Evaluación de pérdidas de grano en cosecha de arroz, cebada, sorgo y soya realizada con combinada

Arroz-Oryza sativaCebada-Hordeum vulgareSorgo-sorgos - Sorghum bicolorSoya-Soja- Glycine ma

Advanced Compton Telescope Designs and SN Science

The Advanced Compton Telescope (ACT) has been suggested to be the optimal next-generation instrument to study nuclear gamma-ray lines. In this work, we investigate the potential of three hypothetical designs of the ACT to perform SN science. We provide estimates of 1) the SN detection rate, 2) the SN Ia discrimination rate, and 3) which gamma-ray lines would be detected from specific supernova remnants. We find that the prompt emission from a SN Ia is such that it is unlikely that one would be within the range that an INTERMEDIATE ACT would be able to distinguish between explosion scenarios, although such an instrument would detect a handful of SNRs. We further find that the SUPERIOR ACT design would be a truly breakthrough instrument for SN science. By supplying these estimates, we intend to assist the gamma-ray astrophysics community in deciding the course of the next decade of gamma-ray SN science.Comment: 10 pages, accepted for publication in New astronomy Reviews (Astronomy with Radioactivities III

Controlled-NOT logic gate for phase qubits based on conditional spectroscopy

A controlled-NOT logic gate based on conditional spectroscopy has been demonstrated recently for a pair of superconducting flux qubits [Plantenberg et al., Nature 447, 836 (2007)]. Here we study the fidelity of this type of gate applied to a phase qubit coupled to a resonator (or a pair of capacitively coupled phase qubits). Our results show that an intrinsic fidelity of more than 99% is achievable in 45ns.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, To appear in Quantum Inf. Pro

An outflow in the Seyfert ESO 362-G18 revealed by Gemini-GMOS/IFU observations

Indexación: Scopus.We present two-dimensional stellar and gaseous kinematics of the inner 0.7 × 1.2 kpc2 of the Seyfert 1.5 galaxy ESO 362-G18, derived from optical (4092-7338 Å) spectra obtained with the GMOS integral field spectrograph on the Gemini South telescope at a spatial resolution of ≈ 170 pc and spectral resolution of 36 km s-1. ESO 362-G18 is a strongly perturbed galaxy of morphological type Sa or S0/a, with a minor merger approaching along the NE direction. Previous studies have shown that the [O III] emission shows a fan-shaped extension of ≈ 10′′ to the SE. We detect the [O III] doublet, [N II] and Hα emission lines throughout our field of view. The stellar kinematics is dominated by circular motions in the galaxy plane, with a kinematic position angle of ≈ 137° and is centred approximately on the continuum peak. The gas kinematics is also dominated by rotation, with kinematic position angles ranging from 122° to 139°, projected velocity amplitudes of the order of 100 km s-1, and a mean velocity dispersion of 100 km s-1. A double-Gaussian fit to the [O III]λ5007 and Hα lines, which have the highest signal to noise ratios of the emission lines, reveal two kinematic components: (1) a component at lower radial velocities which we interpret as gas rotating in the galactic disk; and (2) a component with line of sight velocities 100-250 km s-1 higher than the systemic velocity, interpreted as originating in the outflowing gas within the AGN ionization cone. We estimate a mass outflow rate of 7.4 × 10-2 M⊙ yr-1 in the SE ionization cone (this rate doubles if we assume a biconical configuration), and a mass accretion rate on the supermassive black hole (SMBH) of 2.2 × 10-2 M⊙ yr-1. The total ionized gas mass within ∼84 pc of the nucleus is 3.3 × 105 M⊙; infall velocities of ∼34 km s-1 in this gas would be required to feed both the outflow and SMBH accretion. © ESO 2018.https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2018/06/aa31671-17/aa31671-17.htm

Metal-insulator transition in one-dimensional lattices with chaotic energy sequences

