Émasculations cléricales. Itinéraires particuliers pour aborder l'identité du clerc émasculé (XIIe-XVe siècle)

International audienceThis study takes place after the gregorian reform of the eleventh century wich strives to make the chastity respect necessary for all the clergyman. In the acceptation of that continence, several itineraries appear to take into account the emasculated clerks. The revengeful secular castration and the religious enthusiasmic self-emasculation, help us to take a closer look at the twelth to fifteenth century clerks'sexual desire. However certain amont of this emasculations do not involve carnal torments and each clerck has to warn the papacy about this irregular situation. Those different applications for dispensation addressed to the pontifical chancellery allow us to interrogate the notion of " third gender " and to put into perspective the established rules of the Roman Church as for these exeptional applications.Au XIe siècle, la réforme grégorienne s'évertue à imposer la chasteté à tous les clercs, réguliers comme séculiers. Des itinéraires singuliers se dégagent dans l'appropriation de cette continence cléricale : ceux de clercs émasculés. Castration vengeresse des laïcs et auto-émasculation par ferveur religieuse aident à approcher les rapports au désir sexuel qu'entretiennent les clercs du XIIe au XVe siècle. Pour autant, certaines émasculations ne relèvent pas de ces préoccupations charnelles, quoi qu'il en soit, chacun d'entre eux doit alerter la papauté de sa situation irrégulière. Ces différentes demandes de dispense à la chancellerie pontificale permettent de questionner la notion de " troisième sexe " et de mettre en perspective les règles établies par l'Église de Rome quant à ces demandes extraordinaires

Coronary artery bypass grafting in acute myocardial infarction: analysis of predictors of in-hospital mortality

OBJETIVO: A cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (CRM) na fase aguda do infarto do miocárdio (IAM) está associada a aumento do risco operatório. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar fatores preditores de mortalidade intra-hospitalar nos pacientes submetidos a CRM no IAM. MÉTODOS: Durante três anos, todos os pacientes submetidos a CRM no IAM foram analisados retrospectivamente, utilizando o banco de dados institucional. Sessenta variáveis por paciente foram avaliadas: 49 variáveis pré-operatórias provenientes dos escores 2000 Bernstein-Parsonnet e EuroSCORE; 4 variáveis pré-operatórias não consideradas por esses escores (tempo entre o IAM e a CRM, valor máximo de CKMB, valor máximo de troponina e supradesnivelamento do segmento ST) e 7 variáveis intraoperatórias [uso de circulação extracorpórea (CEC), tempo de CEC, tipo de cardioplegia, endarterectomia, número de enxertos, uso da artéria torácica interna e revascularização completa]. Análise univariada e multivariada para o desfecho mortalidade intra-hospitalar foram realizadas. RESULTADOS: O tempo médio entre o IAM e a CRM foi de 3,8 ± 3 dias. A mortalidade global foi 19%. Na análise multivariada: idade > 65 anos [OR 16,5 (IC 1,8-152), P=0,013]~ CEC >108 minutos [OR 40 (IC 2,7-578), P=0,007], creatinina > 2 mg/dl [OR 35,5 (IC 1,7-740), P=0,021] e pressão pulmonar sistólica > 60 mmHg [OR 31(IC 1,6-591), P=0,022] foram preditores de mortalidade intra-hospitalar. CONCLUSÃO: Variáveis pré-operatórias clássicas como idade > 65 anos, creatinina > 2 mg/dl e pressão pulmonar sistólica > 60 mmHg foram preditoras de mortalidade intra-hospitalar nos pacientes operados de revascularização miocárdica na fase aguda do infarto

MD Investigation of the organic/inorganic ions selectivity at the air-liquid interface

International audienceAerosol particles are known to have a direct impact on the climate by directly absorbing and scattering solar radiation and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei. The main contribution to aerosol emission comes from the ocean through the production of sea spray aerosols (SSA), that mainly consist of organic and inorganic species, formed in different sizes and shapes, depending on their mixing ratios.Experimentally Cochran et al (2016) showed how surface activity impacts the selective transfer of species from solution to the aerosol phase. Our study aims at verifying their observations by means of molecular level simulations. We chose a series of mono- and dicarboxylates (containing 4, 6 or 8 carbon atoms) with their possible counterions (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+). Firstly, equilibrium energies of carboxylate-inorganic ion complexes in gaseous phase were obtained by quantum chemical calculations (DFT & post-HF) to compare them with force-field results. Then, we employed classical molecular dynamics approach to model these ions solvated in a water slab. Polarizable force-field water model are applied to quantify the effect of polarization.These calculations will allow to derive some trends on the enrichment f ions at the liquid-air interface compared to their eventual partitioning in the bulk phase. This work will overall contribute to a better understanding of the aerosol reactivity. REFERENCES[1] Cochran, R. E., Jayarathne, T., Stone, E.A., Grassian, V. H., " Selectivity across the interface: a test of surface activity in the composition of organic-enriched aerosols from bubble bursting", The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 7, 1692-1696 (2016)<br

An unusual presentation of cutaneous histoplasmosis as a recurrent solitary and spontaneously healing lesion in an immunocompetent patient

Infection with Histoplasma capsulatum typically manifests as a self-limiting pulmonary disease in immunocompetent patients. Systemic symptoms such as cutaneous lesions are associated with immunodeficient states. Our patient was an immunocompetent 68-year-old male who presented with a plaque on his left infraorbital area that was concerning for malignancy. Histological examination of the lesion revealed granulomatous inflammation and small yeast forms suggestive of H. capsulatum. The lesion resolved spontaneously and recurred 1 year later. On recurrence, histological examination again revealed yeast forms consistent with H. capsulatum. Serum and urine testing for H. capsulatum antigen were negative. Next-generation sequencing detected H. capsulatum, which supported the diagnosis of a cutaneous infection. The patient was prescribed and started treatment with itraconazole for 1 year after recurrence of the lesion, and he has not reported further disease recurrence to date. This case is unique because of the presentation of a primary cutaneous recurrent H. capsulatum lesion, and it demonstrated the utility of laboratory testing in its diagnosis

Experimental and theoretical study on the capture/desorption of gaseous methyl iodide on sea salt aerosols

International audienceIodine-131, when released into the environment during severe nuclear power plant accident can have a high radiological impact on the population at short term [1]. Interaction between gaseous Iodine compounds and aerosols was not considered by the current post-accident management. In this context, this work was focused on investigating the influence of sea salt aerosols on the transport of gaseous methyl iodide (CH3I). The identification of uptake processes as well as the formation of new products at the particle surfaces was the main objectives. We have studied the interaction between NaCl particles as surrogate of sea salt particles and CH3I in various humidity conditions to reproduce the atmospheric conditions. The nature of this interaction was investigated by Infrared Spectroscopy (DRIFTS, Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Spectroscopy). Solid NaCl was exposed to CH3I (1000 and 500 ppm) with a relative humidity (RH) ranging between 0 and 80%.DRIFTS results clearly evidenced adsorbed CH3I on NaCl particles surface under both dry and humid conditions. The adsorption process can be fitted with First-order Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and exhibited very low uptake coefficients in all the experimental conditions. Additionally, to the CH3I absorption bands, the DRIFT spectrum evidenced typical absorption bands that could be assigned either to the CH2 deformation of CH2I2 or to CH3 degenerate rocking of CH3Cl. The formation of new bands appears only when CH3I is in presence of halogenated salts. However, at RH=80%, the water layer at the particle surface inhibits the interaction between gaseous CH3I and NaCl surface due to the low solubility of CH3I in water.Theoretical calculations are carried out to complement the experimental results. Isolated hydrated clusters of CH3I are characterized by means of electronic structure calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics is used to mimic the CH3I / salt system at various humidities. Although the uptake and accommodation coefficients of CH3I are quite low, a coverage of particle surface with CH3I-derived compounds may affect the reactivity of the particles and in term the cycling life of Iodine in the atmosphere.Références:[1] Lebel, L. S.; Dickson, R. S.; Glowa, G. A. J. Environ. Radioact. 2016, 151, 82–93