Interatomic Coulombic Decay following Photoionization of the Helium Dimer: Observation of Vibrational Structure

Using synchrotron radiation we simultaneously ionize and excite one helium atom of a helium dimer (He_2) in a shakeup process. The populated states of the dimer ion (i.e. He^[*+](n = 2; 3)-He) are found to deexcite via interatomic coulombic decay. This leads to the emission of a second electron from the neutral site and a subsequent coulomb explosion. In this letter we present a measurement of the momenta of fragments that are created during this reaction. The electron energy distribution and the kinetic energy release of the two He^+ ions show pronounced oscillations which we attribute to the structure of the vibrational wave function of the dimer ion.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Multiplicadores domésticos “SAMEA” en un modelo multisectorial económico y ambiental de España

[EN] This paper aims to show the utility of the Social Accounting Matrix and Environmental Accounts (SAMEA). The article begins with the elaboration of the SAMEA for Spain in 2000, applied to water resources and to greenhouses gas emissions. The estimation has been made with official data of INE, integrating the environmental physical information, proceeding from the Accounts of the Water Resource and the Emissions to the Atmosphere, with the monetary information published by the National Accounting. This matrix is used as the central core of a multisectorial model of the economic and environmental performance, from which the "domestic SAMEA multipliers" are calculated. These multipliers show the impacts of different production activities on the economy and environment.[ES] En este trabajo se realiza una aplicación de los denominados sistemas híbridos, donde se integra información de distinta naturaleza (en este caso, económica, social y medioambiental Para ello se elabora una matriz de contabilidad social y medioambiental (SAMEA) de España para el año 2000, aplicada al recurso agua y las emisiones de gases efecto invernadero, estimada a partir de datos oficiales del INE. Este sistema se utiliza como pieza central de un modelo multisectorial del funcionamiento económico y medioambiental y se calculan los “multiplicadores domésticos SAMEA”. Estos multiplicadores muestran los efectos de las diferentes actividades en la producción total de la economía y en el deterioro medioambiental.Los autores agradecen la financiación recibida para este trabajo del Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Así como el interés mostrado y la intensa colaboración prestada por Antonio Martínez, Alfredo Cristóbal, Félix Alonso y Luisa Bailón del Instituto Nacional de Estadística, así como a Emilio Fontela y Antonio Pulido del Instituto Klein. Los autores somos los únicos responsables de los posibles errores que contenga este artículo.Morilla, CR.; Cardenete, MA.; Llanes, G. (2011). Domestic multipliers “SAMEA” and the multisectorial economic and environmental performance in Spain. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics. 9(1):111-135. https://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2009.01.06SWORD1111359

Update on Dihydropteroate Synthase (DHPS) Mutations in Pneumocystis jirovecii

A Pneumocystis jirovecii is one of the most important microorganisms that cause pneumonia in immunosupressed individuals. The guideline for treatment and prophylaxis of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) is the use of a combination of sulfa drug-containing trimethroprim and sulfamethoxazole. In the absence of a reliable method to culture Pneumocystis, molecular techniques have been developed to detect mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase gene, the target of sulfa drugs, where mutations are related to sulfa resistance in other microorganisms. The presence of dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) mutations has been described at codon 55 and 57 and found almost around the world. In the current work, we analyzed the most common methods to identify these mutations, their geographical distribution around the world, and their clinical implications. In addition, we describe new emerging DHPS mutations. Other aspects, such as the possibility of transmitting Pneumocystis mutated organisms between susceptible patients is also described, as well as a brief summary of approaches to study these mutations in a heterologous expression system

Comportamiento mecánico de restos de pirámides y templos americanos y los edificios históricos construidos sobre ellos

Una característica bastante habitual de monumentos y edificios históricos suele ser el estar construidos sobre otros edificios que bien fueron demolidos para levantar los actuales o bien fueron olvidados. Las nuevas construcciones suelen estar edificadas en parte sobre rellenos artificiales relativamente blandos y sobre zonas rígidas, restos de los muros anteriores. Esta disposición llega a provocar una serie de patologías características. Un caso singular de este tipo de levantamientos es la construcción de iglesias y palacios en Hispanoamérica sobre los restos de las antiguas pirámides. Además de los casos en México D.F., existen bastantes poblaciones en Guatemala y en el resto de México con pirámides parcialmente destruidas que están siendo o fueron utilizadas como base para cimentaciones de “nuevos” edificios históricos. Existen también otros casos en los que, al no disponer de cubrición en su parte superior, permiten el paso del agua de lluvia. En este artículo se muestra como el comportamiento de estas pirámides y construcciones antiguas incluidas en el terreno es más parecido al de estructuras de contención (muros) que al de plataformas horizontales debido a que el agua de lluvia aumenta los empujes sobre las capas exteriores y estos edificios, como sucede con pirámides de Guatemala y México, sufren una degradación importante. Además, se demuestra el efecto de rigidización lateral del terreno y reducción de asientos en las construcciones cimentadas sobre suelos que contienen estos restos, los cuales suponen una mejora importante de la capacidad portante.Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran CanariaColegio Oficial de Ingenieros Industriales de CanariasAgencia Canaria de Investigación, Innovación y Sociedad de la Informació

