Conceptions Regarding Children’s Health: An Examination of Ethnotheories in a Sending and Receiving Community

Ethnotheories are beliefs that adults hold about children and the factors that impact upon their development. Scholars suggest that “ethnotheories” serve as cultural models that underlie motivations for parenting practices and the way adults organize children’s early experiences. This study examines Mexican adults’ ethnotheories about children’s health in two communities that are linked by transnational migrants and serve as sending and receiving communities for workers. Forty-four Mexican adults in six focus groups discussed well-being issues affecting children in their communities. Qualitative analyses using grounded theory revealed a complex conception of children’s health issues that included physical, psychological, and behavioral components and an interwoven system of causes with microlevel issues embedded in broader social, economic, and cultural contexts

Conceptions Regarding Children’s Health: An Examination of Ethnotheories in a Sending and Receiving Community

Ethnotheories are beliefs that adults hold about children and the factors that impact upon their development. Scholars suggest that “ethnotheories” serve as cultural models that underlie motivations for parenting practices and the way adults organize children’s early experiences. This study examines Mexican adults’ ethnotheories about children’s health in two communities that are linked by transnational migrants and serve as sending and receiving communities for workers. Forty-four Mexican adults in six focus groups discussed well-being issues affecting children in their communities. Qualitative analyses using grounded theory revealed a complex conception of children’s health issues that included physical, psychological, and behavioral components and an interwoven system of causes with microlevel issues embedded in broader social, economic, and cultural contexts

Research Report: Prevalence and Mechanism of Atrazine Resistance in Waterhemp from Nebraska

Waterhemp is a troublesome summer annual broadleaf weed species that has evolved resistance to glyphosate and other herbicide sites of action (SOA) in Nebraska, including to groups 2 (i.e., Classic, Pursuit, FirstRate), 4 (i.e., 2, 4-D), 5(i.e., atrazine) and 27 (e.g., Callisto, Laudis). The overall objectives of this study were to Evaluate the eficay of PRE applied atrazine, metribuzin and sulfentrazone to control Nebraska waterhemp populations; Evaluate the efficacy of POST applied atrazine to control Nebraska waterhemp populations; and Determine the mechanism of atrazine resistance in Nebraska waterhemp populations

Análise da viabilidade econômico-financeira para implantação de projeto de produção de energia solar fotovoltaica em uma propriedade rural

O consumo de energia elétrica no país e no mundo está cada vez maior. Porém, cada vez mais estão escassos os recursos naturais para geração desta energia. No Brasil as usinas hidrelétricas são uma opção, porém geram grandes impactos ambientais, sendo necessário, portanto, buscar alternativas menos agressivas ao meio ambiente. Diante disso, pode-se destacar a energia solar fotovoltaica, que é uma excelente fonte de energia renovável que vem crescendo gradativamente no decorrer dos anos, pois além de ser uma fonte de energia renovável, traz inúmeros benefícios, sendo os principais o fato de ser uma fonte inesgotável e não poluente de energia. O presente estudo objetivou analisar a viabilidade econômico-financeira da energia solar fotovoltaica como uma alternativa para redução de custos em uma Propriedade Rural de Santa Catarina. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória, através do estudo de caso em uma Propriedade Aviária, localizada no Oeste do Estado de Santa Catarina. Para a análise da viabilidade econômico-financeira da energia solar fotovoltaica foram analisados o valor presente líquido, payback descontado, valor anual uniforme equivalente e a taxa interna de retorno. Os resultados indicam que o projeto da implantação de energia solar fotovoltaica como alternativa para redução de custos e de diversificação energética é viável para o período analisado, considerando os dados projetados, com uma TMA de 10%, investimento inicial de R$ 203.914,01, com um payback descontado de 5,4 anos

Response of \u3ci\u3eAmaranthus\u3c/i\u3e spp. following exposure to sublethal herbicide rates via spray particle drift

The adverse consequences of herbicide drift towards sensitive crops have been extensively reported in the literature. However, little to no information is available on the consequences of herbicide drift onto weed species inhabiting boundaries of agricultural fields. Exposure to herbicide drift could be detrimental to long-term weed management as several weed species have evolved herbicide-resistance after recurrent selection with sublethal herbicide rates This study investigated the deposition of glyphosate, 2,4-D, and dicamba spray particle drift from applications with two different nozzles in a low speed wind tunnel, and their impact on growth and development of Amaranthus spp. Herbicide drift resulted in biomass reduction or complete plant mortality. Inflection points (distance to 50% biomass reduction) for Amaranthus tuberculatus were 7.7, 4.0, and 4.1 m downwind distance for glyphosate, 2,4-D, and dicamba applications with the flat-fan nozzle, respectively, whereas these values corresponded to 2.8, 2.5, and 1.9 m for applications with the air-inclusion nozzle. Inflection points for Amaranthus palmeri biomass reduction were 16.3, 10.9, and 11.5 m for glyphosate, 2,4-D, and dicamba applications with the flat-fan nozzle, respectively, whereas these values corresponded to 7.6, 5.4, and 5.4 m for applications with the air-inclusion nozzle. Plants were more sensitive to glyphosate at higher exposure rates than other herbicides, whereas plants were more sensitive to 2,4-D and dicamba at lower exposure rates compared to glyphosate. Applications with the flat-fan nozzle resulted in 32.3 and 11.5% drift of the applied rate at 1.0 and 3.0 m downwind, respectively, whereas the air-inclusion nozzle decreased the dose exposure in the same distances (11.4 and 2.7%, respectively). Herbicide drift towards field boundaries was influenced by nozzle design and exposed weeds to herbicide rates previously reported to select for herbicide-resistant biotypes

