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E-voting in Brazil - the risks to democracy
Literature has shown that countries with strong democratic traditions, such as the United States and Canada, are not yet using electronic voting systems intensively, due to the concern for and emphasis on security. It has revealed that there is no such thing as an error-free computer system, let alone an electronic voting system, and that existing technology does not offer the conditions necessary for a reliable, accurate and secure electronic voting system. In this context, then, what are the risks of e-voting to democracy? In what ways, if at all, can more fragile, less mature democracies be buttressed with e-voting systems? As a key component of e-democracy, it seems that e-voting technologies are to become more secure and increasingly reliable in the near future and will indeed be adopted in many countries. In what ways, if at all, will the introduction of such systems increase voter confidence in the political system, promote citizen engagement in political life, and nurture the evolution of democracy? If both e-voting and edemocracy are emerging based on popular demand - that is, as a demand-driven alternative to current processes, then there is no doubt that they are likely to enhance and improve the efficiency of traditional democracy. However, if e-voting technology is being introduced based on a supply-driven fashion - the technology exists therefore it should and must be implemented - then the implications for democracy should be considered. Brazil's introduction of e-voting offers a cautionary tale of supply-driven technological implication. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the introduction of e-voting in Brazil is highly risky to democracy due to the lack of emphasis on security and the lack of a sociallyinformed and socially driven approach to technological innovation. The Brazilian example illustrates the democratic implications of a market-driven approach. The lack of a technology strategy designed to promote and extend democratic principles is not surprising given the closed door, market-based negotiations that led to the adoption of e-voting in Brazil. The promise, and indeed, the imperative of a democratic, voter-centered approach as an alternative for the development of an electronic voting system, is explored in the paper
Public e-procurement and the duality of technology: a comparative study in the context of Brazil and of the state of Paraíba
In this study, an attempt was made to understand the e-procurement theme from the perspective of the duality of technology, understanding it both as a product and as a means for human actions, which, interacting with institutional properties, produces and reproduces the current organizational practices. From the multiple interpretative case studies conducted, it was evidenced that e-procurement is a subjective element, sometimes understood inconsistently by human agents in the different organizational contexts studied (Brazil and the State of Paraíba). Users appropriate the rules, knowledge, and assumptions incorporated into the implemented system to perform tasks, contributing to a reaffirmation of the status quo
Burnout between intensive care physicians or the Burnout society
Physicians who work in critical care units are prone to emotional exhaustion, manifestations o f d e p e r s o n a l i z a t i o n , a n d p r o f e s s i o n a l dissatisfaction. These three manifestations make up what has been identified as burnout, and are a cause for growing concern. In this article, the authors review the available literature on burnout among intensive care physicians, but discuss it from a perspective that includes burnout as a broader manifestation, related to the exaltation of performance and the subsumption of life to capital, understanding this phenomenon as related to the society of burnout. The authors also discuss initiatives to combat burnout from the perspective of an expanded view of the concept of biopolitics, especially psychopoliticsOs médicos que atuam em unidades críticas são propensos a exaustão emocional, manifestações de despersonalização e insatisfação profissional. Essas três manifestações compõem o que foi identificado como burnout e são motivo de crescente preocupação. Neste artigo, os autores revisam a literatura disponível sobre o burnout entre os médicos intensivistas, mas discutem-no sob uma ótica que inclui o problema em uma manifestação mais ampla, relacionada ao culto do desempenho e à subsunção da vida ao capital, entendendo esse fenômeno como relacionado com a sociedade do burnout. Também se discutem iniciativas para combater esse quadro na perspectiva de uma visão ampliada do conceito de biopolítica, especialmente a psicopolítica
Um Estudo Aplicado sobre o impacto da Interdisciplinaridade no processo de Pesquisa dos Doutores em Contabilidade no Brasil
A critica ao método “aprender e ensinar por aprender e ensinar” defende a pesquisa como o meio de interação entre teorias e práticas que, através de inferências, podem modificar uma ação e conseqüentemente uma realidade contingencial. Também promove o progresso do conhecimento através da inovação, adaptação e aplicação de conceitos seja em ambiente profissional ou acadêmico. Neste contexto, o estudo avaliou se Doutores em Contabilidade no Brasil que apresentam um currículo interdisciplinar, ou seja, que possuem formação em Contabilidade e em outras áreas de conhecimento (Economia, Administração, Sociologia, e etc.), vivenciam com mais intensidade o processo de pesquisa que os Doutores formados apenas em Contabilidade (graduação, mestrado e doutorado). A análise realizada a partir de dados sobre a produção científica dos doutores, obtida nos Currículos Lattes do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ), e a utilização de testes estatísticos como o Wilcoxon, permitiram concluir que o aspecto interdisciplinar não proporcionou vantagens ou superioridade na produção científica das amostras analisadas
