Effectiveness of structured teaching program on diet during lactation among postnatal mothers

World Breastfeeding Week is celebrated annually from 1 - 7th August across 120 countries. It is promoted by global health organizations like WHO and UNICEF. The goal of this week is to spread awareness about the importance of exclusive breast feeding for the first six months of an infant's life. This helps to build the baby's immune system, provides critical nutrients and promotes development. It demands an additional 500 kcal in the diet of a breastfeeding mother. Quantitative research approach was designed to find out the effectiveness of structured teaching program on diet during lactation. Pre-experimental with one group pretest-posttest design was used. The study was conducted in CSI Mission Hospital, Neyyoor. The samples consisted of 50 postnatal mothers based on the inclusion criteria. They were selected by purposive sampling technique. Demographic variables, structured knowledge questionnaire and Likert five point attitude scale were used to assess the baseline data, level of knowledge and attitude on diet during lactation among postnatal mothers. The pre-test knowledge level was 60.24+13.84 and the post-test knowledge level was 80.72+13.9. The mean difference was 20.48 and the ‘t’ value was 7.383. The pre-test attitude level was 53.04+7.9 and the post-test attitude level was 81.38+5.29. The mean difference was 28.34 and the ‘t’ value was 21.077. The obtained ‘t’ value was higher than the table value. Hence, it was highly significant at 0.05 level. The study concluded that, structured teaching program on diet during lactation was effective in terms of improving the knowledge and attitude of postnatal mothers

Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis Categorization Using Deep Learning

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is an eye disease associated with chronic diabetes. DR is the leading cause of blindness among working aged adults around the world and estimated it may affect more than 93 million people. Progression to vision impairment can be slowed or controlled if DR is detected in time, however this can be difficult as the disease often shows few symptoms until it is too late to provide effective treatment. Currently, detecting DR is a time-consuming and manual process, which requires an ophthalmologist or trained clinician to examine and evaluate digital color fundus photographs of the retina, to identify DR by the presence of lesions associated with the vascular abnormalities caused by the disease. The automated method of DR screening will speed up the detection and decision-making process, which will help to control or manage DR progression. This paper presents an automated classification system, in which it analyzes fundus images with varying illumination and fields of view and generates a severity grade for diabetic retinopathy (DR) using machine learning models such as CNN, VGG-16 and VGG-19.This system achieves 80% sensitivity, 82% accuracy, 82% specificity, and 0.904 AUC for classifying images into 5 categories ranging from 0 to 4, where 0 is no DR and 4 is proliferative DR

Role of high resolution computed tomography in evaluation of diffuse lung diseases

Background: Diffuse lung diseases are those in which the disease process is widespread involving both the lungs but need not affect all lung regions uniformly. Plain chest radiograph though inexpensive, excellent modality of choice, the pattern of diffuse lung disease on radiography is often nonspecific. HRCT can detect normal and abnormal lung interstitium and morphological characteristics of both localized and diffuse lung diseases. The aims and objectives was to study the normal anatomy of the lung with respect to secondary pulmonary lobule; to evaluate the importance of high resolution computed tomography in the diagnosis of diffuse lung diseases; to detect diffuse lung diseases in patients who had normal or questionable radiographic abnormalities with symptoms or pulmonary function tests suggestive of diffuse lung disease; to determine the site of CT guided lung biopsy for  confirmation of diagnosis in suspicious diseases and to study the various patterns of diffuse lung diseases on HRCT.Methods: A total number of 50 patients with suspected or known interstitial lung disease were studied by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) over a period of 24 months.Results: In the current study the most common cases are of tuberculosis. Next common condition observed was idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,12 (24%) cases out of 50 cases and most of them were having changes of end stage lung disease and had short lived history during the course of this study, followed by bronchiectasis, pulmonary edema and emphysema.Conclusions: HRCT is 16% more sensitive in detection of diffuse lung disease abnormalities than chest radiograph in our study.

UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF MEBEVERINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE IN CAPSULES

Objective: To develop a simple and cheap UV spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous quantitative estimation of Mebeverine hydrochloride (135mg) and Chlordiazepoxide (5mg) in MEVA C Capsules and validate as per ICH guidelines. Methods: The optimized method uses a diluent 100% Triethylammonium phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) for the estimation of assay of Mebeverine hydrochloride and Chlordiazepoxide in Capsules which are analyzed at a detection wavelength of 260nm. Results: The developed method exhibited linearity in the range of 10-40μg/ml for Mebeverine hydrochloride and 2.5-10μg/ml for Chlordiazepoxide. The precision for Mebeverine hydrochloride and Chlordiazepoxide is exemplified by relative standard deviation of 0.499% and 1.75 respectively. Percentage Mean recovery for Mebeverine hydrochloride and Chlordiazepoxide were found to be in the range of 98â€102, during accuracy studies. The limit of detection (LOD) for Mebeverine hydrochloride and Chlordiazepoxide were found to be 321ng/ml and 3.7ng/ml respectively, while limit of quantitiation (LOQ) for Mebeverine hydrochloride and Chlordiazepoxide were found to be 973ng/ml and 11.2ng/ml respectively. Conclusion: A simple and a cheap UV spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitative estimation of Mebeverine hydrochloride and Chlordiazepoxide in capsules as per ICH guidelines and hence it can be used for the routine analysis in various pharmaceutical industries

