418 research outputs found

    Transformación vía Agrobacterium tumefaciens para inducir tolerancia a la podredumbre blanca del aguacate

    Get PDF
    Comunicación presentada en el VII World Avocado Congress, celebrado en Cairns (Australia) del 5 al 9 de septiembre de 2011.[EN] One of the most important limiting factors for avocado production in Spain is the disease caused by the fungus Rosellinia necatrix . Genetic manipulation could be useful for the introduction of fungal resistance traits into this crop. A n efficient Agrobacterium - mediated transformation protocol for avocado using AGL1 Agrobacterium strain and somatic embryos as the target material has been established by our group, although embryo conversion rate into plants needs to be improved. For that reason, we are using the strawberry, another Rosellinia necatrix ́s host, as model species to test the effect of several transgenes (two of fungal origin, chit 42 chitinase and β - 1,3 - glucanase from Trichoderma harzianum , and one of plant origin, At NPR1), on inducing tolerance to this fungus. Strawberry transformation with the β - 1,3 - glucanase gene has allowed the selection of two lines, β6 and β10, with enhanced tolerance to R. necatrix while no positive results were obtained following transformation with the chit - 42 gene. In relation to the At NPR1 gene more than 30 independent transgenic lines have been obtained whose tolerance to R. necatrix is currently under evaluation. Concerning avocado transformation, more than 10 independent transgenic lines (derive d from an embryogenic line of an immature Duke7 zygotic embryo) have been obtained with At NPR1 gene. Plants have been recovered from one line and efforts are underway to recover plants from other lines following micrografting of the transgenic sprouted sho ots onto in vitro germinated seedlings.[ES] Uno de los factores limitantes de la producción de aguacate en España es la enfermedad causada por el hongo R. necatrix. La manipulación genética podría ser de utilidad para introducir caracteres de resistencia en este cultivo. Se ha establecido un sistema eficiente de transformación en aguacate usando la cepa de Agrobacterium AGL1 y células embriogénicas como diana, sin embargo, la conversión en plantas de los embriones transgénicos necesita ser mejorada. Por esta razón, estamos utilizando la fresa, otro huésped de R. necatrix, como especie modelo para testar el efecto de varios transgenes (2 de origen fúngico, la quitinasa chit-42 y la β-1,3-glucanasa de Trichoderma harzianum, y uno derivado de plantas, AtNPR1), en la inducción de tolerancia a este patógeno tras la transformación de esta especie. La transformación de fresa con el gen de β -1,3-glucanasa ha permitido la selección de dos líneas, β6 y β10, con mayor tolerancia a R. necatrix, mientras que no se han obtenido resultados positivos con el gen chit-42. En relación con el gen AtNPR1, se han obtenido más de 30 líneas transgénicas independientes, cuya tolerancia frente a R. necatrix se está evaluando en la actualidad. En relación con la transformación de aguacate, más de 10 líneas transgénicas independientes (derivadas de una línea embriogénica obtenida a partir de un embrión zigótico inmaduro del cv. Duke 7) se han obtenido con el gen AtNPR1. Se han recuperado plantas de una línea y actualmente se está intentando recuperar plantas de otras líneas mediante microinjerto de los embriones transgénicos germinados.Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto AGL2008 - 05453 - C02 - 01/AGR.Peer Reviewe

    Iron therapy substantially restores qEEG maturational lag among iron-deficient anemic infants

    Get PDF
    Objective: To use quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) to assess the impact of iron-deficiency anemia on central nervous system maturation in the first year of life. Method: Twenty-five infants (3–12 months old) presenting ferropenic anemia (IDA) and 25 healthy controls (CTL1), matched by age/gender with the former, were studied in two stages. Electroencephalogram during spontaneous sleep was recorded from all participants; the fast Fourier transform was calculated to obtain absolute power (AP) and relative power (RP) qEEG measures. In the first stage, a qEEG comparison between CTL1 and IDA was performed. Second stage consisted in comparing qEEG of the IDA infants before and after supplementation with iron (IDA-IS group), and comparing qEEG of the IDA-IS group with another control age-matched group (CTL2). Non-parametric multivariate permutation tests (NPT) were applied to assess differences between CTL1 and IDA groups, as well as IDA vs. IDA-IS, and IDA-IS vs. CTL2. Results: More power in slow frequency bands and less power in fast frequency bands in 64% of IDA babies were observed. NPT evinced higher alpha AP and RP (P < 0.001), less theta AP, and less delta and theta RP in CTL1 than in IDA. After iron-restoration therapy, alpha AP and RP increased while theta AP and theta and delta RP decreased, reaching almost normal values. Discussion: This work reveals CNS developmental delay through the study of qEEG (less rapid and more slow frequencies) which recovered significantly with iron supplementation. It is concluded that IDA constitutes a high risk factor for a lag of CNS maturation.CONACYT-Project No. CO1/40257-A1

    CD43 signals induce Type One lineage commitment of human CD4+ T cells

    Get PDF
    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The activation and effector phenotype of T cells depend on the strength of the interaction of the TcR with its cognate antigen and additional signals provided by cytokines and by co-receptors. Lymphocytes sense both the presence of an antigen and also clues from antigen-presenting cells, which dictate the requisite response. CD43 is one of the most abundant molecules on the surface of T cells; it mediates its own signalling events and cooperates with those mediated by the T cell receptor in T cell priming. We have examined the role of CD43 signals on the effector phenotype of adult CD4<sup>+ </sup>and CD8<sup>+ </sup>human T cells, both alone and in the presence of signals from the TcR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>CD43 signals direct the expression of IFNγ in human T cells. In freshly isolated CD4<sup>+ </sup>T cells, CD43 signals potentiated expression of the IFNγ gene induced by TcR activation; this was not seen in CD8<sup>+ </sup>T cells. In effector cells, CD43 signals alone induced the expression of the IFNγ gene in CD4<sup>+ </sup>T cells and to a lesser extent in CD8<sup>+ </sup>cells. The combined signals from CD43 and the TcR increased the transcription of the T-bet gene in CD4<sup>+ </sup>T cells and inhibited the transcription of the GATA-3 gene in both populations of T cells, thus predisposing CD4<sup>+ </sup>T cells to commitment to the T1 lineage. In support of this, CD43 signals induced a transient membrane expression of the high-affinity chains of the receptors for IL-12 and IFNγ in CD4<sup>+ </sup>T cells. CD43 and TcR signals also cooperated with those of IL-12 in the induction of IFNγ expression. Moreover, CD43 signals induced the co-clustering of IFNγR and the TcR and cooperated with TcR and IL-12 signals, triggering a co-capping of both receptors in CD4<sup>+ </sup>populations, a phenomenon that has been associated with a T1 commitment.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results suggest a key role for CD43 signals in the differentiation of human CD4<sup>+ </sup>T cells into a T1 pattern.</p

    Nitrate removal in saline water by photo-reduction using natural FeTiO as catalyst

    Full text link
    As climate change progresses, there is an increasing interest on the use of non-conventional water sources such as brackish or saline waters. Nowadays, the main threat in Europe detected in these waterbodies is nitrate contamination. Within the multiple available methods studied for nitrate reduction, photocatalysis presents promising results, but this technology has not yet been tested in saline water. This work tackles the elimination of nitrate ([NO3−] =50 mg/L) in brackish and saline water ([sea salt] = 5–33 g/L) using ilmenite as photocatalyst and oxalic acid as an environmental-friendly reducing agent. The main challenge when working in saline water is to overcome oxalic acid scavenging by Ca2+ present in the water matrix. This can be solved either working at over stoichiometric concentrations of oxalic acid (≈300% stoich. dose) or acidifying the reaction media. The addition of hydrochloric acid ensures the protonation of oxalic acid, reducing drastically its precipitation as CaC2O4. Working at [C2O42−] = 180 mg/L, [FeTiO3] = 450 mg/L and [HCl 37%] = 13 mM, 73% total nitrogen (TN) elimination was reached after 420 min. Reaction temperature was also evaluated in the range of 20–80 °C, which allowed to calculate the Ea=9.8 kJ/mol. Finally, the effect of dissolved O2 on the TN reduction was assessed. Overall, photocatalytic nitrate reduction presents itself as a feasible technology regardless of the water salinit

    Effects of local factors on adaptation to heat in Spain (1983–2018)

    Get PDF
    The European Union is currently immersed in policy development to address the effects of climate change around the world. Key plans and processes for facilitating adaptation to high temperatures and for reducing the adverse effects on health are among the most urgent measures. Therefore, it is necessary to understand those factors that influence adaptation. The aim of this study was to provide knowledge related to the social, climate and economic factors that are related to the evolution of minimum mortality temperatures (MMT) in Spain in the rural and urban contexts, during the 1983–2018 time period. For this purpose, local factors were studied regarding their relationship to levels of adaptation to heat.The authors gratefully acknowledge the grants for projects ENPY107/18; ENPY 376/18, ENPY 470/19 and ENPY 340/20 from the Carlos III Institute of Health, and is supported by the Biodiversity Foundation of the Ministry for Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge

    Biodegradable electrospun scaffolds for skin wound regeneration: a review

    Get PDF
    Over the years, skin substitutes have been sought as an alternative for the treatment of different pathologies. In this article, we focus on describing the use of different biodegradable nanofibrillar polymers as skin substitutes in the treatment of acute and chronic wounds, obtained by the electrospinning technique. Electrospinning is a tissue engineering technique used to generate nanofibers of different polymers that are characterized by having a high surface area, low molecular weight, high resistance rates, and nanoporosity, which is why they are particularly interesting for biomedicine, with potential applicability. in the replacement of skin and tubular organs. In this context, the skin created by tissue engineering has high expectations of application in the study of treatment of skin wounds

    Hidradenitis suppurativa: a review

    Get PDF
    Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that is characterized by recurrence, as well as the characteristic location of skin lesions. Patients usually develop very painful inflammatory nodules that generally end in the formation of multiple abscesses and fistulas that typically occur in the skin of the axillary, inguinal, buttock, and perianal folds. It significantly affects the quality of life of patients, leaving physical, economic and psychological sequelae. There is a wide therapeutic arsenal available, but each patient must be individualized and the best possible treatment determined. Early assessment and intensive treatment of the disease can prevent and even avoid significant sequelae and permanent deformities

    Current strategies for the reconstruction of the nipple-areola complex: a review

    Get PDF
    The reconstruction of the nipple-areola complex after a mastectomy is essential for the bio-psycho-social recovery of the patient, it is generally performed 4 to 6 months after surgery and there are multiple surgical reconstruction techniques depending on the experience of the surgeon and of the individual characteristics of the patients. The most widely used for its safety and for having shown the best results is the local flap technique combined with the use of autologous, alloplastic and allograft grafts. However, currently there is still no technique that shows long-term lasting results. For this reason, in this article we describe the five categories of reconstruction techniques for the nipple-areola complex that currently exist, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the lines of research in tissue engineering in which the world is working to find a therapeutic strategy that can reproduce a nipple-areola complex with the characteristics of the biologic.

    Partial Activation of SA- and JA-Defensive Pathways in Strawberry upon Colletotrichum acutatum Interaction

    Get PDF
    [EN] Understanding the nature of pathogen host interaction may help improve strawberry (Fragaria x anahassa) cultivars. Plant resistance to pathogenic agents usually operates through a complex network of defense mechanisms mediated by a diverse array of signaling molecules. In strawberry, resistance to a variety of pathogens has been reported to be mostly polygenic and quantitatively inherited, making it difficult to associate molecular markers with disease resistance genes. Colletotrichum acutaturn spp. is a major strawberry pathogen, and completely resistant cultivars have not been reported. Moreover, strawberry defense network components and mechanisms remain largely unknown and poorly understood. Assessment of the strawberry response to C. acutatum included a global transcript analysis, and acidic hormones SA and JA measurements were analyzed after challenge with the pathogen. Induction of transcripts corresponding to the SA and JA signaling pathways and key genes controlling major steps within these defense pathways was detected. Accordingly, SA and JA accumulated in strawberry after infection. Contrastingly, induction of several important SA, JA, and oxidative stress-responsive defense genes, including FaPR1-1, FaLOX2, FaJAR1, FaPDF1, and FaGST1, was not detected, which suggests that specific branches in these defense pathways (those leading to FaPR1-2, FaPR2-1, FaPR2-2, FaAOS, FaPR5, and FaPR10) were activated. Our results reveal that specific aspects in SA and JA dependent signaling pathways are activated in strawberry upon interaction with C. acutatum. Certain described defense-associated transcripts related to these two known signaling pathways do not increase in abundance following infection. This finding suggests new insight into a specific putative molecular strategy for defense against this pathogen.Authors are grateful to Dr. JM Lopez-Aranda (IFAPA-Centro de Churriana) for providing micropropagated strawberry plants and to Nicolas Garcia-Caparros for technical assistance. Authors also want to thank Kevin M. Folta for his insightful comments on the paper. This work was supported by Junta de Andalucia, Spain [Proyectos de Excelencia P07-AGR-02482/P12-AGR-2174, and grants to Grupo-BIO278].Amil-Ruiz, F.; Garrido-Gala, J.; Gadea Vacas, J.; Blanco-Portales, R.; Munoz-Merida, A.; Trelles, O.; De Los Santos, B.... (2016). Partial Activation of SA- and JA-Defensive Pathways in Strawberry upon Colletotrichum acutatum Interaction. Frontiers in Plant Science. 7(1036). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01036S71036Acosta, I. F., & Farmer, E. E. (2010). Jasmonates. The Arabidopsis Book, 8, e0129. doi:10.1199/tab.0129Al-Shahrour, F., Diaz-Uriarte, R., & Dopazo, J. (2004). FatiGO: a web tool for finding significant associations of Gene Ontology terms with groups of genes. Bioinformatics, 20(4), 578-580. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btg455Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W., & Lipman, D. J. (1990). Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology, 215(3), 403-410. doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(05)80360-2Amil-Ruiz, F., Blanco-Portales, R., Muñoz-Blanco, J., & Caballero, J. L. (2011). The Strawberry Plant Defense Mechanism: A Molecular Review. Plant and Cell Physiology, 52(11), 1873-1903. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcr136Amil-Ruiz, F., Garrido-Gala, J., Blanco-Portales, R., Folta, K. M., Muñoz-Blanco, J., & Caballero, J. L. (2013). Identification and Validation of Reference Genes for Transcript Normalization in Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) Defense Responses. PLoS ONE, 8(8), e70603. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070603Arroyo, F. T., Moreno, J., García-Herdugo, G., Santos, B. D. los, Barrau, C., Porras, M., … Romero, F. (2005). Ultrastructure of the early stages of Colletotrichum acutatum infection of strawberry tissues. Canadian Journal of Botany, 83(5), 491-500. doi:10.1139/b05-022Ashburner, M., Ball, C. A., Blake, J. A., Botstein, D., Butler, H., Cherry, J. M., … Sherlock, G. (2000). Gene Ontology: tool for the unification of biology. Nature Genetics, 25(1), 25-29. doi:10.1038/75556Aviv, D. H., Rustérucci, C., Iii, B. F. H., Dietrich, R. A., Parker, J. E., & Dangl, J. L. (2002). Runaway cell death, but not basal disease resistance, inlsd1is SA- andNIM1/NPR1-dependent. The Plant Journal, 29(3), 381-391. doi:10.1046/j.0960-7412.2001.01225.xBak, S., Beisson, F., Bishop, G., Hamberger, B., Höfer, R., Paquette, S., & Werck-Reichhart, D. (2011). Cytochromes P450. The Arabidopsis Book, 9, e0144. doi:10.1199/tab.0144Baniwal, S. K., Bharti, K., Chan, K. Y., Fauth, M., Ganguli, A., Kotak, S., … von Koskull-DÖring, P. (2004). Heat stress response in plants: a complex game with chaperones and more than twenty heat stress transcription factors. Journal of Biosciences, 29(4), 471-487. doi:10.1007/bf02712120Bhattacharjee, S. (2012). The Language of Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling in Plants. Journal of Botany, 2012, 1-22. doi:10.1155/2012/985298Birkenbihl, R. P., Diezel, C., & Somssich, I. E. (2012). Arabidopsis WRKY33 Is a Key Transcriptional Regulator of Hormonal and Metabolic Responses toward Botrytis cinerea Infection. Plant Physiology, 159(1), 266-285. doi:10.1104/pp.111.192641Caarls, L., Pieterse, C. M. J., & Van Wees, S. C. M. (2015). How salicylic acid takes transcriptional control over jasmonic acid signaling. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6. doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00170Casado-Díaz, A., Encinas-Villarejo, S., Santos, B. de los, Schilirò, E., Yubero-Serrano, E.-M., Amil-Ruíz, F., … Caballero, J.-L. (2006). Analysis of strawberry genes differentially expressed in response to Colletotrichum infection. Physiologia Plantarum, 128(4), 633-650. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00798.xCharng, Y., Liu, H., Liu, N., Chi, W., Wang, C., Chang, S., & Wang, T. (2006). A Heat-Inducible Transcription Factor, HsfA2, Is Required for Extension of Acquired Thermotolerance in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology, 143(1), 251-262. doi:10.1104/pp.106.091322Chung, S. H., Rosa, C., Scully, E. D., Peiffer, M., Tooker, J. F., Hoover, K., … Felton, G. W. (2013). Herbivore exploits orally secreted bacteria to suppress plant defenses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(39), 15728-15733. doi:10.1073/pnas.1308867110Curry, K. J., Abril, M., Avant, J. B., & Smith, B. J. (2002). Strawberry Anthracnose: Histopathology of Colletotrichum acutatum and C. fragariae. Phytopathology®, 92(10), 1055-1063. doi:10.1094/phyto.2002.92.10.1055Debode, J., Van Hemelrijck, W., Baeyen, S., Creemers, P., Heungens, K., & Maes, M. (2009). Quantitative detection and monitoring ofColletotrichum acutatumin strawberry leaves using real-time PCR. Plant Pathology, 58(3), 504-514. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2008.01987.xDempsey, D. A., & Klessig, D. F. (2012). SOS – too many signals for systemic acquired resistance? Trends in Plant Science, 17(9), 538-545. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2012.05.011Dodds, P. N., & Rathjen, J. P. (2010). Plant immunity: towards an integrated view of plant–pathogen interactions. Nature Reviews Genetics, 11(8), 539-548. doi:10.1038/nrg2812Doehlemann, G., Wahl, R., Horst, R. J., Voll, L. M., Usadel, B., Poree, F., … Kämper, J. (2008). Reprogramming a maize plant: transcriptional and metabolic changes induced by the fungal biotroph Ustilago maydis. The Plant Journal, 56(2), 181-195. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03590.xDong, X. (2004). NPR1, all things considered. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 7(5), 547-552. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2004.07.005Durgbanshi, A., Arbona, V., Pozo, O., Miersch, O., Sancho, J. V., & Gómez-Cadenas, A. (2005). Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Phytohormones in Plant Extracts by Liquid Chromatography−Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(22), 8437-8442. doi:10.1021/jf050884bEl Oirdi, M., El Rahman, T. A., Rigano, L., El Hadrami, A., Rodriguez, M. C., Daayf, F., … Bouarab, K. (2011). Botrytis cinerea Manipulates the Antagonistic Effects between Immune Pathways to Promote Disease Development in Tomato. The Plant Cell, 23(6), 2405-2421. doi:10.1105/tpc.111.083394Encinas-Villarejo, S., Maldonado, A. M., Amil-Ruiz, F., de los Santos, B., Romero, F., Pliego-Alfaro, F., … Caballero, J. L. (2009). Evidence for a positive regulatory role of strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa) Fa WRKY1 and Arabidopsis At WRKY75 proteins in resistance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60(11), 3043-3065. doi:10.1093/jxb/erp152Freeman, S., Horowitz, S., & Sharon, A. (2001). Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Lifestyles in Colletotrichum acutatum from Strawberry and Other Plants. Phytopathology®, 91(10), 986-992. doi:10.1094/phyto.2001.91.10.986Freeman, S., Katan, T., & Shabi, E. (1998). Characterization of Colletotrichum Species Responsible for Anthracnose Diseases of Various Fruits. Plant Disease, 82(6), 596-605. doi:10.1094/pdis.1998.82.6.596Gfeller, A., Dubugnon, L., Liechti, R., & Farmer, E. E. (2010). Jasmonate Biochemical Pathway. Science Signaling, 3(109), cm3-cm3. doi:10.1126/scisignal.3109cm3Grellet-Bournonville, C. F., Martinez-Zamora, M. G., Castagnaro, A. P., & Díaz-Ricci, J. C. (2012). Temporal accumulation of salicylic acid activates the defense response against Colletotrichum in strawberry. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 54, 10-16. doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.01.019Guidarelli, M., Carbone, F., Mourgues, F., Perrotta, G., Rosati, C., Bertolini, P., & Baraldi, E. (2011). Colletotrichum acutatum interactions with unripe and ripe strawberry fruits and differential responses at histological and transcriptional levels. Plant Pathology, 60(4), 685-697. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02423.xHeidrich, K., Wirthmueller, L., Tasset, C., Pouzet, C., Deslandes, L., & Parker, J. E. (2011). Arabidopsis EDS1 Connects Pathogen Effector Recognition to Cell Compartment-Specific Immune Responses. Science, 334(6061), 1401-1404. doi:10.1126/science.1211641Horowitz, S., Freeman, S., & Sharon, A. (2002). Use of Green Fluorescent Protein-Transgenic Strains to Study Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Lifestyles in Colletotrichum acutatum. Phytopathology®, 92(7), 743-749. doi:10.1094/phyto.2002.92.7.743Ikeda, M., Mitsuda, N., & Ohme-Takagi, M. (2011). Arabidopsis HsfB1 and HsfB2b Act as Repressors of the Expression of Heat-Inducible Hsfs But Positively Regulate the Acquired Thermotolerance. Plant Physiology, 157(3), 1243-1254. doi:10.1104/pp.111.179036Ikeda, M., & Ohme-Takagi, M. (2009). A Novel Group of Transcriptional Repressors in Arabidopsis. Plant and Cell Physiology, 50(5), 970-975. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp048Khan, A. A., & Shih, D. S. (2004). Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of two class II chitinase genes from the strawberry plant. Plant Science, 166(3), 753-762. doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2003.11.015Krinke, O., Ruelland, E., Valentová, O., Vergnolle, C., Renou, J.-P., Taconnat, L., … Zachowski, A. (2007). Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase Activation Is an Early Response to Salicylic Acid in Arabidopsis Suspension Cells. Plant Physiology, 144(3), 1347-1359. doi:10.1104/pp.107.100842Kubigsteltig, I., Laudert, D., & Weiler, E. W. (1999). Structure and regulation of the Arabidopsis thaliana allene oxide synthase gene. Planta, 208(4), 463-471. doi:10.1007/s004250050583Leandro, L. F. S., Gleason, M. L., Nutter, F. W., Wegulo, S. N., & Dixon, P. M. (2001). Germination and Sporulation of Colletotrichum acutatum on Symptomless Strawberry Leaves. Phytopathology®, 91(7), 659-664. doi:10.1094/phyto.2001.91.7.659Leon-Reyes, A., Van der Does, D., De Lange, E. S., Delker, C., Wasternack, C., Van Wees, S. C. M., … Pieterse, C. M. J. (2010). Salicylate-mediated suppression of jasmonate-responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis is targeted downstream of the jasmonate biosynthesis pathway. Planta, 232(6), 1423-1432. doi:10.1007/s00425-010-1265-zLi, J., Brader, G., Kariola, T., & Tapio Palva, E. (2006). WRKY70 modulates the selection of signaling pathways in plant defense. The Plant Journal, 46(3), 477-491. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02712.xLi, J., Brader, G., & Palva, E. T. (2004). The WRKY70 Transcription Factor: A Node of Convergence for Jasmonate-Mediated and Salicylate-Mediated Signals in Plant Defense. The Plant Cell, 16(2), 319-331. doi:10.1105/tpc.016980Liu, P.-P., von Dahl, C. C., Park, S.-W., & Klessig, D. F. (2011). Interconnection between Methyl Salicylate and Lipid-Based Long-Distance Signaling during the Development of Systemic Acquired Resistance in Arabidopsis and Tobacco. Plant Physiology, 155(4), 1762-1768. doi:10.1104/pp.110.171694Lodha, T. D., & Basak, J. (2011). Plant–Pathogen Interactions: What Microarray Tells About It? Molecular Biotechnology, 50(1), 87-97. doi:10.1007/s12033-011-9418-2López-Ráez, J. A., Verhage, A., Fernández, I., García, J. M., Azcón-Aguilar, C., Flors, V., & Pozo, M. J. (2010). Hormonal and transcriptional profiles highlight common and differential host responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the regulation of the oxylipin pathway. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61(10), 2589-2601. doi:10.1093/jxb/erq089Maas, J. L. (Ed.). (1998). Compendium of Strawberry Diseases, Second Edition. doi:10.1094/9780890546178Makowski, R. M. D., & Mortensen, K. (1998). Latent infections and penetration of the bioherbicide agent Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. malvae in non-target field crops under controlled environmental conditions. Mycological Research, 102(12), 1545-1552. doi:10.1017/s0953756298006960Maleck, K., Levine, A., Eulgem, T., Morgan, A., Schmid, J., Lawton, K. A., … Dietrich, R. A. (2000). The transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana during systemic acquired resistance. Nature Genetics, 26(4), 403-410. doi:10.1038/82521Marcel, S., Sawers, R., Oakeley, E., Angliker, H., & Paszkowski, U. (2010). Tissue-Adapted Invasion Strategies of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The Plant Cell, 22(9), 3177-3187. doi:10.1105/tpc.110.078048Ndamukong, I., Abdallat, A. A., Thurow, C., Fode, B., Zander, M., Weigel, R., & Gatz, C. (2007). SA-inducible Arabidopsis glutaredoxin interacts with TGA factors and suppresses JA-responsive PDF1.2 transcription. The Plant Journal, 50(1), 128-139. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03039.xPajerowska-Mukhtar, K. M., Wang, W., Tada, Y., Oka, N., Tucker, C. L., Fonseca, J. P., & Dong, X. (2012). The HSF-like Transcription Factor TBF1 Is a Major Molecular Switch for Plant Growth-to-Defense Transition. Current Biology, 22(2), 103-112. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.12.015Pe�a-Cort�s, H., Barrios, P., Dorta, F., Polanco, V., S�nchez, C., S�nchez, E., & Ram�rez, I. (2004). Involvement of Jasmonic Acid and Derivatives in Plant Response to Pathogen and Insects and in Fruit Ripening. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 23(3), 246-260. doi:10.1007/s00344-004-0035-1Pernas, M., Ryan, E., & Dolan, L. (2010). SCHIZORIZA Controls Tissue System Complexity in Plants. Current Biology, 20(9), 818-823. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.02.062Pieterse, C. M. J., Leon-Reyes, A., Van der Ent, S., & Van Wees, S. C. M. (2009). Networking by small-molecule hormones in plant immunity. Nature Chemical Biology, 5(5), 308-316. doi:10.1038/nchembio.164Rahman, T. A. E., Oirdi, M. E., Gonzalez-Lamothe, R., & Bouarab, K. (2012). Necrotrophic Pathogens Use the Salicylic Acid Signaling Pathway to Promote Disease Development in Tomato. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions®, 25(12), 1584-1593. doi:10.1094/mpmi-07-12-0187-rRen, C.-M., Zhu, Q., Gao, B.-D., Ke, S.-Y., Yu, W.-C., Xie, D.-X., & Peng, W. (2008). Transcription Factor WRKY70 Displays Important but No Indispensable Roles in Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid Signaling. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 50(5), 630-637. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00653.xRietz, S., Stamm, A., Malonek, S., Wagner, S., Becker, D., Medina-Escobar, N., … Parker, J. E. (2011). Different roles of Enhanced Disease Susceptibility1 (EDS1) bound to and dissociated from Phytoalexin Deficient4 (PAD4) in Arabidopsis immunity. New Phytologist, 191(1), 107-119. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03675.xRobert-Seilaniantz, A., Grant, M., & Jones, J. D. G. (2011). Hormone Crosstalk in Plant Disease and Defense: More Than Just JASMONATE-SALICYLATE Antagonism. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 49(1), 317-343. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-073009-114447Cristina, M., Petersen, M., & Mundy, J. (2010). Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling in Plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 61(1), 621-649. doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112252Rouhier, N. (2006). Genome-wide analysis of plant glutaredoxin systems. Journal of Experimental Botany, 57(8), 1685-1696. doi:10.1093/jxb/erl001Ruepp, A. (2004). The FunCat, a functional annotation scheme for systematic classification of proteins from whole genomes. Nucleic Acids Research, 32(18), 5539-5545. doi:10.1093/nar/gkh894Rusterucci, C. (2001). The Disease Resistance Signaling Components EDS1 and PAD4 Are Essential Regulators of the Cell Death Pathway Controlled by LSD1 in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL ONLINE, 13(10), 2211-2224. doi:10.1105/tpc.13.10.2211Sarowar, S., Zhao, Y., Soria-Guerra, R. E., Ali, S., Zheng, D., Wang, D., & Korban, S. S. (2011). Expression profiles of differentially regulated genes during the early stages of apple flower infection with Erwinia amylovora. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62(14), 4851-4861. doi:10.1093/jxb/err147Sasaki, Y. (2001). Monitoring of Methyl Jasmonate-responsive Genes in Arabidopsis by cDNA Macroarray: Self-activation of Jasmonic Acid Biosynthesis and Crosstalk with Other Phytohormone Signaling Pathways. DNA Research, 8(4), 153-161. doi:10.1093/dnares/8.4.153Schenk, P. M., Kazan, K., Manners, J. M., Anderson, J. P., Simpson, R. S., Wilson, I. W., … Maclean, D. J. (2003). Systemic Gene Expression in Arabidopsis during an Incompatible Interaction with Alternaria brassicicola. Plant Physiology, 132(2), 999-1010. doi:10.1104/pp.103.021683Simpson, D. W. (1991). Resistance toBotrytis cinereain pistillate genotypes of the cultivated strawberryFragaria ananassa. Journal of Horticultural Science, 66(6), 719-723. doi:10.1080/00221589.1991.11516203Shulaev, V., Sargent, D. J., Crowhurst, R. N., Mockler, T. C., Folkerts, O., Delcher, A. L., … Mane, S. P. (2010). The genome of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca). Nature Genetics, 43(2), 109-116. doi:10.1038/ng.740Song, W. C., Funk, C. D., & Brash, A. R. (1993). Molecular cloning of an allene oxide synthase: a cytochrome P450 specialized for the metabolism of fatty acid hydroperoxides. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 90(18), 8519-8523. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.18.8519Spoel, S. H., & Dong, X. (2012). How do plants achieve immunity? Defence without specialized immune cells. Nature Reviews Immunology, 12(2), 89-100. doi:10.1038/nri3141Spoel, S. H., Johnson, J. S., & Dong, X. (2007). Regulation of tradeoffs between plant defenses against pathogens with different lifestyles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(47), 18842-18847. doi:10.1073/pnas.0708139104Staswick, P. E., & Tiryaki, I. (2004). The Oxylipin Signal Jasmonic Acid Is Activated by an Enzyme That Conjugates It to Isoleucine in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell, 16(8), 2117-2127. doi:10.1105/tpc.104.023549Ten Hove, C. A., Willemsen, V., de Vries, W. J., van Dijken, A., Scheres, B., & Heidstra, R. (2010). SCHIZORIZA Encodes a Nuclear Factor Regulating Asymmetry of Stem Cell Divisions in the Arabidopsis Root. Current Biology, 20(5), 452-457. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.01.018Turner, J. G., Ellis, C., & Devoto, A. (2002). The Jasmonate Signal Pathway. The Plant Cell, 14(suppl 1), S153-S164. doi:10.1105/tpc.000679Tusher, V. G., Tibshirani, R., & Chu, G. (2001). Significance analysis of microarrays applied to the ionizing radiation response. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(9), 5116-5121. doi:10.1073/pnas.091062498Uknes, S., Mauch-Mani, B., Moyer, M., Potter, S., Williams, S., Dincher, S., … Ryals, J. (1992). Acquired resistance in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell, 4(6), 645-656. doi:10.1105/tpc.4.6.645Vargas, W. A., Martín, J. M. S., Rech, G. E., Rivera, L. P., Benito, E. P., Díaz-Mínguez, J. M., … Sukno, S. A. (2012). Plant Defense Mechanisms Are Activated during Biotrophic and Necrotrophic Development of Colletotricum graminicola in Maize. Plant Physiology, 158(3), 1342-1358. doi:10.1104/pp.111.190397Venugopal, S. C., Jeong, R.-D., Mandal, M. K., Zhu, S., Chandra-Shekara, A. C., Xia, Y., … Kachroo, P. (2009). Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 and Salicylic Acid Act Redundantly to Regulate Resistance Gene-Mediated Signaling. PLoS Genetics, 5(7), e1000545. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000545Vlot, A. C., Liu, P.-P., Cameron, R. K., Park, S.-W., Yang, Y., Kumar, D., … Klessig, D. F. (2008). Identification of likely orthologs of tobacco salicylic acid-binding protein 2 and their role in systemic acquired resistance inArabidopsis thaliana. The Plant Journal, 56(3), 445-456. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03618.xWang, D., Amornsiripanitch, N., & Dong, X. (2006). A Genomic Approach to Identify Regulatory Nodes in the Transcriptional Network of Systemic Acquired Resistance in Plants. PLoS Pathogens, 2(11), e123. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0020123Wang, D. (2005). Induction of Protein Secretory Pathway Is Required for Systemic Acquired Resistance. Science, 308(5724), 1036-1040. doi:10.1126/science.1108791Wang, G.-F., Seabolt, S., Hamdoun, S., Ng, G., Park, J., & Lu, H. (2011). Multiple Roles of WIN3 in Regulating Disease Resistance, Cell Death, and Flowering Time in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology, 156(3), 1508-1519. doi:10.1104/pp.111.176776Wiermer, M., Feys, B. J., & Parker, J. E. (2005). Plant immunity: the EDS1 regulatory node. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 8(4), 383-389. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2005.05.010Windram, O., Madhou, P., McHattie, S., Hill, C., Hickman, R., Cooke, E., … Denby, K. J. (2012). Arabidopsis Defense against Botrytis cinerea: Chronology and Regulation Deciphered by High-Resolution Temporal Transcriptomic Analysis. Th

    Gender differences in adaptation to heat in Spain (1983–2018)

    Get PDF
    In Spain the average temperature has increased by 1.7 °C since pre-industrial times. There has been an increase in heat waves both in terms of frequency and intensity, with a clear impact in terms of population health. The effect of heat waves on daily mortality presents important territorial differences. Gender also affects these impacts, as a determinant that conditions social inequalities in health. There is evidence that women may be more susceptible to extreme heat than men, although there are relatively few studies that analyze differences in the vulnerability and adaptation to heat by sex. This could be related to physiological causes. On the other hand, one of the indicators used to measure vulnerability to heat in a population and its adaptation is the minimum mortality temperature (MMT) and its temporal evolution.The authors wish to thank the funding provided by the ENPY 304/20, ENPY 376/18 and ENPY 107/18 projects of the Carlos III Health Institute III (ISCIII)
    corecore