Optimised search heuristic combining valid inequalities and tabu search

This paper presents an Optimised Search Heuristic that combines a tabu search method with the verification of violated valid inequalities. The solution delivered by the tabu search is partially destroyed by a randomised greedy procedure, and then the valid inequalities are used to guide the reconstruction of a complete solution. An application of the new method to the Job-Shop Scheduling problem is presented.Optimised Search Heuristic, Tabu Search, GRASP, Valid Inequalities, Job Shop Scheduling

Efeito de baixas doses de radiação X em feridas suturadas e não suturadas - estudo experimental em ratos

O presente trabalho avaliou o efeito de baixas doses de radiação X no processo de reparação tecidual em feridas suturadas e não suturadas em ratos. Para tanto, foi produzida nos animais uma ferida medindo 20 x 5 mm, sendo suturada ou não, dividindo-se os animais em 4 grupos: controle sem sutura, irradiado sem sutura, controle com sutura e irradiado com sutura. Os animais irradiados foram, no momento da irradiação, protegidos com um avental de chumbo de 2 mm de espessura com uma abertura, a qual permitia que fosse exposta somente a ferida cirúrgica. Cada animal sofreu 18 segundos de irradiação, totalizando 7,4 rad. O processo de reparação tecidual foi avaliado pela coloração por hematoxilina-eosina, verificando-se a morfologia do tecido de granulação e a impregnação argêntica para observação da síntese de colágeno, através da microscopia de polarização. Os resultados mostraram que a radiação, apesar de ter causado atraso, não impediu a reparação tecidual, sendo que o grupo que sofreu irradiação e não foi suturado mostrou maior retardo, quando comparado aos outros grupos.The present work evaluated the effect of low doses of X-irradiation on the repairing process of sutured and nonsutured skin wounds in rats. For that, rats underwent a surgical proceedure, in which a 20 x 5-millimeter rectangular wound approximately 2-millimeter-deep was made in the dorsal region of each animal, and were divided in four groups: nonirradiated nonsutured; irradiated nonsutured ; nonirradiated sutured and irradiated sutured. The animals under irradiation were protected, during exposure, with a 2-millimeter-thick lead apron in such a way that only the incision was irradiated. Each animal was submitted to 18 seconds of exposure, undergoing a total of 7.4 rads. The evaluation of the effects of X-rays on the repairing process was carried out through microscopic observation by means of hematoxylin-eosin staining for morphological evaluation, and silver impregnation under polarized light for the observation of collagen synthesis. The results have shown that X-irradiation has caused delay in the repairing process, but it did not stop its development. The irradiated nonsutured group was considered to show the greater delay when compared with the other groups

Crystal structure of 2-((2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl)(hydroxy)methyl)piperidin-1-ium trifluoroacetate, [C17H17F6N2O][C2F3O2]

[C17H17F6N2O][C2F3O2], triclinic, P¯1 (no. 2), a = 7.9873(1) Å,b = 11.0534(2) Å, c = 13.2380(3) Å, α = 105.617(1)°, β = 102.189(1)°, γ = 106.075(1)°. V = 1028.76(3) Å3 , Z = 2,Rgt(F) = 0.0403, wRref(F2) = 0.1086, T = 120(2) K. CCDC no.: 1895037 The title crystal structure is shown in the figure. Tables 1 and 2 contain details on crystal structure and measurement conditions and a list of the atoms including atomic coordinates and displacement parameters

Redescription of \u3cem\u3eTityus pictus\u3c/em\u3e Pocock, 1893 and \u3cem\u3eTityus smithii\u3c/em\u3e Pocock, 1893, with notes on the \u3cem\u3eTityus\u3c/em\u3e species from the Lesser Antilles (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

In the present paper, the taxonomic status of Tityus pictus Pocock, 1893 and all of its junior synonyms is revised. Tityus smithii Pocock, 1893 is restored as a valid species, and the subspecies Tityus smithii microdon Pocock, 1893 (currently T. pictus microdon) is regarded as its junior synonym. Both T. pictus and T. smithii are redescribed, supplementary information on their morphological variability are given, and their geographical distribution is up- dated, including a new locality record for the latter. Also, the taxonomic position and relationships of all Lesser Antillean species of the genus are clarified: it is demonstrated that T. exstinctus Lourenço, 1995 and Tityus insignis Pocock, 1889 are actually more closely related to T. pictus and T. smithii, and they all form a morphologically compact group of species which shows no clear affinities to any other species-group but “crassimanus” and “quisqueyanus”