E-Resource Management and Management Issues and Challenges

E-resources are inevitable, technology has grown and libraries are also adopting the technologies although adopting have many challenges to the library professionals. Whenever something new comes they need to update themselves. A study investigated E-Resources management and management issues of Indian library professional perspectives. For this study, data was collected from various academic institutes/university libraries in India. It includes institutes of national importance, central, state, deemed and private universities. The study finds that the majority of the libraries subscribed to E-journals and E-books, administration related challenges faced by LIS professionals. The t-test results revealed a lack of professional skills is the reason for issues and challenges of Library management

LOOP POWER CONTROLLERS USING PHOTOVOLTAIC BASED BALANCING DISTRIBUTION

This paper displays a powerful Golden Section Search approach based Distribution Load Flow (DLF) for arranging of disseminated generators as PQ and/or PV hub. The pragmatic conveyance framework might have diverse sorts of burdens. The proposed DLF strategy can likewise handle a wide range of voltage ward load models. The joining of PV transport in the DLF depends on the straightforward idea and can undoubtedly be executed with some other traditional improvement strategies and also developmental procedures. This heap stream strategy can be suitable for little , medium-and extensive scale dissemination frameworks. The proposed load stream calculation is tried on dispersion frameworks with altered standard size capacitor and/or DG for different burden models to demonstrate its adequacy

Descriptive epidemiology of somatising tendency: findings from the CUPID study.

Somatising tendency, defined as a predisposition to worry about common somatic symptoms, is importantly associated with various aspects of health and health-related behaviour, including musculoskeletal pain and associated disability. To explore its epidemiological characteristics, and how it can be specified most efficiently, we analysed data from an international longitudinal study. A baseline questionnaire, which included questions from the Brief Symptom Inventory about seven common symptoms, was completed by 12,072 participants aged 20-59 from 46 occupational groups in 18 countries (response rate 70%). The seven symptoms were all mutually associated (odds ratios for pairwise associations 3.4 to 9.3), and each contributed to a measure of somatising tendency that exhibited an exposure-response relationship both with multi-site pain (prevalence rate ratios up to six), and also with sickness absence for non-musculoskeletal reasons. In most participants, the level of somatising tendency was little changed when reassessed after a mean interval of 14 months (75% having a change of 0 or 1 in their symptom count), although the specific symptoms reported at follow-up often differed from those at baseline. Somatising tendency was more common in women than men, especially at older ages, and varied markedly across the 46 occupational groups studied, with higher rates in South and Central America. It was weakly associated with smoking, but not with level of education. Our study supports the use of questions from the Brief Symptom Inventory as a method for measuring somatising tendency, and suggests that in adults of working age, it is a fairly stable trait

Association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the multinational Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been associated with exposures in the workplace. We aimed to assess the association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study. Methods We analysed cross-sectional data from 28 823 adults (≥40 years) in 34 countries. We considered 11 occupations and grouped them by likelihood of exposure to organic dusts, inorganic dusts and fumes. The association of chronic cough, chronic phlegm, wheeze, dyspnoea, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/FVC with occupation was assessed, per study site, using multivariable regression. These estimates were then meta-analysed. Sensitivity analyses explored differences between sexes and gross national income. Results Overall, working in settings with potentially high exposure to dusts or fumes was associated with respiratory symptoms but not lung function differences. The most common occupation was farming. Compared to people not working in any of the 11 considered occupations, those who were farmers for ≥20 years were more likely to have chronic cough (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.19–1.94), wheeze (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.16–1.63) and dyspnoea (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.53–2.20), but not lower FVC (β=0.02 L, 95% CI −0.02–0.06 L) or lower FEV1/FVC (β=0.04%, 95% CI −0.49–0.58%). Some findings differed by sex and gross national income. Conclusion At a population level, the occupational exposures considered in this study do not appear to be major determinants of differences in lung function, although they are associated with more respiratory symptoms. Because not all work settings were included in this study, respiratory surveillance should still be encouraged among high-risk dusty and fume job workers, especially in low- and middle-income countries.publishedVersio