Teste rápido de aglutinação utilizando partículas de látex para a detecção de anticorpos anti-cisticercos em amostras de líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR)

Simple and rapid latex-based diagnostic tests have been used for detecting specific antigens or antibodies in several diseases. In this article, we present the preliminary results obtained with a latex agglutination test (LAT) for diagnosing neurocysticercosis by detection of antibodies in CSF. A total of 43 CSF samples were assayed by the LAT: 19 CSF samples from patients with neurocysticercosis and 24 CSF samples from patients with other neurologic disorders (neurosyphilis, n = 8; neurotoxoplasmosis, n = 3; viral meningitis, n = 4, chronic headache, n = 9). The LAT exhibited 89.5% sensitivity and 75% specificity. The use of LAT seems to be an additional approach for the screening of neurocysticercosis with advantage of simplicity and rapidity. Further studies could be performed using purified antigens and serum samples.Testes diagnósticos simples e rápidos baseados na aglutinação de partículas de látex têm sido utilizados para a pequisa de antígenos ou anticorpos específicos em muitas doenças. No presente trabalho, é descrito um teste de aglutinação em lâmina para a pesquisa de anticorpos contra cisticercos de Taenia solium, utilizando partículas de látex revestidas com um extrato bruto do parasita. Anticorpos anti-cisticercos foram pesquisados em 19 amostras de LCR de pacientes com neurocisticercose e em 24 amostras de LCR de pacientes com outros problemas neurológicos (neurosífilis, n = 8; neurotoxoplasmose, n = 3; meningite viral, n = 4; cefaléia crônica, n = 9). O teste de aglutinação apresentou sensibilidade e especificidade de 89,5% e 75%, respectivamente. O teste de aglutinação para cisticercose idealizado é simples, rápido e barato. Essas características tornam o teste um meio promissor de expansão e simplificação do imunodiagnósico da neurocisticercose. Estudos futuros poderiam testar a sensibilização das partículas de látex com antígenos de cisticercos purificados e a pesquisa de anticorpos em amostras de soros

Energy saving mechanism for a Smart Wearable System: monitoring infants during the sleep

In Smart Wearable Systems (SWS), the wearable devices are powered by batteries with very limited energy available. These emergent systems have strong Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, with focus on reliable communication and low power consumption. This is the scope of the Baby Night Watch, a project developed in the context of the European Texas Instruments Innovation Challenge (TIIC) 2015. This Project consists of a monitoring tool for infants, which matches different emergent research fields. SWSs require energy saving mechanism to reduce the energy wasting during wireless communications. A Transmission Power Control (TPC) mechanism that changes its characteristics according to the scenario of operation, is proposed. It uses sensors to determine the position of the infant and, based on that, predicts the current state of the channel. Other TPC algorithms are implemented and their performance are compared with our novel mechanism. The proposed TPC mechanism outperforms the existing ones in terms of the energy saving.Duarte Fernandes and André G. Ferreira are supported by FCT (grant SFRH/BD/92082/2012 and SFRH/BD/91477/2012 respectively). This work was partially funded by FCT within the Project Scope: Pest-OE/EEI/UI0319/2014, and partially funded by -Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade – COMPETE and National funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia- under the project UID/CTM/00264

Risk of occupational intoxication due to trichloroethvlene in grease removal operations in the county of S. Paulo, Brazil

A toxicidade de vapores de tricloroetileno (TRI) em locais de trabalho é posta em evidência. Determinou-se a concentração de vapores de TRI no ar em fábricas e oficinas onde o líquido serve para desengraxar peças metálicas. Os metabólitos do TRI, o ácido tricloroacético e o tricloroetanol foram determinados em urina de pessoas expostas. Os resultados destas determinações permitem ver a periculosidade potencial que o uso do TRI apresenta.The toxic effects of trichloroethylene (TRI) vapors are explained. The TRI vapors have been determined in the air of workingplaces where the liquid is used to remove oil and grease from metal surfaces. Its metabolites, tricehorocetic acid and trichloroethanol have been determined in the urine of exposed persons. The TRI vapors concentrations and urinary TCA resuts confirm the potential danger represented by the use of trichloroethylene in decreasing processes

Neuroplastic Changes Following Social Cognition Training in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review

Social cognitive impairment is a key feature of schizophrenia and social cognition training (SCT) is a promising tool to address these deficits. Neurobiological dysfunction in schizophrenia has been widely researched, but neuronal changes induced by SCT have been scarcely explored. This review aims to assess the neuroplastic effects of SCT in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for clinical trials testing the effects of SCT in functional and structural brain measurements of adult patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. A total of 11 studies were included: five used fMRI, two used EEG and ERP, one used ERP only, two used MEG and one study used MRI. Data extracting and processing regarding sociodemographic and clinical variables, intervention characteristics, neuroimaging procedures, neuroplastic findings, effect sizes and study quality criteria was completed by two raters. Results indicate a wide range of structural and functional changes in numerous regions and circuits of the social brain, including early perceptual areas, the limbic system and prefrontal regions. Despite the small number of trials currently available, evidence suggests that SCT is associated with neuroplastic changes in the social brain and concomitant improvements in social cognitive performance. There is a lack of extensive knowledge about the neural mechanisms that underlie social cognitive enhancement after treatment, but the reported findings may shed light on the neural substrates of social cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and how improved treatment procedures can be developed and applied.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

