IAPA PUNCHAICHII IMA MUNANGASINA: WARMIPA CUERPO I ESCULTURA GENEROMANDA KILKASKA ALLI IUAIRINGAPA

The human body is carrier of social symbols where cultural notions concur, it is the body that relapses the limits of social institutions; it is in that socialization space that the notions of identity and corporality of every individual are inserted, although the expression to erotization takes a dissimilar direction, not only from gender, but also from positions regarding social class, race, power, religious repression, among other factors determining a eroticized or erotic body able to conceive itself in some cultures as a natural human manifestation or by other ones, as a taboo or a bond leading to maleficent forces. Therefore, it is intended to analyze how three extended concepts interact: eroticism through gender, plastic arts, and gender, comprising checking their complexity and transgressions.El cuerpo es el portador de símbolos sociales donde concurren las nociones culturales, sobre él recaen los límites de las instituciones sociales; en ese espacio de socialización, es donde se inserta la noción de identidad y corporalidad de cada individuo, pero su expresión hacia la erotización toma caminos diferenciados, no solo desde los géneros, sino desde posiciones que incluyen la clase, la raza, el poder, la represión religiosa y otros factores que determinan que un cuerpo erotizado o erotizante pueda concebirse en unas culturas como una manifestación humana natural o bien por otras, como un tabú o un vínculo hacia fuerzas maléficas. Por ello, se pretende analizar aquí, sucintamente la intersección de tres amplios temas: el erotismo a través del deseo, las artes plásticas y el género, lo cual, implica revisar sus complejidades y trasgresiones

O luminoso objeto de desejo: o corpo feminino e a escultura do gênero

The body is the bearer of social symbols where cultural notions attend and he bears the limits of social institutions; in the space of socialization, it is where the notion of identity and corporeality of each individual is inserted, but the eroticism expression to take different paths, not only gender, but from positions that include class, race, power, religious repression and other factors that determine a body's erotic eroticized or conceivable in some cultures as a natural human manifestation or by others as a taboo or a link to evil forces. Therefore, we intend to briefly discuss the intersection of three broad themes: eroticism through desire, art and gender, which involves reviewing its complexities and transgressions.El cuerpo es el portador de símbolos sociales donde concurren las nociones culturales, sobre él recaen los límites de las instituciones sociales; en ese espacio de socialización, es donde se inserta la noción de identidad y corporalidad de cada individuo, pero su expresión hacia la erotización toma caminos diferenciados, no solo desde los géneros, sino desde posiciones que incluyen la clase, la raza, el poder, la represión religiosa y otros factores que determinan que un cuerpo erotizado o erotizante pueda concebirse en unas culturas como una manifestación humana natural o bien por otras, como un tabú o un vínculo hacia fuerzas maléficas. Por ello, se pretende analizar aquí, sucintamente la intersección de tres amplios temas: el erotismo a través del deseo, las artes plásticas y el género, lo cual,implica revisar sus complejidades y trasgresiones.O corpo é o portador de símbolos sociais onde as noções culturais coincidem, os limites das instituições sociais recaem sobre ele; Nesse espaço de socialização, é onde se insere a noção de identidade e corporalidade de cada indivíduo, mas sua expressão rumo à erotização toma rumos diversos, não só a partir dos gêneros, mas a partir de posturas que incluem classe, raça, poder, repressão religiosa e outros fatores que determinam que um corpo erotizado ou erotizante possa ser concebido em algumas culturas como uma manifestação humana natural ou, por outras, como um tabu ou elo com as forças do mal. Portanto, pretende-se analisar aqui, de forma sucinta, o cruzamento de três grandes temas: erotismo pelo desejo, artes plásticas e gênero, o que implica rever suas complexidades e transgressões

