Farklı İBA konsantrasyonları ve bekletme sürelerinde bozkır otu çeliklerinin çoğaltılması

Forage kochia, a subshrub forage plant, grows naturally in the pastures of dry areas in Turkey. Their seeds grow slowly in nature, and being short duration of seed viability could be caused by limitations on the cultivation of forage kochia in Turkey. Forage kochia seedlings can be produced serially quickly with cutting propagation as vegetation propagation method. Therefore, forage kochia cuttings were exposed to 12 different IBA concentrations (250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 10000, and 15000 mg kg-1 ) at four holding times (5, 30, 180, and 900 s) in this research carried out Completely Randomized Design in the greenhouse. We investigated the percentage of rooting, the number of the root, shoot and root length, shoot and root weight, dry root weight, and leave yellowing of these cutting. The best developments in the percentage of rooting (100%), number of roots (> 7), shoot length (> 20 cm), root length (>10 cm), root weight (>0.60 g), dry root weight (>0.1 g) and leave yellowing (score >1.60) were obtained from 500 mg kg-1 IBA at 900 s, 5000 mg kg-1 IBA at 180 s, and 10000 mg kg-1 IBA at 5 s interactions. As a result, we advised 500 mg kg-1 IBA at 900 s, 5000 mg kg-1 IBA at 180 s and 10000 mg kg-1 IBA at 5 s for the quick and economically cutting propagation of forage kochia.Yarı çalı bir yem bitkisi olan bozkır otu, Türkiye’nin kurak alanlarındaki meralarda doğal olarak yetişmektedir. Bozkır otunun doğada tohum ile büyümesi çok yavaş ve tohum canlılığı süresinin kısa olması ülkemizde bozkır otu tarımında kısıtlamaya neden olmaktadır. Vejetatif çoğaltma yöntemi olarak çelikle çoğaltma ile bozkır otu fidesi daha kısa sürede seri bir şekilde üretilebilir. Bu sebeple, Tesadüf Parselleri Deneme Desenine göre serada yürütülen bu çalışmada 4 adet sürede (5, 30, 180 ve 900 s) ve 12 farklı IBA konsantrasyonlarına (250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 10000 ve 15000 mg kg-1 ) bozkır otu çelikleri maruz bırakıldı. Bu çeliklerin köklenme yüzdesi, kök sayısı, fide ve kök uzunluğu, yaş fide ve kök ağırlığı, kuru kök ağırlığı ve yaprak sararması incelenmiştir. Çeliklerde köklenme yüzdesi (%100), kök sayısı (>7 adet), fide uzunluğu (>20 cm), kök uzunluğu (>10 cm), kök ağırlığı (>0.60 g), kuru kök ağırlığı (>0.1 g) ve yaprak sararması (Skor >1.60) açısından en iyi gelişim 900 saniyede 500 mg kg-1 IBA, 180 saniyede 5.000 mg kg-1 IBA ve 5 saniyede 10.000 mg kg-1 IBA konsantrasyonlarından elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak bozkır otunun ekonomik ve hızlı bir şekilde çelikle çoğaltılması için 900 saniyede 500 mg kg-1 IBA, 180 saniyede 5.000 mg kg-1 IBA ve 5 saniyede 10.000 mg kg-1 IBA konsantrasyonları önerilmektedir

Explicit Breaking of SO(3) with Higgs Fields in the Representations L =2 and L =3

A gauged SO(3) symmetry is broken into its little groups of the representations L=2 and L=3. Explicit Higgs potentials leading to the spontaneous symmetry breaking are constructed. The masses of the gauge bosons and Higgs particles are calculated in terms of the renormalizable potentials. Emergence of Goldstone bosons arising from the absence of certain potential terms is also discussed. Analogous structures between the cosmic strings and disclinations of liquid crystals are noted

Solution of the Bosonic and Algebraic Hamiltonians by using AIM

We apply the notion of asymptotic iteration method (AIM) to determine eigenvalues of the bosonic Hamiltonians that include a wide class of quantum optical models. We consider solutions of the Hamiltonians, which are even polynomials of the fourth order with the respect to Boson operators. We also demonstrate applicability of the method for obtaining eigenvalues of the simple Lie algebraic structures. Eigenvalues of the multi-boson Hamiltonians have been obtained by transforming in the form of the single boson Hamiltonian in the framework of AIM

