La sardana segons Joaquín Turina

L'article relaciona Joaquín Turina amb Catalunya. Per una banda, corrobora l'existència d'una revisió del concepte de sardana deslligat pròpiament de la cobla i consolidat en altres ambients musicals com el simfònic o el de la música de cambra. Per altra banda, exposa el punt de vista del compositor vers la sardana i la cobla. A partir de l'anàlisi de «Sardana» de Joaquín Turina, es demostra fins a quin punt la visió crítica d'un compositor pot quedar plasmada en la visió creativa de la seva obra.This paper relates Joaquín Turina to Catalonia. On the one hand, it confirms the existence of a review of the sardana concept, properly separated from the cobla and consolidated in other musical areas such as symphonic music and chamber music. On the other hand, it presents the composer's point of view regarding the sardana and the cobla. From an analysis of Turina's «Sardana», we show the extent to which a composer's critical vision can be reflected in the creative vision of his work

Pudica, potens, atrox: caracterització de dones al poder a les fonts primàries

Aquest treball tracta la representació a les fonts primàries de dones que exercien el poder indirectament. Després d'una aproximació al context històric i social i a les fonts, s'analitza la vida de Lívia, Agripina la Menor i Agripina la Major i el lèxic que s'utilitzava per descriure-les. Per veure si la caracterització de les dones al poder canvia al llarg dels segles, es fa una comparació amb tres reines medievals angleses: Elionor d'Aquitània, Isabel de França i Elisabet Woodville

Influences of hydroxyl radicals (OH) on top-down estimates of the global and regional methane budgets

The hydroxyl radical (OH), which is the dominant sink of methane (CH4), plays a key role in closing the global methane budget. Current top-down estimates of the global and regional CH4 budget using 3D models usually apply prescribed OH fields and attribute model–observation mismatches almost exclusively to CH4 emissions, leaving the uncertainties due to prescribed OH fields less quantified. Here, using a variational Bayesian inversion framework and the 3D chemical transport model LMDz, combined with 10 different OH fields derived from chemistry–climate models (Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative, or CCMI, experiment), we evaluate the influence of OH burden, spatial distribution, and temporal variations on the global and regional CH4 budget. The global tropospheric mean CH4-reaction-weighted [OH] ([OH]GM−CH4) ranges 10.3–16.3×105 molec cm−3 across 10 OH fields during the early 2000s, resulting in inversion-based global CH4 emissions between 518 and 757  Tg yr−1. The uncertainties in CH4 inversions induced by the different OH fields are similar to the CH4 emission range estimated by previous bottom-up syntheses and larger than the range reported by the top-down studies. The uncertainties in emissions induced by OH are largest over South America, corresponding to large inter-model differences of [OH] in this region. From the early to the late 2000s, the optimized CH4 emissions increased by 22±6  Tg yr−1 (17–30  Tg yr−1), of which ∼25  % (on average) offsets the 0.7  % (on average) increase in OH burden. If the CCMI models represent the OH trend properly over the 2000s, our results show that a higher increasing trend of CH4 emissions is needed to match the CH4 observations compared to the CH4 emission trend derived using constant OH. This study strengthens the importance of reaching a better representation of OH burden and of OH spatial and temporal distributions to reduce the uncertainties in the global and regional CH4 budgets

Country-scale greenhouse gas budgets using shipborne measurements: a case study for the UK and Ireland

We present a mass balance approach to estimate the seasonal and annual budgets of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) of the United Kingdom (excluding Scotland) and the Republic of Ireland from concentration measurements taken on a ferry along the east coast of the United Kingdom over a 3-year period (2015–2017). We estimate the annual emissions of CH4 to be 2.55±0.48 Tg, which is consistent with the combined 2.29 Tg reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change by the individual countries. The net CO2 budget (i.e. including all anthropogenic and biogenic sources and sinks of CO2) is estimated at 881.0±125.8 Tg, with a net biogenic contribution of 458.7 Tg (taken as the difference between the estimated net emissions and the inventory value, which accounts for anthropogenic emissions only). The largest emissions for both gases were observed in a broad latitudinal band (52.5–54∘ N), which coincides with densely populated areas. The emissions of both gases were seasonal (maxima in winter and minima in summer), strongly correlated with natural gas usage and, to a lesser extent, also anti-correlated with mean air temperature. Methane emissions exhibited a statistically significant anti-correlation with air temperature at the seasonal timescale in the central region spanning 52.8–54.2∘ N, which hosts a relatively high density of waste treatment facilities. Methane emissions from landfills have been shown to sometimes increase with decreasing air temperature due to changes in the CH4-oxidising potential of the topsoil, and we speculate that the waste sector contributes significantly to the CH4 budget of this central region. This study brings independent verification of the emission budgets estimated using alternative products (e.g. mass balance budgets by aircraft measurements, inverse modelling, inventorying) and offers an opportunity to investigate the seasonality of these emissions, which is usually not possible

Análisis de la situación de partida para la transformación del entorno educativo y familiar mediante la alfabetización digital : prueba piloto en una escuela del sistema educativo andorrano

El presente trabajo de investigación analiza la incorporación de ordenadores personales de uso individual de manera permanente en el aula y describe la situación de partida del cuanto al entorno familiar de los niños/as y su competencia TIC (Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación), con el objetivo de construir el marco a partir del cual se puede analizar, en una segunda fase, los cambios que se produzcan como influencia de la introducción de las TIC. El proyecto se desarrolla en dos aulas de primer ciclo de primera enseñanza (primaria) de la Escuela Andorrana (entre 6 y 8 años) y se obtiene una primera aproximación del uso potencial de las TIC en el entorno educativo.The present research analyse the incorporation of personal computers for individual use in the classroom and describe the initial situation in children’s family background and children’s digital skills, to build the framework where we could analyze in a second phase, the changes that occur as influenced by the introduction of ICT. The project is developed in two classrooms of a elementary school from Andorran education system (6 to 8 years old) and gives a first approximation of the potential use of ICT in educational settings

Corrigendum to "Source attribution of the changes in atmospheric methane for 2006–2008" published in Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3689–3700, 2011

No abstract available

Calibration of TCCON column-averaged CO₂: the first aircraft campaign over European TCCON sites

The Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) is a ground-based network of Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) sites around the globe, where the column abundances of CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, CO and O₂ are measured. CO₂ is constrained with a precision better than 0.25% (1-σ). To achieve a similarly high accuracy, calibration to World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standards is required. This paper introduces the first aircraft calibration campaign of five European TCCON sites and a mobile FTS instrument. A series of WMO standards in-situ profiles were obtained over European TCCON sites via aircraft and compared with retrievals of CO₂ column amounts from the TCCON instruments. The results of the campaign show that the FTS measurements are consistently biased 1.1% ± 0.2% low with respect to WMO standards, in agreement with previous TCCON calibration campaigns. The standard a priori profile for the TCCON FTS retrievals is shown to not add a bias. The same calibration factor is generated using aircraft profiles as a priori and with the TCCON standard a priori. With a calibration to WMO standards, the highly precise TCCON CO₂ measurements of total column concentrations provide a suitable database for the calibration and validation of nadir-viewing satellites