Violation Contexts and Deontic Independence

. In this paper we discuss the role of context and independence in normative reasoning. First, deontic operators -- obligations, prohibitions, permissions -- referring to the ideal context may conflict with operators referring to a violation (or contrary-to-duty) context. Second, deontic independence is a powerful concept to derive deontic operators from such operators of other violation contexts. These two concepts are used to determine how to proceed once a norm has been violated, a key issue of deontic logic applications in computer science. We also show how violation contexts and deontic independence can be used to give a new analysis of several notorious paradoxes of deontic logic. 1 Introduction Deontic logic is a modal logic in which flp is read as `p ought to be (done),' Fp as `p is forbidden to be (done)' and Pp as `p is permitted to be (done).' Deontic logic has traditionally been used by philosophers to analyze the structure of the normative use of language. In the eightie..

Protein data integration problem

In this chapter, we consider the challenges of information integration in proteomics from the prospective of researchers using information technology as an integral part of their discovery process. Specifically, data integration, meta-data specification, data provenance and data quality, and ontology are discussed here. These are the fundamental problems that need to be solved by the bioinformatics community so that modern information technology can have a deeper impact on the progress of biological discovery