El maíz, vínculo de identidad, sacralidad y cosmogonía mexicana desde el género

A brief analysis of daily and ritual food in Mexico is presented, emphasizing women as protagonists. Emphasis is placed on the presence of the feminine in the construction of the pre-Hispanic imaginary based on corn. A concise historical journey through the symbolism and identity present in the activities and roles that are played within the kitchens, as well as the use and consumption of corn, is presented. The perception that women have about the use of smoke stoves in areas of extreme poverty in Mexico is studied: San José del Rincón, Mexico, Frontera Corozal, Chiapas, and San Cristóbal Amatlán, Oaxaca, to offer reflections on the role of indigenous women in these tasks. Finally, the essence of indigenous thought regarding the consumption of corn is summarized.Se presenta un breve análisis sobre la alimentación cotidiana y ritual en México en la que se enfatiza a la mujer como protagonista. Se pone en énfasis en la presencia de lo femenino en la construcción del imaginario prehispánico basado en el maíz. Se expone un sucinto recorrido histórico por el simbolismo e identidad presentes en las actividades y roles que se juegan dentro de las cocinas, así como por el uso y consumo del maíz. Se estudia la percepción que tienen las mujeres sobre el uso de las cocinas de humo en zonas de extrema pobreza en México: San José del Rincón, México, Frontera Corozal, Chiapas, y San Cristóbal Amatlán, Oaxaca, para ofrecer reflexiones en torno al papel fundamental de las indígenas en esas tareas. Finalmente, se resume la esencia del pensamiento indígena en torno al consumo de maíz

Integrating cognitive contents in Physical Education classes: Effects on cognitive variables and emotional intelligence

The aim was to analyse the effect of a 4-week programme integrating cognitive contents in Physical Education (CogniPE) on cognitive performance (CP) and emotional intelligence (EI) of adolescents. A randomised controlled trial was conducted with a control group (CG, n=58), which performed physical exercises at low intensity (i.e., stretching or pilates), an experimental group 1, which performed small-sided games of team sports (EG1, n=62), and experimental group 2, which performed CogniPE (EG2, n=60). Intensity of exercises and scores were registered after each station to classify and motivate the teams. Selective attention and concentration increased by 11.9% and 9.2% in EG1, and by 18.2% and 14.4% in EG2, respectively, compared to CG. Mathematical calculation improved by 15.9% and 18.7% in EG1 and EG2, compared to CG. In EI, well-being improved by 10.9% in EG1, sociability improved by 12.8% in EG1 and 15.9% in EG2 compared to CG. It is concluded to use CogniPE in school context

El maíz, vínculo de identidad, sacralidad y cosmogonía mexicana desde el género

Se presenta un breve análisis sobre la alimentación cotidiana y ritual en México, en la que se enfatiza a la mujer como protagonista en la construcción del imaginario prehispánico con base en el maíz. Tras un sucinto recorrido histórico del simbolismo e identidad en las actividades y roles que se juegan dentro de las cocinas, hasta el uso y consumo del maíz actualmente, se analiza asimismo la percepción que tienen las mujeres en el uso de las cocinas de humo a través de entrevistasen zonas de extrema pobreza en México: San José del Rincón, Estado de México, Frontera Corozal en Chiapas y San Cristóbal Amatlán, Oaxaca, para ofrecer reflexiones en torno al papel fundamental de las mujeres indígenas. Se resume la esencia del pensamiento indígena en torno al consumo de maíz con esta frase que las mujeres expresaron: “lo importante es el sabor que da la leña a las tortillas”

Rapid clonal analysis of recurrent tuberculosis by direct MIRU-VNTR typing on stored isolates

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The application of molecular tools to the analysis of tuberculosis has revealed examples of clonal complexity, such as exogenous reinfection, coinfection, microevolution or compartmentalization. The detection of clonal heterogeneity by standard genotyping approaches is laborious and often requires expertise. This restricts the rapid availability of <it>Mycobacterium tuberculosis </it>(MTB) genotypes for clinical or therapeutic decision-making. A new PCR-based technique, MIRU-VNTR, has made it possible to genotype MTB in a time frame close to real-time fingerprinting. Our purpose was to evaluate the capacity of this technique to provide clinicians with a rapid discrimination between reactivation and exogenous reinfection and whether MIRU-VNTR makes it possible to obtain data directly from stored MTB isolates from recurrent episodes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We detected differences, between the MIRUtypes of recurrent isolates in 38.5% (5/13) of the cases studied. These included cases of i) exogenous reinfection, often with more resistant strains, ii) likely examples of microevolution, leading to the appearance of new clonal variants and iii) a combination of microevolution, coinfection and competition.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>MIRU-VNTR rapidly obtained clinically useful genotyping data in a challenging situation, directly from stored MTB isolates without subculturing them or purifying their DNA. Our results also mean that MIRU-VNTR could be applied for easy, rapid and affordable massive screening of collections of stored MTB isolates, which could establish the real dimension of clonal heterogeneity in MTB infection.</p

Improving cognition in school children and adolescents through exergames. A systematic review and practical guide