In vitro fermentation and prebiotic potential of selected extracts from seaweeds and mushrooms

Extracts with prebiotic activity or bioactive compounds from natural sources such as seaweeds or mushrooms, combining a broad spectrum of biological properties, may offer great potential for their use as functional ingredients enabling intestinal microbiota modulation. In this context, selected enzymatic extracts from Sargassum muticum, Osmundea pinnatifida and Pholiota nameko were evaluated in vitro. Faecal fermentations were conducted anaerobically under controlled temperature and pH over 24 h. Enzymatic extracts of Ph. nameko and of O. pinnatifida at 1% (w/v), lead to increases in Bifidobacterium spp. after 6 h of fermentation in comparison to negative control, suggesting a stimulatory effect. No significant changes over 24 h were observed of Lactobacillus spp. In particular, the Ph. nameko extract obtained with Flavourzyme not only stimulated growth and/or activity of Bifidobacterium spp. but also led to a decrease of Clostridium histolyticum group upon 24 h, thus potentially benefiting colonic health. Higher percentages of this extract (2 and 3%) impaired a C. histolyticum reduction confirming this selective action and prebiotic potential. Differences in short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactic acid production between the four extracts may indicate a potential relationship between their physico-chemical properties, which differ in composition and structures, and modulation of gut bacterial species

Bovine tuberculosis in the state of Paraíba: retrospective survey

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a frequência de propriedades positivas (focos) e de animais positivos para a tuberculose bovina no Estado da Paraíba. Foram utilizados dados da Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado, coletados de suas 23 microrregiões, durante o período de janeiro de 2008 a julho de 2009. Durante esse período, foram examinadas 10.963 propriedades e 54.472 bovinos foram submetidos ao teste de tuberculinização. Para o diagnóstico foi utilizada, como prova de triagem, a tuberculinização cervical simples para gado de leite e a tuberculinização na prega caudal para gado de corte; como prova confirmatória foi utilizada a tuberculinização cervical comparativa. Uma propriedade foi considerada foco quando apresentou pelo menos um animal soropositivo. Das propriedades investigadas, 62 (0,57%) apresentaram pelo menos um animal positivo e dos animais analisados, 136 (0,25%) foram positivos. Houve diferença significativa (p<0,001) na proporção de fêmeas (0,32%) e machos (0,04%) positivos. A despeito da baixa freqüência de focos de brucelose e de animais soropositivos, é necessária a condução de medidas que incluem a conscientização dos produtores, fiscalização nas barreiras sanitárias e levantamentos periódicos da situação epidemiológica desta doença, principalmente nas microrregiões com maior frequência da infecção, com o objetivo de evitar, ou pelo menos minimizar, a disseminação do agente.The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of positive herds (foci) and positive animals for bovine tuberculosis in the state of Paraíba, Northeast region of Brazil. Data from the Agency of Agricultural Protection in the state, collected from its 23 microregions, during the January 2008 to July 2009 period, were used. During this period, 10,963 herds were examined and 54,472 cattle were submitted to the tuberculin test. For diagnosis the cervical and caudal-fold tuberculin tests were used as screening tests in dairy and beef cattle, respectively; as confirmatory test, comparative cervical test was used. A herd was considered focus when presented at least one positive animal. Of the herds investigated, 62 (0.57%) had at least one positive animal, and of the animals examined, 136 (0.25%) were positive. There was significant difference (p<0.001) in the proportion of positivity for females (0.32%) and males (0.04%). Despite low frequency of foci of brucellosis and seropositive animals, it is necessary to conduct measures including awareness of producers, surveillance in sanitary barriers and periodic surveys of epidemiological situation of this disease especially in the regions with highest frequency of infection, aiming to avoid, or at least minimize, the spread of the agent

Methyl 2-(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl­amino)acetate

The title compound, C6H6Cl2N4O2, was prepared by the nucleophilic substitution of 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine by glycine methyl ester hydro­chloride, and was isolated from the reaction by using flash chromatography. The crystal structure at 150 K reveals the presence two crystallographically independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit which differ in the orientation of the pendant methoxy­carbonyl group. Each mol­ecular unit is engaged in strong and highly directional N—H⋯N hydrogen-bonding inter­actions with a symmetry-related mol­ecule, forming supra­molecular dimers which act as the synthons in the crystal packing