Fast Biofilm Penetration and Anti-PAO1 Activity of Nebulized Azithromycin in Nanoarchaeosomes

Azithromycin (AZ) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with anti-inflammatory and antiquorum sensing activity against biofilm forming bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AZ administered by oral or parenteral routes, however, neither efficiently accesses nor remains in therapeutic doses inside pulmonary biofilm depths. Instead, inhaled nanocarriers loaded with AZ may revert the problem of low accessibility and permanence of AZ into biofilms, enhancing its antimicrobial activity. The first inhalable nanovesicle formulation of AZ, nanoarchaeosome-AZ (nanoARC-AZ), is here presented. NanoARC prepared with total polar archaeolipids (TPAs), rich in 2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycero-1-phospho-(3′-sn-glycerol-1′-methylphosphate) (PGP-Me) from Halorubrum tebenquichense archaebacteria, consisted of ∼180 nm-diameter nanovesicles, loaded with 0.28 w/w AZ/TPA. NanoARC-AZ displayed lower minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration, higher preformed biofilm disruptive, and anti-PAO1 activity in biofilms than AZ. NanoARC penetrated and disrupted the structure of the PAO1 biofilm within only 1 h. Two milliliters of 15 μg/mL AZ nanoARC-AZ nebulized for 5 min rendered AZ doses compatible with in vitro antibacterial activity. The strong association between AZ and the nanoARC bilayer, combined with electrostatic attraction and trapping into perpendicular methyl groups of archaeolipids, as determined by Laurdan fluorescence anisotropy, generalized polarization, and small-angle X-ray scattering, was critical to stabilize during storage and endure shear forces of nebulization. NanoARC-AZ was noncytotoxic on A549 cells and human THP-1-derived macrophages, deserving further preclinical exploration as enhancers of AZ anti-PAO1 activity.Fil: Altube, María Julia. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, Melina María Belén. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Malheiros, Barbara. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Maffía, Paulo C.. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; ArgentinaFil: Barbosa, Leandro R. S.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Morilla, María José. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Romero, Eder Lilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Argentin

The morphology of CLL revisited: the clinical significance of prolymphocytes and correlations with prognostic/molecular markers in the LRF CLL4 trial.

Historically, an increase in the percentage and number of circulating prolymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) has been associated with strong expression of surface immunoglobulin, trisomy 12 and a poor outcome. This study re-examines the biological and clinical significance of increased peripheral blood prolymphocytes in 508 patients at entry into the randomized UK Leukaemia Research Fund CLL4 trial. It also investigates the associations between increased prolymphocytes and a comprehensive array of biomarkers. 270 patients (53%) had <5% prolymphocytes, 167 (33%) had 5-9%, 60 (12%) had 10-14% and 11 (2%) had ≥15% prolymphocytes. We show that a higher proportion of prolymphocytes (≥10%) was independently associated with NOTCH1 mutations (P = 0·006), absence of 13q deletion (P = 0·001), high CD38 expression (P = 0·02) and unmutated IGHV genes (P = 0·01). Deaths due to Richter syndrome were significantly more common amongst patients who had ≥10% vs <10% prolymphocytes (13% vs 2%) respectively (P < 0·0001). ≥10% prolymphocytes was also associated with a shorter progression-free survival (Hazard ratio [HR] 1·50 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1·16-1·93], P = 0·002) and overall survival (HR 1·99 [95% CI: 1·53-2·59], P < 0·0001). Our data support the routine examination of blood films in CLL and suggest that a finding of an increased proportion of prolymphocytes may be a trigger for further evaluation of clinical and laboratory features of progressive disease

Un estudio de caso: Rehabilitación singular de edificios de viviendas en la barriada del Parque Alcosa, análisis de daños constructivos comunes y propuesta de intervención

The Parque Alcosa district is located in northwestern area of Seville. It consists of 10,640 public housing development, that was promoted throughout the years 69-72 by the builder Alfredo Corral. There are three different building types which correspond to the different building stages. This article focuses on the the first one, which includes the streets, Ciudad de Jativa, Gandía, Sueca, Onteniente, Carcagente, Burjasot, Godella, Alfafar, Buñol, Paterna y Oliva. The present paper provides a constructive analisys of common building pathologies in phase 1 of Parque Alcosa, related to the potentially expansive features of the land where it is located. This paper also describes the structural sollutions for the projected intervention designed by the architect who subscribes, and was supported by the Public Land Company of Andalusia, under the Singular Building Rehabilitation program.La barriada del Parque Alcosa se localiza en el noroeste del núcleo urbano de Sevilla, y está formada por un conjunto de 10.640 viviendas de promoción pública construida durante los años 69-72 por el constructor valenciano Alfredo Corral. Existen tres modelos de edificación diferentes que responden a fases de construcción, siendo objeto de estudio en este artículo la correspondiente a la primera fase, comprendidas por las calles Ciudad de Játiva, Gandía, Sueca, Onteniente, Carcagente, Burjasot, Godella, Alfafar, Buñol, Paterna y Oliva. El presente trabajo expone el análisis de las patologías constructivas comunes existentes en la fase 1 del Parque Alcosa, relacionadas con el carácter potencialmente expansivo de los terrenos donde se ubica. Así mismo se desarrollan las soluciones constructivas de la intervención proyectada, llevado a cabo mediante el programa de Rehabilitación Singular de Edificios de la Empresa Pública del Suelo de Andalucía

Altered myogenesis and premature senescence underlie human TRIM32-related myopathy

TRIM32 is a E3 ubiquitin -ligase containing RING, B-box, coiled-coil and six C-terminal NHL domains. Mutations involving NHL and coiled-coil domains result in a pure myopathy (LGMD2H/STM) while the only described mutation in the B-box domain is associated with a multisystemic disorder without myopathy (Bardet-Biedl syndrome type11), suggesting that these domains are involved in distinct processes. Knock-out (T32KO) and knockin mice carrying the c.1465G > A (p.D489N) involving the NHL domain (T32KI) show alterations in muscle regrowth after atrophy and satellite cells senescence. Here, we present phenotypical description and functional characterization of mutations in the RING, coiled-coil and NHL domains of TRIM32 causing a muscle dystrophy. Reduced levels of TRIM32 protein was observed in all patient muscle studied, regardless of the type of mutation (missense, single amino acid deletion, and frameshift) or the mutated domain. The affected patients presented with variable phenotypes but predominantly proximal weakness. Two patients had symptoms of both muscular dystrophy and Bardet-Biedl syndrome. The muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern is highly variable among patients and families. Primary myoblast culture from these patients demonstrated common findings consistent with reduced proliferation and differentiation, diminished satellite cell pool, accelerated senescence of muscle, and signs of autophagy activation.Health Institute Carlos III PI16-01843 JR15/00042FEDER PI16-01843 JR15/00042Fundación Progreso y Salud, Junta de Andalucía PI-0085-2016Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) APP1122952 APP111751

Altered myogenesis and premature senescence underlie human TRIM32-related myopathy

TRIM32 is a E3 ubiquitin -ligase containing RING, B-box, coiled-coil and six C-terminal NHL domains. Mutations involving NHL and coiled-coil domains result in a pure myopathy (LGMD2H/STM) while the only described mutation in the B-box domain is associated with a multisystemic disorder without myopathy (Bardet-Biedl syndrome type11), suggesting that these domains are involved in distinct processes. Knock-out (T32KO) and knockin mice carrying the c.1465G > A (p.D489N) involving the NHL domain (T32KI) show alterations in muscle regrowth after atrophy and satellite cells senescence. Here, we present phenotypical description and functional characterization of mutations in the RING, coiled-coil and NHL domains of TRIM32 causing a muscle dystrophy. Reduced levels of TRIM32 protein was observed in all patient muscle studied, regardless of the type of mutation (missense, single amino acid deletion, and frameshift) or the mutated domain. The affected patients presented with variable phenotypes but predominantly proximal weakness. Two patients had symptoms of both muscular dystrophy and Bardet-Biedl syndrome. The muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern is highly variable among patients and families. Primary myoblast culture from these patients demonstrated common findings consistent with reduced proliferation and differentiation, diminished satellite cell pool, accelerated senescence of muscle, and signs of autophagy activation.Health Institute Carlos III PI16-01843 JR15/00042FEDER PI16-01843 JR15/00042Fundación Progreso y Salud, Junta de Andalucía PI-0085-2016Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) APP1122952 APP111751