array of closely-spaced patches that crest at -14 m. These patches consist of 3 m-thick stands of Acropora palmata that grew over a Pleistocene dune ridge ~8 ka ago, but subsequently failed to keep pace with rising SL. We hypothesize that this failure is due to the suppression of coral recruitment by high sediment flux on wide shelves. Although recruitment does occur as the surf zone crosses topographic residuals during the transgression, suppression in sandy reef-fronts and back-reefs limits accretion of these incipient crests, causing their slow drowning during SL rise. We conclude that although reefs can slowly develop breakwaters in such settings, they may be incapable of vertical accretion and thus vulnerable to drowning. Identifying reefs with this vulnerability will be key to managing future SL rise

Short-term impact of Hurricane Dean on the morphology of the beach at Cancun, Mexico

Over the last 30 years, the Mexican Caribbean beach at Cancun, Quintana Roo has experienced such severe erosion that two artificial sand replenishment programs have been needed. The aim of this study is to determine the short-term impact of Hurricane Dean on the morphology of the already modified beach system of Cancun, after the first replenishment in 2006. The combined analysis of the evolution of the coastline, by comparing beach profiles, and the characteristics of the local maritime climate generated by the hurricane allowed for the evaluation of the hurricane´s impact on the study area. As a result of this analysis it was found that Hurricane Dean caused large losses of sand in the northern and central sectors of the beachfront during 2006-2007. It was also shown that during that period the Cancun beaches lost 31 m in width, overall. This significant retreat of the beach is attributed to the combined effects of the hurricane and the anthropogenic modifications of the coastal ecosystem