Uniaxial traction test on human gracilis and semitendinous tendon

The use of isolated human tendons as well as in associated forms on knee reconstrution has become na usual practice. The literature reveals that the use of implants of patellar tendon as well as the double semitendinous tendon associated to the double gracilis tendon exhibits different post surgical evolution related to the minimal extension loss, anterior-posterior displacement (KT-1000 artrometer), as well as to the sport activities. This research work aim to analyze the mechanical behavior of human tendons (gracilis and semitendinous) subject to uniaxial traction to failure. The mechanical parameters considered includes: stress at failure (MPa), strain energy at failure (N.mm) and strain rate (mm/mm). Results induced to the following conclusions: - tendon of semitendinous muscle is more resistent than the tendon gracilis muscle; exhibits lower strain, stores higher level of strain energy at failure. - as they present distinct mechanical behavior, it would be necessary to acomplish a more detaield analysis to face the time and history dependence wich are the basic characteristics of viscoelastic materials.O uso de tendões humanos, de forma isolada ou associada, em reconstruções ligamentares do joelho é uma prática usual. A utilização desses enxertos (tendão patelar, duplo semitendinoso associado ao duplo grácil) apresenta evolução pós-operatória diferente, quando analisados os parâmetros : perda mínima da extensão, deslocamento ântero-posterior (artrômetro KT-2000), retorno as atividades esportivas. A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar o comportamento mecânico de tendões humanos (grácil e semitendinoso), quando submetidos a ensaios uniaxiais de tração, até a ruptura. Como parâmetros mecânicos para análise e confronto foram considerados: tensão de ruptura (MPa), deformação relativa, módulo de elasticidade (MPa), energia de ruptura (N.mm) e velocidade de carregamento (mm/s). Os resultados permitiram concluir que: - o tendão do músculo semitendinoso é mais resistente que o tendão do músculo grácil; apresenta menores deformações relativas; acumula maior energia de ruptura; - a utilização destes tendões como enxerto único, impõe uma análise mecânica mais detalhada, pois apresentam comportamento mecânico distinto e são materiais história e tempo - dependentes (viscoelásticos).51

The prognostic value of worsening renal function and its timing

Copyright © 2023 Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.INTRODUCTION: Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) admissions are frequently complicated by different patterns of serum creatinine (SCr) elevation. We aimed to assess the prognostic impact of worsening renal function (WRF) based on the timing of its occurrence. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort of patients admitted for ADHF. Standard WRF was defined as an increase in SCr of ≥0.3 mg/dl during hospitalization. WRF timing was classified as early (within 48 hours of admission) or late (>48 hours). Acute kidney injury (AKI) at admission was defined as a rise in SCr of ≥0.3 mg/dl from outpatient baseline measurement to first measurement at admission. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality or hospitalization for cardiovascular events at one-year follow-up. RESULTS: Overall, 249 patients were included (mean age 77±11 years, 62% with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction). Early WRF occurred in 49 patients (19.7%) and was associated with a higher risk of the primary outcome (HR 2.49; 95% CI 1.66-3.73), whereas late WRF was not (p=0.411). After stratification for the presence of early WRF and/or AKI at admission, only patients with early WRF but no AKI at admission and patients with both AKI at admission and early WRF showed a higher risk of the primary outcome after multivariate Cox regression. CONCLUSION: Early WRF was associated with a higher risk of the primary outcome. The timing of WRF seems to be an important factor to take into account when considering the prognostic impact of creatinine variations during hospitalization for ADHF.proofepub_ahead_of_prin

Teste rápido de aglutinação utilizando partículas de látex para a detecção de anticorpos anti-cisticercos em amostras de líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR)

Simple and rapid latex-based diagnostic tests have been used for detecting specific antigens or antibodies in several diseases. In this article, we present the preliminary results obtained with a latex agglutination test (LAT) for diagnosing neurocysticercosis by detection of antibodies in CSF. A total of 43 CSF samples were assayed by the LAT: 19 CSF samples from patients with neurocysticercosis and 24 CSF samples from patients with other neurologic disorders (neurosyphilis, n = 8; neurotoxoplasmosis, n = 3; viral meningitis, n = 4, chronic headache, n = 9). The LAT exhibited 89.5% sensitivity and 75% specificity. The use of LAT seems to be an additional approach for the screening of neurocysticercosis with advantage of simplicity and rapidity. Further studies could be performed using purified antigens and serum samples.Testes diagnósticos simples e rápidos baseados na aglutinação de partículas de látex têm sido utilizados para a pequisa de antígenos ou anticorpos específicos em muitas doenças. No presente trabalho, é descrito um teste de aglutinação em lâmina para a pesquisa de anticorpos contra cisticercos de Taenia solium, utilizando partículas de látex revestidas com um extrato bruto do parasita. Anticorpos anti-cisticercos foram pesquisados em 19 amostras de LCR de pacientes com neurocisticercose e em 24 amostras de LCR de pacientes com outros problemas neurológicos (neurosífilis, n = 8; neurotoxoplasmose, n = 3; meningite viral, n = 4; cefaléia crônica, n = 9). O teste de aglutinação apresentou sensibilidade e especificidade de 89,5% e 75%, respectivamente. O teste de aglutinação para cisticercose idealizado é simples, rápido e barato. Essas características tornam o teste um meio promissor de expansão e simplificação do imunodiagnósico da neurocisticercose. Estudos futuros poderiam testar a sensibilização das partículas de látex com antígenos de cisticercos purificados e a pesquisa de anticorpos em amostras de soros.575