Multifractal characteristics of optical turbulence measured through a single beam holographic process

We have previously shown that azopolymer thin films exposed to coherent light that has travelled through a turbulent medium produces a surface relief grating containing information about the intensity of the turbulence; for instance, a relation between the refractive index structure constant C2 as a function of the surface parameters was obtained. In this work, we show that these films capture much more information about the turbulence dynamics. Multifractal detrended fluctuation and fractal dimension analysis from images of the surface roughness produced by the light on the azopolymer reveals scaling properties related to those of the optical turbulence.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Release of Gentamicin and Vancomycin from Preformed Spacers in Infected Total Hip Arthroplasties: Measurement of Concentrations and Inhibitory Activity in Patients’ Drainage Fluids and Serum

Gentamicin (G) and vancomycin (V) concentrations in drainage fluids obtained from patients during the first 24 hours after implantation of antibiotic-loaded polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spacers in two-stage revision of infected total hip arthroplasty were studied. The inhibitory activity of drainage fluids against different multiresistant clinical isolates was investigated as well. Seven hips were treated by implantation of industrial G-loaded spacers. Vancomycin was added by manually mixing with PMMA bone cement. Serum and drainage fluid samples were collected 1, 4, and 24 hours after spacer implantation. Antibiotics concentrations and drains bactericidal titer of combination were determined against multiresistant staphylococcal strains. The release of G and V from PMMA cement at the site of infection was prompt and effective. Serum levels were below the limit of detection. The local release kinetics of G and V from PMMA cement was similar, exerting a pronounced, combined inhibitory effect in the implant site. The inhibitory activity of drainage fluids showed substantial intersubject variability related to antibiotic concentrations and differed according to the pathogens tested. Gentamicin and vancomycin were released from temporary hip spacers at bactericidal concentrations, and their use in combination exerted strong inhibition against methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Coagulase Negative Staphylococci strains

Fourth generation head fracture in ceramic-on-polyethylene bearing after hip revision surgery: a case report

Fourth generation ceramic bearings (BIOLOX delta, CeramTec AG; Phlochingen, Germany) were developed to reduce wear debris and improve fracture resistance. A case of a fourth generation head fracture in ceramic-on-polyethylene (COP) coupling after hip revision surgery is reported. A 58-year-old man was admitted to our department for increasing hip pain following a direct trauma which occurred during skiing activity 4 months before. Six years earlier, he had undergone a right cementless revision surgery with a 36-mm BIOLOX delta femoral head on polyethylene liner for metallosis and foreign body reaction after primary total hip replacement for hip osteoarthritis. At admission, radiological evaluation revealed a fracture of ceramic femoral head requiring a new revision surgery. Extensive synovectomy, lavage and capsulectomy were performed. Both acetabular cup and femoral stem were well fixed with no damage of trunnion, and therefore they were retained. A 36-mm internal diameter polyethylene acetabular liner was inserted along a 36-mm BIOLOX delta head with a BioBall adapter XL. The postoperative course was uncomplicated. At 1-year follow-up, the patient had a complete functional recovery. To our knowledge, BIOLOX delta ceramic femoral head fracture after COP hip revision surgery has not been previously reported

Serious Delayed Hair Toe Tourniquet Syndrome with Bone Erosion and Flexor Tendon Lesion

Hair toe tourniquet syndrome (HTTS) is an uncommon pediatric condition occurring when the toe is circumferentially strangulated by human hair or fibers. An 8-week-old little girl was admitted to the Emergency Department because of the worsening swelling in the right second and third toes, which had been been previously treated with a local antibiotic thinking of an infection. An unrecognized HTTS was leading the third toe to necrosis. An urgent release of the constricting band on the two toes was performed and bone erosion and partial flexor tendon lesion on the third toe were detected. We would like to raise awareness in the community and in colleagues about HTTS in children, because early recognition and urgent treatment are mandatory to provide an adequate management and prevent severe complications

Rotational osteoplasty and bioabsorbable polylactate pin fixation in Pipkin type 2 fracture with acute osteochondral defect: a case report