The Determination of Botanical Properties of Forage Kochia Population Grown in Konya Conditions

Adverse soil and environmental factors cause a decrease in pasture yield in our country. Shrub species are given importance in breeding studies carried out in order to increase the yield in marginal pastures in the world. Forage kochia (Kochia prostrata), which is a naturally growing and semi-shrub in Turkey%252339%253Bs flora, shows tolerance to adverse soil and climatic conditions. This research was established in Konya in October 2017 according to the Randomized Complete Block Design with 4 replications. In the research, the morphological and yield values of the forage kochia populations collected from 5 different locations in Konya (i.e., Karapınar Kartal Kayaları, Bahri Dağdaş I.A.R.I, Campus Beltway-Selçuklu, Ardıçlı Rural- Selçuklu, and S.U.F.A. Forage Kochia Demonstration Garden) were examined during 2018-2019. We investigated the blooming time (Scoring), plant height (cm), canopy diameter (cm), number of branch, stem diameter (mm), shape of habitus (Scoring), leaf length (mm), leaf width (mm), color of anther and stigma (Scoring), fodder yield per plant (g) and hay yield per plant (g). In this study, the Campus Beltway- Selçuklu Population (3P) bloomed the earliest in this area between the end of August and early September (Score 5,36). Among the forage kochia populations showing semi-decumbent habitus (Score 7,05-7,63) the Karapınar Kartal Kayaları Population (1P) had the highest yield potential regarding plant height (i.e., 46,63 cm), canopy diameter (i.e., 50,50 cm), fodder yield per plant (i.e., 112 g), and hay yield per plant (i.e., 45,28 g). In line with the findings obtained in the study, while the Karapınar Kartal Kayaları Population (1P) and the Campus Beltway- Selçuklu Population (3P) stand out in terms of yield and yield components. These results show us that each population is a valuable gene resource in plant breeding for pasture improvement

Algebraic treatments of the problems of the spin-1/2 particles in the one and two-dimensional geometry: a systematic study

We consider solutions of the 2x2 matrix Hamiltonians of the physical systems within the context of the su(2) and su(1,1) Lie algebra. Our technique is relatively simple when compared with the others and treats those Hamiltonians which can be treated in a unified framework of the $$ algebra. The systematic study presented here reproduces a number of earlier results in a natural way as well as leads to a novel findings. Possible generalizations of the method are also suggested.Comment: Annals of Physics (2005) to be publishe

Okul Öncesi Eğitim Programındaki Etkinliklere Yönelik Öz-Yeterlik İnanç Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Analizi

The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable scale for preschool teachers’ selfefficacy beliefs as they were related to activities in the 2013 preschool education program. The participants in this study consisted of 425 preschool teachers selected by random sampling. The researchers created an instrument consisting of 59 items, all answered using a 5-point Likert-type scale. Expert opinions were obtained for the content validity of the scale, and exploratory factor analysis were conducted to determine its construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the scale had 10 factors: Art, Drama, Field Trips, Mathematics, Movement, Music, Play, Preparation for Reading and Writing, Science and Turkish Language. The total reliability coefficient (Cronbach alpha) for the scale was calculated as .95. Taken as a whole, the results show that this self-efficacy scale is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring preschool teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs concerning activities in the preschool education programBu araştırmanın amacı, okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin Türk okul öncesi eğitim programındaki etkinlikleri uygulamalarına yönelik, öz-yeterlik inançlarını belirlemek için geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Araştırmada, seçkisiz örneklem yöntemi kullanılmış olup, çalışmanın örneklemini 425 okul öncesi öğretmeni oluşturmuştur. Okul öncesi eğitim programındaki etkinliklere yönelik öz-yeterlik ölçeğinin kapsam geçerliliği için uzman görüşüne başvurulmuştur. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliliğini saptamak amacıyla Açımlayıcı ve Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Beşli Likert tipi, 59 maddeden oluşan ölçeğin açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ölçeğin maddelerinin; Fen, Türkçe, Matematik, Okuma-Yazmaya Hazırlık, Müzik, Alan Gezileri, Hareket, Oyun, Drama ve Sanat olmak üzere 10 alt boyuttan oluştuğu saptanmıştır. Ölçeğin tüm maddeleri için hesaplanan toplam güvenirlik katsayısı (Cronbach alpha) .95 olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca ölçeğin 10 faktörlü yapısı, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile de doğrulanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda; okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin Okul Öncesi Eğitim Programındaki Etkinliklere Yönelik Öz-Yeterlik Ölçeğinin; öğretmenlerin öz-yeterlik inanışlarını ölçebilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu saptanmıştır.

Exactly solvable effective mass D-dimensional Schrodinger equation for pseudoharmonic and modified Kratzer problems

We employ the point canonical transformation (PCT) to solve the D-dimensional Schr\"{o}dinger equation with position-dependent effective mass (PDEM) function for two molecular pseudoharmonic and modified Kratzer (Mie-type) potentials. In mapping the transformed exactly solvable D-dimensional ($D\geq 2$) Schr\"{o}dinger equation with constant mass into the effective mass equation by employing a proper transformation, the exact bound state solutions including the energy eigenvalues and corresponding wave functions are derived. The well-known pseudoharmonic and modified Kratzer exact eigenstates of various dimensionality is manifested.Comment: 13 page

Quaternionic Root Systems and Subgroups of the Aut(F4)Aut(F_{4})

Cayley-Dickson doubling procedure is used to construct the root systems of some celebrated Lie algebras in terms of the integer elements of the division algebras of real numbers, complex numbers, quaternions and octonions. Starting with the roots and weights of SU(2) expressed as the real numbers one can construct the root systems of the Lie algebras of SO(4),SP(2)= SO(5),SO(8),SO(9),F_{4} and E_{8} in terms of the discrete elements of the division algebras. The roots themselves display the group structures besides the octonionic roots of E_{8} which form a closed octonion algebra. The automorphism group Aut(F_{4}) of the Dynkin diagram of F_{4} of order 2304, the largest crystallographic group in 4-dimensional Euclidean space, is realized as the direct product of two binary octahedral group of quaternions preserving the quaternionic root system of F_{4}.The Weyl groups of many Lie algebras, such as, G_{2},SO(7),SO(8),SO(9),SU(3)XSU(3) and SP(3)X SU(2) have been constructed as the subgroups of Aut(F_{4}). We have also classified the other non-parabolic subgroups of Aut(F_{4}) which are not Weyl groups. Two subgroups of orders192 with different conjugacy classes occur as maximal subgroups in the finite subgroups of the Lie group $G_{2}$ of orders 12096 and 1344 and proves to be useful in their constructions. The triality of SO(8) manifesting itself as the cyclic symmetry of the quaternionic imaginary units e_{1},e_{2},e_{3} is used to show that SO(7) and SO(9) can be embedded triply symmetric way in SO(8) and F_{4} respectively

The Chevalley group G_{2}(2) of order 12096 and the octonionic root system of E_{7}

The octonionic root system of the exceptional Lie algebra E_8 has been constructed from the quaternionic roots of F_4 using the Cayley-Dickson doubling procedure where the roots of E_7 correspond to the imaginary octonions. It is proven that the automorphism group of the octonionic root system of E_7 is the adjoint Chevalley group G_2(2) of order 12096. One of the four maximal subgroups of G_2(2) of order 192 preserves the quaternion subalgebra of the E_7 root system. The other three maximal subgroups of orders 432,192 and 336 are the automorphism groups of the root systems of the maximal Lie algebras E_6xU(1), SU(2)xSO(12), and SU(8) respectively. The 7-dimensional manifolds built with the use of these discrete groups could be of potential interest for the compactification of the M-theory in 11-dimension

Spectrum of the Relativistic Particles in Various Potentials

We extend the notion of Dirac oscillator in two dimensions, to construct a set of potentials. These potentials becomes exactly and quasi-exactly solvable potentials of non-relativistic quantum mechanics when they are transformed into a Schr\"{o}dinger-like equation. For the exactly solvable potentials, eigenvalues are calculated and eigenfunctions are given by confluent hypergeometric functions. It is shown that, our formulation also leads to the study of those potentials in the framework of the supersymmetric quantum mechanics