Simulação de visibilidade e oclusão em quarteirões históricos: análise comparativa dos softwares Arcgis, Cityengine e Cityzoom

A equilibrada coexistência entre novas construções e conjuntos históricos costuma ajudar a preservar ambiências urbanas e a reforçar o protagonismo de edifícios de inegável valor plástico e cultural. Muitas vezes, restrições construtivas originadas em descrições subjetivas do espaço urbano geram excessos indesejáveis como a redução da atratividade de investimentos e a estagnação das relações sociais e econômicas existentes nestes lugares. Nos dias de hoje, ferramentas computacionais e tecnologias de visualização podem ser utilizadas para aumentar a percepção sobre limiares de interferência visual de novas construções sobre edificações históricas e, se criteriosamente utilizadas, podem contribuir para subsidiar a análise objetiva de impactos urbanísticos conferindo celeridade ao licenciamento das novas construções. Modelos computacionais podem ser utilizados para descrever, numérica e graficamente, espaços oclusos de áreas históricas e “mapear” a interferência de novas edificações. Tecnologias utilizadas para edição de projetos de arquitetura hoje disponíveis não oferecem este mapeamento: este artigo compara o desempenho de ferramentas computacionais que utilizam conceitos elementares de oclusão e visibilidade na aferição de impactos visuais urbanos. A comparação tem por objetivo diferenciar características funcionais destas ferramentas para representar e mensurar espaços dentro e fora dos campos visuais de transeuntes. O trabalho se divide em quatro partes. A primeira parte descreve os modelos conceituais de oclusão e visibilidade e suas aplicações computacionais em três softwares escolhidos para a análise comparativa: ArcGIS, CityEngine e Cityzoom. A segunda parte apresenta os métodos utilizados pelos três softwares para simulação e mensuração de “envelopes oclusos” em quarteirões históricos. Os métodos são testados, na terceira parte, em estudo de caso constituído por quadras do Centro Histórico da cidade de Pelotas - RS. Os resultados obtidos mostram diferenças entre modelos de dados: ArcGIS e CityEngine computam as partes visíveis dos volumes existentes, enquanto Cityzoom computa volumes virtuais em oclusão. Se os três softwares analisados contribuem para a aferição do impacto de novas edificações em ambiente urbano contendo edificações históricas, o software Cityzoom permite a modelagem e mensuração automática, conferindo maior rapidez de resposta em relação aos dois outros softwares.Adequate coexistence between new buildings and historic buildings usually favours historical heritage and help to reinforce the protagonist role of buildings with acknowledged plastic and cultural value. Often, urban regulations constraints originated in subjective interpretations of the urban environment do generate undesirable excesses thus reducing investments and freezing the development of existing social and economic networks. Computational tools and visualization technologies can nowadays be used to enhance the perception about the positive and negative visual interference of new buildings on historical sites and, if judiciously used, can contribute to the objective assessment of urban visual impacts. Computational models can be used to numerically and graphically describe occluded volumes and to "map" the interference of new buildings in preservation areas. Available technologies conventionally used for architectural design do not offer this mapping functionality but CIM (City Information Modelling) software do. This article compares the performance of CIM tools using elementary concepts of occlusion and visibility to measure visual impacts of urban scenarios. The comparison aims to differentiate functional characteristics of these tools to represent and measure spaces within and outside the visual reach of pedestrians. The work is divided into four parts. The first part describes the conceptual models of occlusion and visibility and their computational applications in three software chosen for comparative analysis: ArcGIS, CityEngine and Cityzoom. The second part presents the methods used by the three software for simulation and measurement of "occluded envelopes" in preservation areas. The methods are tested, in the third part, in a case study consisting of blocks located in the Historical District of the city of Pelotas, Brazil. The assessment revealed differences between data models: ArcGIS and CityEngine compute the visible parts of existing volumes while Cityzoom computes virtual occluded volumes. While the three analysed software contribute to the impact assessment of new buildings, Cityzoom enables the automatic modelling and measurement of virtual occluded volumes, thus offering the user a faster assessment than the two other software.  &nbsp

