The formation of Y' Phase in directionally solidified in 738 alloy

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On Some Myths about Sequenced Common-valued Auctions

Equilibria are constructed for classes of game models of sequenced second-price auctions having identical common-valued objects. In some of these the equilibrium price falls on average, and in others the seller loses on average by committing to announce publicly something that he knows. Both of these possibilities are surprisesPublicad

The Contributing Role of Prevalent Belief Systems to Intergroup Attitudes and Behaviors

Abundant research shows that prevalent belief systems across cultures contribute to people’s levels of stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. Such popular belief systems are often communicated by everyday sayings (e.g., the belief that hard work leads to success, as captured by “Madruga y verás, trabaja y tendrás” [Colombia], “Kung may tiyaga, may nilaga” [Philippines], The early bird catches the worm [U.S.A.]). We review the relations between intergroup processes and the following belief systems: entity theory, incremental theory, multiculturalism, colorblindness, polyculturalism, and the Protestant work ethic. We discuss factors that affect the development, maintenance, and potential change in these belief systems, and ways that this knowledge may be used to reduce prejudice are discussed

Quantitative bounds on convergence of time-inhomogeneous Markov chains

Convergence rates of Markov chains have been widely studied in recent years. In particular, quantitative bounds on convergence rates have been studied in various forms by Meyn and Tweedie [Ann. Appl. Probab. 4 (1994) 981-1101], Rosenthal [J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 90 (1995) 558-566], Roberts and Tweedie [Stochastic Process. Appl. 80 (1999) 211-229], Jones and Hobert [Statist. Sci. 16 (2001) 312-334] and Fort [Ph.D. thesis (2001) Univ. Paris VI]. In this paper, we extend a result of Rosenthal [J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 90 (1995) 558-566] that concerns quantitative convergence rates for time-homogeneous Markov chains. Our extension allows us to consider f-total variation distance (instead of total variation) and time-inhomogeneous Markov chains. We apply our results to simulated annealing.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051604000000620 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Laminar flow analysis of plane disk slinger seal

Flow and temperature field analysis of a plane disk slinger sea

Contractual Tradeoffs and SMEs Choice of Organizational Form, A View from U.S. and French History, 1830-2000

Today the vast majority of multi-owner firms in the United States are corporations, but that was not the case in the past. Before the advent of the income tax, tort litigation, and significant federal regulation, entrepreneurs more often than not chose to organize as partnerships, a form that economists consider seriously flawed. Why would they make such a terrible mistake? We begin by noting that corporations created new types of contracting problems for businesses at the same time as they solved problems afflicting partnerships. We then model the tradeoffs involved in the choice of corporations versus partnerships and confirm that the model’s assumptions are consistent with U.S. legal rules up through the 1940s. The model implies that partnerships and corporations are complementary organizational forms, and we show that data from the U.S. Census of Manufactures strongly supports that implication. We also verify that the model’s assumptions hold for the broader set of organizational choices available under the French Code de Commerce and use data on multi-owner firms registered in Paris in the 1830s and 1840s to demonstrate the complementary character of the basic forms. Despite much literature emphasizing the fundamentally different environments for business associated with the French and U.S. legal regimes, the basic calculus underpinning the choice of organizational form was the same in both countries.

Radical and ion molecule mechanisms in the polymerization of hydrocarbons and chlorosilanes in RF plasmas at low pressures ( 1.0 torr)

The ion-molecule and the radical-molecule mechanisms are responsible for the dissociation of hydrocarbons, and chlorosilane monomers and the formation of polymerized species, respectively, in the plasma state of a RF discharge. In the plasma, of a mixture of monomer with Ar, the rate determining step for both dissociation and polymerization is governed by an ion-molecular type interaction. Additions of H2 or NH3 to the monomer Ar(+) mixture transforms the rate determining step from an ion-molecular interaction to a radical-molecule type interaction for both monomer dissociation and polymerization processes