Spectator 1951-03-08

xii, 611 hlm.; 21 c

The westward journey of alfalfa leaf curl virus

Alfalfa leaf curl virus (ALCV), which causes severe disease symptoms in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and is transmitted by the widespread aphid species, Aphis craccivora Koch, has been found throughout the Mediterranean basin as well as in Iran and Argentina. Here we reconstruct the evolutionary history of ALCV and attempt to determine whether the recent discovery and widespread detection of ALCV is attributable either to past diagnostic biases or to the emergence and global spread of the virus over the past few years. One hundred and twenty ALCV complete genome sequences recovered from ten countries were analyzed and four ALCV genotypes (ALCV-A, ALCV-B, ALCV-C, and ALCV-D) were clearly distinguished. We further confirm that ALCV isolates are highly recombinogenic and that recombination has been a major determinant in the origins of the various genotypes. Collectively, the sequence data support the hypothesis that, of all the analyzed locations, ALCV likely emerged and diversified in the Middle East before spreading to the western Mediterranean basin and Argentina

Diverse genomoviruses representing twenty-nine species identified associated with plants

Genomoviruses (family Genomoviridae) are circular single-stranded DNA viruses that have been mainly identifed through metagenomics studies in a wide variety of samples from various environments. Here, we describe 98 genomes of genomoviruses found associated with members of 19 plant families from Australia, Brazil, France, South Africa and the USA. These 98 genomoviruses represent 29 species, 26 of which are new, in the genera Gemykolovirus (n = 37), Gemyduguivirus (n = 9), Gemygorvirus (n = 8), Gemykroznavirus (n = 6), Gemycircularvirus (n = 21) and Gemykibivirus (n = 17)

Le musée français: guerras napoleônicas, coleções artísticas e o longínquo destino de um livro

This paper is about Le Musée Français [The French Museum], a book found in the collection of the library of the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts in Rio de Janeiro. As a catalog of the Napoleon Museum, it bears witness to the reorganization of the arts in Europe as a result of the Napoleonic wars and the project of making Paris a true successor to Athens and Rome, as the center of a new republic of the arts. This process was the object of a dispute where Quatremère de Quincy and Joachim Lebreton played an important role. It was also one of the causes leading to the exile of a group of artists who then helped to lay the foundations for an academic environment in Rio de Janeiro.O artigo trata de Le musée français, livro que fez parte da coleção da biblioteca da Academia Imperial das Belas Artes, no RiodeJaneiro. Como catálogo do Museu Napoleão, é testemunho do processo de reordenamento, resultante das guerras napoleônicas, do universo das artes na Europa e do projeto de fazer de Paris a legítima herdeira de Atenas e Roma, como centro de uma nova idéia de república das artes. Processo esse que foi objeto de disputa, em que se destacaram Quatremère de Quincy eJoachim Lebreton, e foi uma das causas do exílio do grupo de artistas que esteve na origem da formação do ambiente acadêmico no Rio de Janeiro

N. M. Sutherland : The French Secretaries of State in the Age of Catherine de Medici.

Richet Denis. N. M. Sutherland : The French Secretaries of State in the Age of Catherine de Medici.. In: Annales. Economies, sociétés, civilisations. 23ᵉ année, N. 2, 1968. pp. 425-427

Croissance et blocage en France du XVe au XVIIIe siècle

Richet Denis. Croissance et blocage en France du XVe au XVIIIe siècle. In: Annales. Economies, sociétés, civilisations. 23ᵉ année, N. 4, 1968. pp. 759-787

Pourquoi Malthus ?

Richet Denis. Pourquoi Malthus ?. In: Histoire, économie et société, 1982, 1ᵉ année, n°3. pp. 413-421

N. M. Sutherland : The French Secretaries of State in the Age of Catherine de Medici.

Richet Denis. N. M. Sutherland : The French Secretaries of State in the Age of Catherine de Medici.. In: Annales. Economies, sociétés, civilisations. 23ᵉ année, N. 2, 1968. pp. 425-427

Lionel Rothkrug. Opposition to Louis XIV. The political and social origins of the French Enlightement.

Richet Denis. Lionel Rothkrug. Opposition to Louis XIV. The political and social origins of the French Enlightement.. In: Annales. Economies, sociétés, civilisations. 23ᵉ année, N. 2, 1968. pp. 435-436