We study electronic transport through a one-dimensional array of sites by using a tight binding Hamiltonian, whose site-energies are drawn from a chaotic sequence. The correlation degree between these energies is controlled by a parameter regulating the dynamic Lyapunov exponent measuring the degree of chaos. We observe the effect of chaotic sequences on the localization length, conductance, conductance distribution and wave function, finding evidence of a Metal-Insulator Transition (MIT) at a critical degree of chaos. The one-dimensional metallic phase is characterized by a Gaussian conductance distribution and exhibits a peculiar non-selfaveraging.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures (one figure replaced). Includes new results and a few additional references. Improved style for publication. Accepted in Physics Letters

Avaliação da atividade antioxidante e citotóxico in vitro do óleo essencial de curcuma zedoaria (christm.) Roscoe / Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of curcuma zedoaria (christm.) Roscoe Essential oil

Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe é uma planta herbácea e rizomatosa da família Zingiberaceae. As folhas e os rizomas do gênero Curcuma são fontes de óleos essenciais utilizados na indústria química, farmacêutica e de alimentos devido a sua ação antioxidante. O óleo essencial de Curcuma zedoaria possui potente atividade citotóxica, antioxidante e inibe a proliferação celular de diversos tipos de cânceres. Apesar da sua importância biológica e econômica verificamos ausência na literatura de ensaios in vitro com método de difusão em culturas de Escherichia coli BW9091 e AB1157 sob a ação de agentes oxidantes (SnCl2 e H2O2) que atacam o DNA cromossômico e nucleotídeos livres e de estudos que descrevam a ação do óleo essencial com o antibiótico amoxicilina. Vale ressaltar que as cepas Escherichia coli AB1157 e BW9091 apresentam, respectivamente, todos os mecanismos de reparos funcionantes para o reparo de DNA e uma deficiência na exonuclease III (xthA-), isto é, deficiência nos sistemas envolvidos na correção de danos oxidativos do DNA por excisão de bases (BER). Já o antibiótico amoxicilina tem mobilizado a atenção e preocupação em serviços hospitalares devido ao aumento de casos de resistência microbiana. Verificou-se, neste estudo que óleo essencial de Curcuma zedoaria inibiu as cepas Escherichia coli BW9091 nas concentrações de 12 e 24 L. Contudo, a diferença na concentração foi, ligeiramente, mais perceptiva em Escherichia coli AB1157 (p<0,001) do que com a Escherichia coli BW9091 (p<0,01). É provável que a presença do gene mutante na cepa Escherichia coli BW9091 tenha promovido um aumento da resistência ao efeito inibitório do óleo essencial. Verificamos que o óleo essencial de Curcuma zedoaria nas concentrações de 24 e 12 µL apresentou potencial inibitório em ambas as cepas de Escherichia coli. Verificou-se, em Escherichia coli AB 1157, que a associação entre o óleo essencial e amoxicilina na concentração de 12 µL apresentou um halo de inibição maior do que quando administrado com o antibiótico isolado. O teste Turkey Kramer demonstrou que houve uma diferença significativa (p<0.001) entre as médias desses halos. A associação de óleo essencial com o cloreto estanoso 12 µL teve seu efeito citotóxico potencializado com ambas as cepas. Entretanto, em Escherichia coli AB 1157 o halo de inibição foi menor, demonstrando que o óleo essencial pode exercer um efeito sinérgico quando associado ao cloreto estanoso. Vale a pena ressaltar que essas diferenças foram significativas (p<0.01) tanto para a Escherichia coli AB1157 e BW9091. Já no controle positivo do peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) + 12 µL do óleo essencial observamos aumento na ação oxidativa na cepa AB1157. Portanto, concluímos que o óleo essencial tem potencial farmacológico como princípio ativo natural; exerceu atividades antioxidante e antimicrobiana sobre as cepas de Escherichia coli testadas e potencializou o efeito inibitório quando associado ao antibiótico amoxicilina

