QUANTIFICATION OF ROPINIROLE HYDROCHLORIDE IN API AND TABLETS BY NOVEL STABILITY-INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD: IT’S VALIDATION AND FORCED DEGRADATION STUDIES

Objective: A simple, economical, robust and stability-indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the quantification of ropinirole hydrochloride in API and tablets to achieve shorter retention time, to minimize human error by avoiding the use of buffers and weighing procedure and analyze more number of samples in shorter period of time with good accuracy. Methods: The chromatographic conditions for separation of ropinirole hydrochloride was carried out using Gemini NX C18 column (15 cm x 4.6 mm), 5 µm particle size with the mobile phase composing of methanol: acetonitrile (70:30 v/v), delivered at flow rate 0.7 ml/min and UV detection wavelength at 250 nm. Results: The retention time was observed at 2.718 min. The system suitability results were found to be within limits. The method was precise, with lower than 2 %RSD and the calibration curve was linear (r2=1) over a concentration range of 2.5-160 µg/ml. The detection and quantification limit was found to be 0.045 µg/ml and 0.15 µg/ml, respectively. Recovery of the drug was found between 100.09-100.19%. The assay of ropinirole hydrochloride in ROPITOR® and ROPARK® tablets were found to be 100.4 and 103.60 %, respectively. The forced degradation studies were carried out to demonstrate the specificity of the method by exposing the API under conditions of hydrolysis, oxidation, thermal and photolytic as per ICH Q1A(R2) guidelines. Conclusion: The low coefficient of variation and agreeable recovery confirmed that the newly developed method could be employed for routine analysis of ropinirole hydrochloride in API and tablets

MAGNETIC AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF ELECTRON BEAM GUN DEPOSITED [Mn/Al] MULTILAYERED FILMS

By following electron beam gun evaporation technique, the magnetic multilayers in the configuration, [Mn(60nm)/Al(20nm)]n; n =1, 2 and 9 were deposited at 473K,  under high vacuum conditions. From grazing incidence X- ray diffraction (GIXRD) studies, the grain sizes were determined and they were in the order of few nanometers. Atomic force microscope (AFM) were employed to study surface structure and grain sizes. The magnetization as a function of field at 150K and 200K have been measured using the MPMS SQUID - vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). From the hysteresis loops, coercive field, saturation magnetization, remanent magnetization and antiferromagnetic coupling were determined. All the three films hinted at the existence of at antiferromagnetic interaction between Mn layers through Al layer. Electrical resistivity in the temperature range from 5K to 300K has been measured. Films exhibited semiconducting to metallic transition. The power law variation of resistivity with temperature was established for the metallic region. Conductivity data for semiconducting region of a film has been analysed using polaran hopping models, activation energy and density of states at Fermi level were established. This is for the first time that antiferromagnetic coupling between Mn layers through interfacer layer and semiconducting to metallic transition have been noticed in the present configuration of [Mn/Al] multilayers

Using haloperidol as an anti-emetic in palliative care: informing practice through evidence from cancer treatment and post-operative contexts

YesNausea and vomiting are common symptoms in palliative care. Haloperidol is often used as an antiemetic in this context, although direct evidence supporting this practice is limited. To evaluate the efficacy and clinical use of haloperidol as an antiemetic in nonpalliative care contexts to inform practice, the authors conducted a rapid review of (i) published evidence to supplement existing systematic reviews, and (ii) practical aspects affecting the use of haloperidol including formulations and doses that are commonly available internationally. In nausea and vomiting related to cancer treatment, haloperidol was superior to control in two small studies. In postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), two randomized controlledtrials found treatment with haloperidol comparable to ondansetron. In palliative care, an observational study found a complete response rate of 24% with haloperidol (one in four patients) which would be consistent with a number needed to treat (NNT) of 3 to 5 derived from PONV. There remains insufficient direct evidence to definitively support the use of haloperidol for the management of nausea and vomiting in palliative care. However, generalizing evidence from other clinical contexts may have some validity

Genome-wide meta-analyses reveal novel loci for verbal short-term memory and learning

Understanding the genomic basis of memory processes may help in combating neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, we examined the associations of common genetic variants with verbal short-term memory and verbal learning in adults without dementia or stroke (N = 53,637). We identified novel loci in the intronic region of CDH18, and at 13q21 and 3p21.1, as well as an expected signal in the APOE/APOC1/TOMM40 region. These results replicated in an independent sample. Functional and bioinformatic analyses supported many of these loci and further implicated POC1. We showed that polygenic score for verbal learning associated with brain activation in right parieto-occipital region during working memory task. Finally, we showed genetic correlations of these memory traits with several neurocognitive and health outcomes. Our findings suggest a role of several genomic loci in verbal memory processes

Genome-wide meta-analyses reveal novel loci for verbal short-term memory and learning

Understanding the genomic basis of memory processes may help in combating neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, we examined the associations of common genetic variants with verbal short-term memory and verbal learning in adults without dementia or stroke (N = 53,637). We identified novel loci in the intronic region of CDH18, and at 13q21 and 3p21.1, as well as an expected signal in the APOE/APOC1/TOMM40 region. These results replicated in an independent sample. Functional and bioinformatic analyses supported many of these loci and further implicated POC1. We showed that polygenic score for verbal learning associated with brain activation in right parieto-occipital region during working memory task. Finally, we showed genetic correlations of these memory traits with several neurocognitive and health outcomes. Our findings suggest a role of several genomic loci in verbal memory processes.Peer reviewe

Genome-wide meta-analyses reveal novel loci for verbal short-term memory and learning

Understanding the genomic basis of memory processes may help in combating neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, we examined the associations of common genetic variants with verbal short-term memory and verbal learning in adults without dementia or stroke (N = 53,637). We identified novel loci in the intronic region of CDH18, and at 13q21 and 3p21.1, as well as an expected signal in the APOE/APOC1/TOMM40 region. These results replicated in an independent sample. Functional and bioinformatic analyses supported many of these loci and further implicated POC1. We showed that polygenic score for verbal learning associated with brain activation in right parieto-occipital region during working memory task. Finally, we showed genetic correlations of these memory traits with several neurocognitive and health outcomes. Our findings suggest a role of several genomic loci in verbal memory processes

Genome-wide meta-analyses reveal novel loci for verbal short-term memory and learning

Understanding the genomic basis of memory processes may help in combating neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, we examined the associations of common genetic variants with verbal short-term memory and verbal learning in adults without dementia or stroke (N = 53,637). We identified novel loci in the intronic region of CDH18, and at 13q21 and 3p21.1, as well as an expected signal in the APOE/APOC1/TOMM40 region. These results replicated in an independent sample. Functional and bioinformatic analyses supported many of these loci and further implicated POC1. We showed that polygenic score for verbal learning associated with brain activation in right parieto-occipital region during working memory task. Finally, we showed genetic correlations of these memory traits with several neurocognitive and health outcomes. Our findings suggest a role of several genomic loci in verbal memory processes

Hydrochemical Analysis and Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka State, India

Tumkur Taluk is located in the southeastern corner of Karnataka state between 13º 06'30" to 13º 31' 00" North latitude and 76º 59' 00" to 77º 19' 00" East Longitude. The Taluk spreads over an area of 1043 sq.km falling within the semiarid region and frequently facing water scarcity as well as quality problems. The major sources of employment are agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry, engaging almost 80% of the workforce. Water samples are collected from 269 stations during pre-monsoon and 279 locations during post-monsoon of the year 2006, and were subjected to analysis for chemical characteristics. The type of water that predominates in the study area is Ca-Mg-HCO3 type during both preand post-monsoon seasons of the year 2006, based on hydro-chemical facies. Besides, suitability of water for irrigation is evaluated based on sodium adsorption ratio, residual sodium carbonate, sodium percent, salinity hazard and USSL diagram

FEASIBILITY OF PALIPERIDONE FOR TRANSDERMAL THERAPEUTIC SYSTEMS: EX VIVO PERMEATION KINETIC STUDIES OF DRUG THROUGH RAT ABDOMINAL SKIN

Objective: The main objective of the current research study was to investigate the effect of various permeation enhancers on the skin permeation of paliperidone for transdermal therapeutic systems (TTS). Methods: A part of pre-formulation studies was performed to authentication of the drug by determining the melting point, solubility, partition coefficient (PC), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, and its purity by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Ex vivo permeation kinetic study for paliperidone alone and with 5% concentration of permeation enhancers hyaluronidase, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), groundnut oil, and tween 80 was conducted in modified Franz diffusion cell through rat abdominal skin as a barrier. The receptor phase containing 20% polyethylene glycol 400 in normal saline was maintained at 37°C. The steady-state flux was obtained to calculate permeability coefficient, enhancement ratio (ER), and the cumulative amount of drug permeated at 12 h. Results: The pre-formulation study results indicated that the received pure drug was authentified as paliperidone and its purity at par with official pharmacopeia. The PC of the drug was found to be 1.916±1.07, indicated that the drug to be lipophilic. The ex vivo permeation study results showed that the enhancement effect of some permeation enhancers on paliperidone was as follows: Hyaluronidase>DMSO>groundnut oil>tween 80. Hyaluronidase has high permeation enhancing activity with the highest permeation flux of 12.038 μg/cm2/h, and the cumulative amount of drug permeated was 212.760 μg/cm2. The ER of hyaluronidase was 3.69 folds higher than control. Conclusion: The results of the present research study attributed that hyaluronidase was a potential permeation enhancer which would be included in the TTS of paliperidone

Hydrochemical Analysis and Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka State, India

Tumkur Taluk is located in the southeastern corner of Karnataka state between 13º 06\u2730" to 13º 31\u27 00" North latitude and 76º 59\u27 00" to 77º 19\u27 00" East Longitude. The Taluk spreads over an area of 1043 sq.km falling within the semiarid region and frequently facing water scarcity as well as quality problems. The major sources of employment are agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry, engaging almost 80% of the workforce. Water samples are collected from 269 stations during pre-monsoon and 279 locations during post-monsoon of the year 2006, and were subjected to analysis for chemical characteristics. The type of water that predominates in the study area is Ca-Mg-HCO3 type during both preand post-monsoon seasons of the year 2006, based on hydro-chemical facies. Besides, suitability of water for irrigation is evaluated based on sodium adsorption ratio, residual sodium carbonate, sodium percent, salinity hazard and USSL diagram