Pipkin fractures are relative rare high-energy lesions characterized by an intra-articular fracture of the femoral head after posterior hip dislocation. Early anatomic reduction and stable fixation are the main goals of treatment. This case evaluates the outcome of managing Pipkin type 2 fracture with acute osteochondral defect of the femoral head using "rotational osteoplasty" and bioabsorbable polylactate pin fixation. 24-year-old male patient was involved in a motorcycle accident, suffering from a left hip fracture-dislocation, and pelvic Computed Tomography revealed a Pipkin type 2 lesion. An open urgent treatment was performed. After  anatomic reduction of the femoral head fragment a large osteochondral defect in the anterior-superior weight bearing surface was evident. The pattern of the fracture allowed us to perform a "rotational osteoplasty" including rotation of the femoral head fragment, to obtain an osteochondral cartilage congruence of the anterior-superior surface. Stable fixation was obtained by three bioabsorbable polylactate pins. At four-year follow up the patient had an excellent outcome and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed fracture healing, minimal signs of arthritis, excluding osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The reported case confirms that Pipkin fractures are very insidious surgical urgencies. In selected cases, "rotational osteoplasty" may be an alternative to osteochondral transplant for acute osteochondral defect of the femoral head. Bioabsorbable polylactate pin fixation allowed us to have a stable fixation evaluating the bone healing process and vitality of femoral head by MRI

CT-guided radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteoma using a multi-tined expandable electrode system

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the gold standard for the treatment of symptomatic osteoid osteoma (OO) as RFA yields both a high success and low complication rate. It has been widely utilized over the years, but recurrences of OO after this treatment have been documented. These recurrences may be the result of various factors, including incomplete tumor ablation, and are significantly higher in lesions greater than 10 mm. Thus, the need to induce thermal ablation in a wider area led us to use a Multi-Tined Expandable Electrode System (MTEES). In this study we examined the efficacy and safety of RFA using a MTEES in symptomatic OO

PROGETTO PER UN ECOMUSEO MULTIMEDIALE NELLA BORGATA PARALOUP

Descrizione del progetto di "ecomuseo multimediale per la Borgata Paraloup" un museo, essenzialmente multimediale, che sarà diffuso sul erritorio circostante, sotto forma di stimoli sensoriali e di segnalazioni, ma saprà anche porsi in connessione con luoghi più distanti e significativi, nell’idea di costituire Paraloup quale ganglio di una rete di memoria più ampia e sald

Working conditions in the Brazilian sugarcane market

Apesar da expressiva expansão da cultura canavieira no Brasil na última década, há ainda algumas barreiras, entre elas, questionamentos sobre a sustentabilidade ambiental e socioeconômica dessa atividade. No âmbito social, os questionamentos são, sobretudo, em relação às condições de trabalho no campo. Este estudo analisa as condições de trabalho em três importantes regiões produtoras de cana-de-açúcar, com base nos autos de infrações aplicados pelo Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego. Complementarmente, são aplicadas entrevistas a agentes do setor para melhor compreensão do problema e das políticas governamentais. Os resultados mostram redução das irregularidades trabalhistas, sobretudo se comparados com os de outras importantes atividades regionais, principalmente por causa das recentes diretrizes do governo federal para intensificação das fiscalizações e adequação da legislação. Embora existam irregularidades específicas e localizadas, o setor sucroalcooleiro tem evoluído em relação às legislações trabalhistas e em seus indicadores socioeconômicos, resultado dos esforços conjuntos da esfera federal, de órgãos de representação de classe e do setor empresarial242The Brazilian sugarcane production has grown significantly over the past decade. However, this market has facing barriers on international market as consequence of arguments concerning to the sugarcane socioeconomic and environmental sustainability. On the social context, the discussion is related to unsatisfactory labor conditions that may conduce to workers to harmful situations. This paper proposes to investigate sugarcane work conditions in three major producing states comparing to other important agricultural markets. The analysis is grounded on the data basis of surveillance offices from Labor and Employment Ministry. Additionally, interviews were applied to some agents of this market. Overall, results suggest a decreasing on sugarcane labor irregularities especially in comparison to other markets. Recent government labor policies have contributed to working conditions improvements. Also, sugarcane has been presenting significantly smaller irregularities ratios than other markets. Notwithstanding the existence of particular and located labor infringements, the sugarcane market has evolving labor issues and attending to the federal labor legislatio

Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages