Condicionantes da eficiência técnica da piscicultura na Região Noroeste Paulista.

A aquicultura contribui positivamente para a oferta de pescados no país, sendo a tilápia responsável pela maior proporção das espécies produzidas no Brasil. Objetivou-se analisar a eficiência técnica de piscicultores da região Noroeste Paulista, bem como investigar variáveis que afetam a sua eficiência. Metodologicamente, para mensurar os escores de eficiência, utilizou-se a técnica não paramétrica Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA). Já para encontrar as variáveis explicativas da eficiência, empregou-se o modelo econométrico Tobit. Os resultados apontaram que 36% das propriedades atingiram eficiência máxima, com 80% de eficiência global. Quanto aos retornos de escala ineficientes, 63% foram crescentes, podendo expandir a produção obtida. Características como organização coletiva, assistência técnica e tecnologia adotada tendem a elevar a eficiência; o endividamento é apontado como um fator que influencia de maneira negativa nos escores. Conclui-se que a ineficiência apontada na piscicultura da região pode ser elevada com melhoria no manejo e capacitação técnica e gerencial aos piscicultores

Eficiência técnica da tilapicultura em São Paulo, Brasil: aplicação da análise envoltória de dados.

A piscicultura brasileira possui grande expressividade para o desenvolvimento social e econômico. Neste sentido, o processo de gestão nas principais regiões produtoras de tilápia do país, dentre as quais em São Paulo, não se resume apenas gerar indicadores econômicos de viabilidade. Dentro desta temática, como proposta de mensurar o desempenho em sistemas produtivos, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência técnica dos polos produtores de Ilha Solteira e do Médio Paranapanema, de forma a gerar informações que contribuam efetivamente para ações que visem ganhos de competitividade no setor produtivo. Metodologicamente, para mensurar os escores de eficiência, utilizou-se a técnica não paramétrica de Análise Envoltória de Dados. Os resultados apontaram que a eficiência média global foi de 80% e 58% para Ilha Solteira e Médio Paranapanema, de forma que os piscicultores devem otimizar o uso de insumos em 20% e 42% respectivamente, relacionados sobretudo ao número de pessoas na atividade e salário pago, de forma proporcional à produção obtida. Conclui-se que os sistemas produtivos das regiões de São Paulo devem dar maior atenção à infraestrutura relacionada ao fator trabalho, assim como o desempenho comparativo entre unidades piscícolas contribui para otimizar o uso dos recursos, tornando o processo produtivo mais eficiente

A importância da organização da cadeia de valor da tilápia na gestão da crise hídrica.

Introdução. Caracterização produtiva e a estiagem nos polos de piscicultura dos reservatórios de Ilha solteira, submédio e baixo São Francisco e Castanhão e Orós, no período de 2012 a 2015. Ações de Mitigação. Consequências de mercado. A importancia da caracterização climática e do Cerrado no abastecimento das grandes bacias hidrográficas brasileiras. Projeções das mudanças climáticas globais e os impactos sobre os recursos hídricos brasileiros. Considerações finais. Referências.bitstream/item/139187/1/CNPAF-2015-doc24.pd

Indexing of works of fiction in libraries: evaluation and adequacy of the Model for Fiction Indexing (MENTIF)

A indexação de obras de ficção para catálogos de bibliotecas necessita de metodologia apropriada á estrutura textual de narrativa de ficção. A falta de uma metodologia de indexação limita a representação e recuperação de assuntos no catálogo. A proposta metodológica do Modelo de Indexação de ficção (MENTIF) amplia pontos de acesso de assunto aos registros bibliográficos na recuperação desses conteúdos por outros termos diferentes da representação de forma “literatura de ficção”. A investigação sobre indexação de obras de ficção tem como objetivo o relato da avaliação e adequação do Modelo para Indexação de Ficção (MENTIF) realizada por pesquisadores e catalogadores. Para isso foram realizadas quatro etapas de avaliação que incluíram análise de registros bibliográficos e aplicação de questionários para levantamento de dados sobre satisfação e insatisfação. Os resultados obtidos proporcionaram a adequação do MENTIF conforme estratégias cognitivas e sociocognitivas dos profissionais catalogadores e em função da restrição de tempo para a tarefa.The Indexing of works of fiction to libraries catalogs requires an appropriate methodology linked to the textual structure of fiction narratives. The lack of an indexing methodology limits the representation and retrieval of subjects in the catalog. The methodological proposal of the Fiction Indexing Model (MENTIF) increases subject access points to the bibliographic records in the retrieval of these contents by other terms other than "fiction literature" representation. The research on indexing of works of fiction has as its objective to adjust the Model for Fiction Indexing (MENTIF) performed by researchers and catalogers. For this purpose, four evaluation stages were carried out, which included analysis of bibliographic records and the application of questionnaires to collect data regarding satisfaction and dissatisfaction. The results obtained allowed an adjustment of the MENTIF in accordance with the time restriction for the task as well as considering the catalogers cognitive and socio-cognitive strategies.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Determinants of different aspects of everyday outcome in schizophrenia: The roles of negative symptoms, cognition, and functional capacity