CIRCULARIDADES VISUAIS: IMAGENS DO CORDEL ENQUANTO SUPORTE DE MEMÓRIAS DO PADRE CÍCERO
Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a visualidade edificada em torno da morte do Padre Cícero. Para isso, o artigo utiliza três capas de folhetos de cordel, além de uma fotografia do cortejo fúnebre do personagem em análise. Quando colocado em diálogo, o conjunto de imagens permite verificar a ocorrência de um trânsito visual, entre as imagens dos cordéis e da fotografia, com elementos que estabelecem conexões entre si, permitindo novas leituras em torno da visualidade atrelada à morte do Padre Cícero. Dito isso, o trabalho adota como conceito teórico central a concepção de uma pathosformenl. Essa perspectiva, desenvolvida pelo historiador da arte Aby Warburg, permite analisar as imagens em sintonia, em diálogo, com determinados elementos que não estão isolados em uma temporalidade histórica. Além disso, a discussão toma por base alguns estudos que abordam a historiografia referente ao Padre Cícero
Imagens (des)contínuas: representações visuais do cangaceiro Antônio Silvino no cordel
This article carries out a study of visuality related to the cangaceiro Antônio Silvino in cordel literature. The paper studies pictures present in the covers of seven flyers about Antônio Silvino published in the first half of the 20th century. Besides the cordel’s, the article dialogues with pictures published in two magazines: O Malho and Flor de Liz. The paper adopts two theoretical concepts: visual culture and pathosformenl which are used with the main intention of observing the visual continuities and discontinuities around the image ofthe cangaceiro Antônio Silvino in cordel literature. It was possible to observe that certain elements, «gestures» and signs of a culture and society do not isolate and end in themselves in their historical time, but they overcomethe barriers of temporalities, establishing connections and interconnections with images of other supports, contexts and historical temporalities. Likewise, it is possible to understand that the reutilization of pictures follows interests that pervade the editorial field, where authors and editors transit in memories andplaces that offer a visual repertoire that is taken to the construction of representations and visual narratives present in cordel literature
A CULTURA VISUAL NO CAMPO POLÍTICO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NA LITERTURA DE CORDEL
Este artigo realiza uma discussão em torno das imagens da literatura de cordel atreladas à política, para tanto a pesquisa faz uso de um conjunto de imagens relacionadas a um personagem em específico: Tancredo Neves. No trabalho se buscou compreender a visualidade enquanto constituidora de narrativas culturais imersas em um poder que objetiva enfatizar memórias visuais. Para isso, utiliza-se enquanto fonte imagens de capas de folhetos de cordéis e jornais. Confrontando e problematizando os dois suportes é possível observar como cada espaço teceu narrativas verbais e visuais sobre o contexto relacionado a campanha, vitória e morte de Tancredo Neves. O artigo adota o recorte que compreende os anos de 1984-1985. Teoricamente se utiliza as reflexões propostas por Ana Maria Mauad, Paulo Knauss e Ulpiano Bezerra de Meneses, além de dialogar com Carlo Ginzburg, Aby Warburg, e bibliografia complementar
Health and economic outcomes of the detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae-produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in a hospital with high prevalence of this infection
Introduction: Klebsiella pneumoniae is of high prevalence in hospital infections, mainly in bloodstream infections (BSI), and some produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). for hospitals with a high prevalence of strains producing this enzyme, there is no reference material to show whether the use of the E-test method for their detection, which can be quite expensive, is actually required.Objective: To evaluate the cost-benefit of the disk diffusion and E-test methods for the detection of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae strains in hospitals where a high prevalence of this resistance mechanism in BSI is found.Methods: One hundred and eight patients with K. pneumoniae BSI were evaluated retrospectively. ESBL-producing strains were identified by the disk diffusion method and by the E-test method. We estimated the costs of both diagnostic methods based on antimicrobial therapy adequacy.Results: Fifty-two percent of K. pneumoniae infections were due to ESBL-producing strains. the disk diffusion method yielded a positive predictive value (PPV) of 94.7% (95% Cl: 88.9-100%) and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 96.1% (CI 95%: 90.8-101.4%) in relation to the E-test. We evaluated cost-effectiveness, i.e., we analyzed the cost of both E-test and disk diffusion methods with carbapenem and cephalosporins, and found that the use of the disk diffusion method accounts for approximately US$3300.Conclusions: in hospitals with a high prevalence of ESBL-producing strains, the disk diffusion method can be used to detect ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae without compromising the clinical progression of patients with BSI. the E-test showed higher accuracy but this method was more expensive than the disk diffusion method. However, the use of the E-test method was demonstrated to be more cost-effective, as we evaluated cost based on antimicrobial therapy adequacy. (C) 2005 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Disciplina Doencas Infecc & Parasitarias, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Disciplina Doencas Infecc & Parasitarias, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc
O CONTO “MADONA DO CAMPO SANTO” DE FIALHO DE ALMEIDA: GÊNESE DE O BARÃO DE BRANQUINHO DA FONSECA?
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