Recent studies and reviews have shown the positive effects of exergames (EXs) on physical activity (PA) and fitness in children and adolescents. Nevertheless, their effects on cognition have been scarcely explored, and no previous review has focussed on this relationship. The purpose of the research reported on here was to analyse the acute and chronic effects of the use of different EXs on the cognition of young people aged 6 to 18 years, to review potential confounders, and to elaborate a practical guide to using EXs in schools or extracurricular contexts. Studies were identified from 4 databases (Pubmed, SportDiscus, ProQuest and Web of Science) from January 2008 through January 2018. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. All the studies showed a positive effect of EXs on cognition. The review showed an acute improvement effect on executive functions (EFs) (visual attention, mental processing, working memory, response inhibition, and motor planning) and chronic benefits on mathematical calculation, self-concept, classroom behaviour, and on parental and interpersonal relationships. Only 5 studies used confounders. EXs are an effective and motivating tool to improve cognition in young people aged 6 to 18 years. Didactic recommendations to use EXs in school or extracurricular contexts are provided in this article. Keywords: academic performance; active video games; acute and chronic effects; cognitive performance; executive functions;&nbsp; exergames; learning; motivation; physical activity; physical educatio

Active breaks to improve class attention: Educational Interventions

El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar los estudios que evalúan el efecto de la práctica de actividad física integrada en los descansos escolares, sobre la atención en niños y adolescentes. Para ello se hizo una búsqueda bibliográfica en tres bases de datos (búsqueda inicial n = 502: PubMed n = 121, SportDiscus n = 114, Web of Science n = 268), desde enero de 2000 hasta marzo de 2017. Un total de nueve estudios con intervención cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Todos los estudios emplearon ejercicio físico a intensidad moderada-vigorosa de una duración entre 5-30 min. En siete estudios obtuvieron mejoras y en dos no obtuvieron cambios. Se encontraron diferencias atendiendo al sexo. Finalmente, se observó la influencia de la duración e intensidad de la intervención habiendo controversia entre los diferentes estudios. Motivo por el que consideramos que son necesarias más investigaciones para aclarar la influencia de los factores de confusión, tipo, duración e intensidad del ejercicio.The objective of this review was to analyze the most recent studies that evaluate the effect of the practice of the Integrated Physical Activity in the school breaks, on the attention in children and adolescents. For this purpose a bibliographic search was made in three databases (initial search n = 502: PubMed n = 121, SportDiscus n = 114, Web of Science n = 268), from January 2000 to March 2017. A total of nine Studies with intervention met the inclusion criteria. All studies used exercise at moderate to vigorous intensity for 5-30 min. In seven studies obtained improvements and in two did not obtain changes. Differences were found regarding sex. Finally, we observed the influence of the duration and intensity of the intervention, with controversy among the different studies. Reason why we consider that more research is needed to clarify the influence of the confounding factors, type, duration and intensity of the exercise

Descansos activos para mejorar la atención en clase: Intervenciones educativas

The objective of this review was to analyze the most recent studies that evaluate the effect of the practice of the Integrated Physical Activity in the school breaks, on the attention in children and adolescents. For this purpose a bibliographic search was made in three databases (initial search n = 502: PubMed n = 121, SportDiscus n = 114, Web of Science n = 268), from January 2000 to March 2017. A total of nine Studies with intervention met the inclusion criteria. All studies used exercise at moderate to vigorous intensity for 5-30 min. In seven studies obtained improvements and in two did not obtain changes. Differences were found regarding sex. Finally, we observed the influence of the duration and intensity of the intervention, with controversy among the different studies. Reason why we consider that more research is needed to clarify the influence of the confounding factors, type, duration and intensity of the exercise.El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar los estudios que evalúan el efecto de la práctica de actividad física integrada en los descansos escolares, sobre la atención en niños y adolescentes. Para ello se hizo una búsqueda bibliográfica en tres bases de datos (búsqueda inicial n = 502: PubMed n = 121, SportDiscus n = 114, Web of Science n = 268), desde enero de 2000 hasta marzo de 2017. Un total de nueve estudios con intervención cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Todos los estudios emplearon ejercicio físico a intensidad moderada-vigorosa de una duración entre 5-30 min. En siete estudios obtuvieron mejoras y en dos no obtuvieron cambios. Se encontraron diferencias atendiendo al sexo. Finalmente, se observó la influencia de la duración e intensidad de la intervención habiendo controversia entre los diferentes estudios. Motivo por el que consideramos que son necesarias más investigaciones para aclarar la influencia de los factores de confusión, tipo, duración e intensidad del ejercicio