Culicidae (Diptera) en un Área Rural del Chaco Seco, Argentina

Con el objetivo de estudiar algunos aspectos ecológicos de mosquitos en la región fitogeográfica del Chaco Seco, se realizó un estudio entre febrero y diciembre de 2007 en Misión Nueva Pompeya, Provincia del Chaco. Se seleccionaron tres parajes: "Fortín Arenales", "Los Pozos" y "Nueva Población". En cada paraje se seleccionaron tres estaciones de captura: extradomicilio (correspondiente a un bosque distante entre 90 y 110 m del domicilio), peridomicilio (representado por el corral distante hasta 10 m del domicilio) e intradomicilio (representado por las viviendas de los pobladores). Se determinaron 21 especies de mosquitos, correspondientes a 8 géneros. Se estimó el Índice de Abundancia de Especies (IAE) y la diversidad específica de cada uno de los parajes y de las estaciones de captura. Se realizó además un análisis de "clusters" para comparar los tres parajes y las tres estaciones de captura en cuanto a abundancia y diversidad de especies halladas. Las especies más abundantes fueron Mansonia titillans (Walker), Uranotaenia apicalis (Theobald) y Anopheles triannulatus (Neiva y Pinto). En cuanto a la estacionalidad, las capturas mensuales revelaron una estación con poca o casi nula presencia de mosquitos (estación seca) y un período con mayor abundancia, riqueza y diversidad de especies (estación lluviosa)

Combinando randomización sesgada y búsqueda local iterativa para resolver problemas de flow-shop

A la hora de poder aplicar algoritmos te oricos a casos reales, no solo resulta conveniente que el algoritmo sea e ciente sino tambi en que sea lo m as comprensible posible y que no requiera de comple- jos procesos de parametrizaci on. Siguiendo esta l ogi- ca, proponemos aqu un algoritmo h brido que reune las caracter sticas anteriores para resolver el proble- ma del Flow-Shop (FSP). El algoritmo, que no re- quire de parametrizaci on alguna, combina estrategias de randomizaci on con una B usqueda Local Iterativa (ILS), logrando ser competitivo con otros conocidos algoritmos que se encuentran entre los m as simples y e cientes para el FSP. Nuestro enfoque de ne (1) un nuevo operador para el proceso de perturbaci on ILS, (2) un nuevo criterio de aceptaci on basado en reglas simples y transparentes, y (3) un proceso de random- izaci on sesgada de la soluci on inicial. Los resultados preliminares obtenidos con las instancias de Taillard permiten concluir que la soluci on propuesta puede ser una excelente alternativa en aplicaciones realesPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version

La producción científica en el área de enfermería en Web of Science

La bibliometría estudia los documentos científicos que se publican, la información que contienen y los grupos que la producen y la consumen. El análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica es el mejor indicador para valorar la actividad investigadora realizada. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar la producción científica de enfermería en España publicada en Web of Science. Se han seleccionado todas las publicaciones del área de conocimientos “enfermería" en la colección principal de Web of Science desde el año 2000 hasta el primer semestre de 2016. Del total de 950 documentos, 738 fueron artículos originales y la ciudad más productiva fue Barcelona, seguida de Madrid y Granada. El 50% de los diez autores más productivos residen en Andalucía y la media de autores por trabajo varía entre 3,5-4,5 entre 2000 y 2005, y 5,5 en 2016. De las 20 revistas donde más se ha publicado, únicamente aparece una revista española, mientras que el resto proceden de países europeos y americanos. La producción científica enfermera es escasa en comparación con otras disciplinas de las Ciencias de la Salud pero desde el año 2010 existe una tendencia de aumento en el número de publicaciones. Bibliometrics studies the scientific papers that are published, the information that contain and the groups that produce and consume it. The bibliometric analysis of scientific production is the best indicator to evaluate the research activity performed. The objective of this work is to characterize the scientific production of nursing in Spain published in Web of Science. All publications in the “nursing" area of knowledge have been selected of the main collection of Web of Science from 2000 to the first half of 2016. 950 documents were obtained, 738 were original articles and the most productive city was Barcelona, followed by Madrid and Granada. 50% of the 10 most productive authors reside in Andalucía and the average number of authors per work varies between 3.5-4.5 from 2000 to 2005 and 5.5 in 2016. From the 20 most published journals, only one journal was Spanish and the rest belonged to European and American countries. The scientific production nurse is scarce compared to other disciplines of the Health Sciences, but since 2010 there is a trend of increase in the number of publications

A Robust Multi Response Surface Approach for Optimization of Multistage Processes

Purpose: In a multistage process, the final quality in the last stage not only depends on the quality of the task performed in that stage but also is dependent on the quality of the products and services in intermediate stages as well as the design parameters in each stage. One of the most efficient statistical approaches used to model the multistage problems is the response surface method (RSM). However, it is necessary to optimize each response in all stages so to achieve the best solution for the whole problem. Robust optimization can produce very accurate solutions in this case. Design/methodology/approach: In order to model a multistage problem, the RSM is often used by the researchers. A classical approach to estimate response surfaces is the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. However, this method is very sensitive to outliers. To overcome this drawback, some robust estimation methods have been presented in the literature. In optimization phase, the global criterion (GC) method is used to optimize the response surfaces estimated by the robust approach in a multistage problem. Findings: The results of a numerical study show that our proposed robust optimization approach, considering both the sum of square error (SSE) index in model estimation and also global criterion (GC) index in optimization phase, will perform better than the classical full information maximum likelihood (FIML) estimation method. Originality/value: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are few papers focusing on quality oriented designs in the multistage problem by means of RSM. Development of robust approaches for the response surface estimation and also optimization of the estimated response surfaces are the main novelties in this study. The proposed approach will produce more robust and accurate solutions for multistage problems rather than classical approaches

How do major roads affect Barn Owls? Distributin, space use, food source and mortality

Road network expansion is known as one of the main factors responsible for the decline of Barn Owl (Tyto alba) populations in Europe, although the full causes of this decline are still poorly understood. In this context we evaluated several issues related to Barn Owl\u2019s ecology, in Southern Portugal, when interacting with major roads: (a) the effect of highway distance on owl\u2019s occurrence pattern, (b) the behavioral in the vicinity of major roads, (c) the role of road verges as an attraction factor due to prey abundance, and (d) owls\u2019 spatial and temporal patterns of road mortality. To assess species occurrence (presence/absence) we broadcasted Barn Owl adult calls in 122 sites at several distances from major roads and detected 47 individuals. From the set of environmental and road-related variables tested using logistic regression, only the distance to the highway showed a significant positive influence on Barn Owl presence (\u3b2= 0.995; p<0.05). Space use patterns and road crossing rates were investigated on the basis of seven radio-tagged individuals (4 &42, 3 &40), captured in their nests located close to the highway (<5 km). The crossing rate was low (one road crossing per 34.19 hours of radio-tracking). Of the tracked individuals only four (3 &42, 1 &40) had sample sizes strong enough to provide robust estimates of home-range size (Fixed Kernel Density Estimator 95%) and just a peripheral overlap between homeranges (ranging from 2.61 km2 to 9.37 km2) and the highway was observed. The overall abundance of small mammals, assessed through live-trapping, was significantly higher in highway verges (n=248) than in the two other dominant land uses (cork oak woodlands (n=35), and croplands (n=64), suggesting that road verges could be a suitable habitat for hunting. Between 2004 and 2007, 373 road-kills were detected in 314 km of national roads surveyed (0.30 Barn Owls kills.km-1.year-1). A higher number of casualties was registered in fall and winter months when the dispersion of juveniles occurs, while lower mortality frequencies were detected in the end of summer and early spring, corresponding to hatching and fledgling periods. Mortality hotspots revealed to be strongly related with altitude (\u3b2 =-0.026; p<0.05), eucalyptus or pine forest cover (\u3b2 =-0.001; p<0.05) and percentage of cropland areas crossed by the road (\u3b2 =0.332; p<0.05). Although major roads do not seem to act as effective barriers to Barn Owls\u2019 movements, their occurrence pattern is significantly affected by this linear structure. Moreover, the potential attraction effect due to higher prey density in the highway verges does not seem to have an effect in the foraging behavior of adults