potential for soil health improvement anwd plant growth promotion

Funding text: This work was supported by funds from Camões, Instituto da Cooperação e da Língua and Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia through the research unit UIDB/00239/2020 (CEF), the PhD grant SFRH/BD/113951/2015 (Ivete Sandra Maquia), and the contribution to the International Rice Research Institute.(1) Aims: Assessing bacterial diversity and plant-growth-promoting functions in the rhizosphere of the native African trees Colophospermum mopane and Combretum apiculatum in three landscapes of the Limpopo National Park (Mozambique), subjected to two fire regimes. (2) Methods: Bacterial communities were identified through Illumina Miseq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene amplicons, followed by culture dependent methods to isolate plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Plant growth-promoting traits of the cultivable bacterial fraction were further analyzed. To screen for the presence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the promiscuous tropical legume Vigna unguiculata was used as a trap host. The taxonomy of all purified isolates was genetically verified by 16S rRNA gene Sanger sequencing. (3) Results: Bacterial community results indicated that fire did not drive major changes in bacterial abundance. However, culture-dependent methods allowed the differentiation of bacterial communities between the sampled sites, which were particularly enriched in Proteobacteria with a wide range of plant-beneficial traits, such as plant protection, plant nutrition, and plant growth. Bradyrhizobium was the most frequent symbiotic bacteria trapped in cowpea nodules coexisting with other endophytic bacteria. (4) Conclusion: Although the global analysis did not show significant differences between landscapes or sites with different fire regimes, probably due to the fast recovery of bacterial communities, the isolation of PGPB suggests that the rhizosphere bacteria are driven by the plant species, soil type, and fire regime, and are potentially associated with a wide range of agricultural, environmental, and industrial applications. Thus, the rhizosphere of African savannah ecosystems seems to be an untapped source of bacterial species and strains that should be further exploited for bio-based solutions.publishersversionpublishe

Primordial perturbations in a non singular bouncing universe model

We construct a simple non singular cosmological model in which the currently observed expansion phase was preceded by a contraction. This is achieved, in the framework of pure general relativity, by means of a radiation fluid and a free scalar field having negative energy. We calculate the power spectrum of the scalar perturbations that are produced in such a bouncing model and find that, under the assumption of initial vacuum state for the quantum field associated with the hydrodynamical perturbation, this leads to a spectral index n=-1. The matching conditions applying to this bouncing model are derived and shown to be different from those in the case of a sharp transition. We find that if our bounce transition can be smoothly connected to a slowly contracting phase, then the resulting power spectrum will be scale invariant.Comment: 11 pages, RevTeX 4, 8 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Birthing practices of traditional birth attendants in South Asia in the context of training programmes

Traditional Birth Attendants (TBA) training has been an important component of public health policy interventions to improve maternal and child health in developing countries since the 1970s. More recently, since the 1990s, the TBA training strategy has been increasingly seen as irrelevant, ineffective or, on the whole, a failure due to evidence that the maternal mortality rate (MMR) in developing countries had not reduced. Although, worldwide data show that, by choice or out of necessity, 47 percent of births in the developing world are assisted by TBAs and/or family members, funding for TBA training has been reduced and moved to providing skilled birth attendants for all births. Any shift in policy needs to be supported by appropriate evidence on TBA roles in providing maternal and infant health care service and effectiveness of the training programmes. This article reviews literature on the characteristics and role of TBAs in South Asia with an emphasis on India. The aim was to assess the contribution of TBAs in providing maternal and infant health care service at different stages of pregnancy and after-delivery and birthing practices adopted in home births. The review of role revealed that apart from TBAs, there are various other people in the community also involved in making decisions about the welfare and health of the birthing mother and new born baby. However, TBAs have changing, localised but nonetheless significant roles in delivery, postnatal and infant care in India. Certain traditional birthing practices such as bathing babies immediately after birth, not weighing babies after birth and not feeding with colostrum are adopted in home births as well as health institutions in India. There is therefore a thin precarious balance between the application of biomedical and traditional knowledge. Customary rituals and perceptions essentially affect practices in home and institutional births and hence training of TBAs need to be implemented in conjunction with community awareness programmes