Cognition, negative symptoms, and depression are potential predictors of disability in schizophrenia. We present analyses of pooled data from four separate studies (all n>169; total n=821) that assessed differential aspects of disability and their potential determinants. We hypothesized that negative symptoms would predict social outcomes, but not vocational functioning or everyday activities and that cognition and functional capacity would predict vocational functioning and everyday activities but not social outcomes. The samples were rated by clinician informants for their everyday functioning in domains of social and vocational outcomes, and everyday activities, examined with assessments of cognition and functional capacity, rated clinically with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and self-reporting depression. We computed a model that tested the hypotheses described above and compared it to a model that predicted that negative symptoms, depression, cognition, and functional capacity had equivalent influences on all aspects of everyday functioning. The former, specific relationship model fit the data adequately and we subsequently confirmed a similar fit within all four samples. Analyses of the relative goodness of fit suggested that this specific model fit the data better than the more general, equivalent influence predictor model. We suggest that treatments aimed at cognition may not affect social functioning as much as other aspects of disability, a finding consistent with earlier research on the treatment of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, while negative symptoms predicted social functioning. These relationships are central features of schizophrenia and treatment efforts should be aimed accordingly

Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on stroke and atrial fibrillation in diabetic kidney disease: Results from the CREDENCE trial and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chronic kidney disease with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate or elevated albuminuria increases risk for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. This study assessed the effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on stroke and atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) from CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) and a meta-Analysis of large cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of SGLT2i in type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: CREDENCE randomized 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease to canagliflozin or placebo. Post hoc, we estimated effects on fatal or nonfatal stroke, stroke subtypes, and intermediate markers of stroke risk including AF/AFL. Stroke and AF/AFL data from 3 other completed large CVOTs and CREDENCE were pooled using random-effects meta-Analysis. RESULTS: In CREDENCE, 142 participants experienced a stroke during follow-up (10.9/1000 patient-years with canagliflozin, 14.2/1000 patient-years with placebo; hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.55-1.08]). Effects by stroke subtypes were: ischemic (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.61-1.28]; n=111), hemorrhagic (HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.19-1.32]; n=18), and undetermined (HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.20-1.46]; n=17). There was no clear effect on AF/AFL (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.53-1.10]; n=115). The overall effects in the 4 CVOTs combined were: Total stroke (HRpooled, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.82-1.12]), ischemic stroke (HRpooled, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.89-1.14]), hemorrhagic stroke (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.30-0.83]), undetermined stroke (HRpooled, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.49-1.51]), and AF/AFL (HRpooled, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.71-0.93]). There was evidence that SGLT2i effects on total stroke varied by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (P=0.01), with protection in the lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate (45 mL/min/1.73 m2]) subgroup (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31-0.79]). CONCLUSIONS: Although we found no clear effect of SGLT2i on total stroke in CREDENCE or across trials combined, there was some evidence of benefit in preventing hemorrhagic stroke and AF/AFL, as well as total stroke for those with lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate. Future research should focus on confirming these data and exploring potential mechanisms

Cardiomyocyte crosstalk with endothelium modulates cardiac structure, function, and ischemia-reperfusion injury susceptibility through erythropoietin

Erythropoietin (EPO) exerts non-canonical roles beyond erythropoiesis that are developmentally, structurally, and physiologically relevant for the heart as a paracrine factor. The role for paracrine EPO signalling and cellular crosstalk in the adult is uncertain. Here, we provided novel evidence showing cardiomyocyte restricted loss of function in Epo in adult mice induced hyper-compensatory increases in Epo expression by adjacent cardiac endothelial cells via HIF-2α independent mechanisms. These hearts showed concentric cellular hypertrophy, elevated contractility and relaxation, and greater resistance to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Voluntary exercise capacity compared to control hearts was improved independent of any changes to whole-body metabolism or blood O2 content or delivery (i.e., hematocrit). Our findings suggest cardiac EPO had a localized effect within the normoxic heart, which was regulated by cell-specific EPO-reciprocity between cardiomyocytes and endothelium. Within the heart, hyper-compensated endothelial Epo expression was accompanied by elevated Vegfr1 and Vegfb RNA, that upon pharmacological pan-inhibition of VEGF-VEGFR signaling, resulted in a paradoxical upregulation in whole-heart Epo. Thus, we provide the first evidence that a novel EPO-EPOR/VEGF-VEGFR axis exists to carefully mediate cardiac homeostasis via cardiomyocyte-endothelial EPO crosstalk

Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to 300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m 2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years