Estágio evolutivo da contabilidade gerencial em micro e pequenas empresas

The objective of the study is to identify the evolutionary stage of managerial accounting of micro and small companies in the municipality of Chapecó (SC). The research uses the questionnaire by Abdel-Kader and Luther (2008) to collect information from the sample of 27 companies. The results indicate that 05 companies have characteristics of stage 1; 09 of stage 2, where they use planned management based on data analysis; 11 stage 3 companies with characteristics aimed at reducing waste of resources and the use of technologies to improve processes; and 02 companies in stage 4, which even observed age and higher revenue compared to the others, as a differential in the use of management instruments characterized as modern. The study contributes to highlight the predominant characteristics and weaknesses of companies regarding the use of management accounting practices and instruments, as well as evidence that managerial instruments are related to the branch of activity, billing and number of employees of the companies. Key words: Management accounting; Artifacts of management accounting; Management control.O objetivo do estudo é identificar o estágio evolutivo da contabilidade gerencial das micro e pequenas empresas do município de Chapecó (SC). A pesquisa utiliza o questionário de Abdel-Kader e Luther (2008), para coleta das informações da amostra de 27 empresas.  Os resultados apontam que 05 empresas possuem características do estágio 1; 09 do estágio 2, onde utilizam de gestão planejada baseada em análises de dados; 11 empresas do estágio 3 com características voltadas para a redução dos desperdícios de recursos e do uso de tecnologias na melhoria de processos; e 02 empresas do estágio 4, que inclusive, observou-se a idade e o faturamento maior em relação as demais, como diferencial do uso de instrumentos de gestão caracterizados como modernos. O estudo contribui para evidenciar as características predominantes e as fragilidades das empresas quanto ao uso de práticas e instrumentos da contabilidade gerencial, bem como evidencia que os instrumentos gerenciais estão relacionados ao ramo de atividade, faturamento e número de funcionários das empresas. Palavras-chave: Instrumentos gerenciais; Estrutura da Contabilidade Gerencial; Controle Gerencial

SUSTENTABILIDADE: UMA ABORDAGEM ACERCA DAS PERCEPÇÕES DOS ACADÊMICOS DE UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO SUPERIOR DE SANTA CATARINA

The study aimed to identify perceptions about the sustainability theme by academics from a higher education institution in the municipality of Chapecó- SC. Methodologically the research is characterized as descriptive, as the survey procedures with qualitative and quantitative nature approach. Its sample 635 students, 39 undergraduate courses. The results show that 64.59% of respondents relate the theme to the sustainability of environmental nature approach, 27.86% relate to social issues, while 7.54% are considering the economic and financial approach as concern related to the theme. Concept while 55.12% believe that sustainability involves concern and joint actions to consider economic, financial, environmental and social performance in order to ensure improvements in human, environmental and financial context. Among the concerns and objectives of the organizations, 68.19% consider the conscious and responsible consumption of natural resources as extremely important factor. In the context of the companies in the Western region of Santa Catarina, 43.15% of respondents consider that there is greater focus on the economic and financial performance, 29.61% indicate that there is only concern with the marketing image. Overall, the results show the importance of discussions and advances in academia, in support of actions and business practices that refer the effectiveness of sustainability

Environmental and sanitary conditions of guanabara bay, Rio de Janeiro

Guanabara Bay is the second largest bay in the coast of Brazil, with an area of 384 km2. In its surroundings live circa 16 million inhabitants, out of which 6 million live in Rio de Janeiro city, one of the largest cities of the country, and the host of the 2016 Olympic Games. Anthropogenic interference in Guanabara Bay area started early in the XVI century, but environmental impacts escalated from 1930, when this region underwent an industrialization process. Herein we present an overview of the current environmental and sanitary conditions of Guanabara Bay, a consequence of all these decades of impacts. We will focus on microbial communities, how they may affect higher trophic levels of the aquatic community and also human health. The anthropogenic impacts in the bay are flagged by heavy eutrophication and by the emergence of pathogenic microorganisms that are either carried by domestic and/or hospital waste (e.g., virus, KPC-producing bacteria, and fecal coliforms), or that proliferate in such conditions (e.g., vibrios). Antibiotic resistance genes are commonly found in metagenomes of Guanabara Bay planktonic microorganisms. Furthermore, eutrophication results in recurrent algal blooms, with signs of a shift toward flagellated, mixotrophic groups, including several potentially harmful species. A recent large-scale fish kill episode, and a long trend decrease in fish stocks also reflects the bay’s degraded water quality. Although pollution of Guanabara Bay is not a recent problem, the hosting of the 2016 Olympic Games propelled the government to launch a series of plans to restore the bay’s water quality. If all plans are fully implemented, the restoration of Guanabara Bay and its shores may be one of the best legacies of the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro