Enfermedad de Bowen perianal. Presentación de dos pacientes

The Bowen's disease is not very common. It consists of an intraepithelial carcinoma of squamous cells. The perianal localization is unusual and a wide local resection with oncological margin is the appropriate treatment, with or without skin graft.La enfermedad de Bowen es poco frecuente, consiste en un carcinoma intraepitelial de células escamosas, la localización perianal es inusual y la resección local amplia con margen oncológico es el tratamiento adecuado, con o sin injerto de piel

Frecuencia y factores relacionados con la aparición de cardiopatía isquémica en diabéticos tipo 2

Introduction: the amount of persons with diabetes mellitus (DM) has dramatically increased in the last years, becoming a worldwide health problem.Objective: to determine the frequency and factors related to the presence of ischemic cardiopathy in people with type II diabetes mellitus.Method: it was performed a transverse and descriptive study with 1005 patients hospitalized in the Diabetic Care Center of Bayamo, Granma in the period between September  2008 to June  2011.Results: from the amount of the studied cases, 108 (10, 7 %) presented ischemic cardiopathy. In the uni-varied analysis it was observed that hypertension ( OR: 4,61, IC: 2.4-8.5, p 0,0000 ), women´s age ≥55 and men ≥45 years ( OR: 4,38, IC:2.5-7.5, p 0,0000 ), the hypertriglyceridemia ( OR: 2,44, IC: 1.5-3.8, p 0,0001 ), the metabolic syndrome ( OR:2,39, IC:1.4-3.9, p 0,0005 ) and hypercholesterolemia ( OR: 2,25, IC: 1.5-3.3, p 0,0001 ) were significantly associated with the development of the ischemic cardiopathy.Conclusions:  the ischemic cardiopathy is a frequent complication in the people with type II diabetes mellitus, and the factors with a greater influence in its development are: hypertension, the age (in women ≥ 55 and in men ≥ 45 years), the dyslipidemia and the metabolic syndrome.Introducción: el número de personas con diabetes mellitus (DM) se ha incrementado en los últimos años en forma dramática, convirtiéndose en un problema de salud a nivel mundial.Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia y los factores relacionados  con la aparición de cardiopatía isquémica  en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.Método: se realizó un estudio transversal y descriptivo con 1005 pacientes ingresados en el Centro de Atención al Diabético de Bayamo, Granma en el período comprendido entre septiembre de 2008 a junio  de 2011.Resultados: del total de casos estudiados, 108 de ellos, un  10.7%, presentaron  cardiopatía isquémica. En  el análisis univariado se observó que la hipertensión arterial (OR: 4.61, IC: 2.4-8.5, p=0.0000), la edad en mujeres ≥55 y en   hombres ≥45 años (OR: 4.38, IC:2.5-7.5, p=0.0000), la hipertrigliceridemia (OR: 2.44, IC: 1.5-3.8, p=0.0001), el síndrome metabólico (OR:2.39, IC:1.4-3.9, p=0.0005) y  la hipercolesterolemia (OR: 2.25, IC: 1.5-3.3, p=0.0001) se asociaron significativamente con el desarrollo de cardiopatía isquémica.Conclusiones: se concluye que la cardiopatía isquémica es una complicación frecuente en las personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de nuestro medio, y los factores que mayor influencia poseen en su desarrollo son: la hipertensión arterial, la edad (en mujeres ≥55 y en   hombres ≥45 años), la dislipidemia y el síndrome metabólico

Carcinoma adenoideo quístico sólido parafaríngeo. A propósito de un caso

oai:www.revactamedicacentro.sld.cu:article/8Primary tumors of the parapharyngeal space are rare and account for only 0.5% of head and neck neoplasms. This space is an area similar to an inverted pyramid that begins at the base of the skull and extends to the greater horn of the hyoid bone, where its apex is located, and it is divided into two compartments: prestyloid and poststyloid. In the prestyloid portion, the salivary gland neoplasms, especially of the parotid gland, account for the majority of tumors. It is reported the case of a 41-year-old female patient with a history of lingual paresthesia, pain and trismus, who was diagnosed a solid adenoid cystic carcinoma of the left parotid deep lobe after conducting a transcervical-mandibular approach.  Los tumores primarios del espacio parafaríngeo son raros y representan solo el 0.5% de las neoplasias de cabeza y cuello. Este espacio es un área parecida a una pirámide invertida que empieza en la base del cráneo y se extiende hasta el cuerno mayor del hueso hioides, donde ubica su ápice, y se divide en dos compartimentos: preestiloideo y postestiloideo. En la porción preestiloidea las neoplasias de glándulas salivales, sobretodo de glándula parótida, representan la mayoría de los tumores. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 41 años, con antecedentes de parestesia lingual, dolor y trismo, en la que se diagnosticó un carcinoma adenoideo quístico sólido del lóbulo profundo de la parótida izquierda luego de realizar un abordaje transcervical-mandibular

Fascie de sátiro por cuernos cutáneos. Presentación de una paciente

Cutaneous horn is a tumor lesion characterized by a disorder of keratinisation of the epithelium. It is associated with multiple causes and may be related to lesions of marked malignancy. Clinical diagnosis is based on the history and physical examination of the lesion. However, the anatomo-histological study is of vital importance to rule out malignancy. The reported case was very interesting as a 35-year-old female patient showed, bilaterally, two separate cutaneous horns on the forehead, which gave her a satyr or imp face. Exeresis of the lesions was performed, with a safety margin of 0.5 cm and plasty of the area with local flaps. Histologic examination of surgical specimens was conducted and it confirmed the diagnosis of cutaneous horns.  El cuerno cutáneo es una lesión tumoral que se caracteriza por un trastorno de la queratinización del epitelio, se asocia a múltiples causas y puede estar en relación con lesiones de marcada malignidad. El diagnóstico clínico se apoya en la anamnesis y el examen físico de la lesión; no obstante, el estudio anatomohistológico cobra vital importancia para descartar una enfermedad maligna en correspondencia. El caso que se presenta posee una connotada curiosidad al aparecer, de forma bilateral, sendos cuernos cutáneos en la región frontal de una paciente femenina de 35 años, lo que le da una fascie de sátiro o diablillo. Se realizó la excéresis de las lesiones con un margen de seguridad de 0.5cm y plastia de la zona con colgajos locales, además se efectuó el estudio histológico pertinente a las piezas quirúrgicas y se confirmó el diagnóstico de cuernos cutáneos

Clustering approach applied on an artificial neural network model to predict PM10 in mega cities of México

A cluster-based artificial neural network model called CLASO (Classification-Assemblage-Association) has been proposed to predict the maximum of the 24-h moving average of PM10 concentration on the next day in the three largest metropolitan areas of Mexico. The model is a self-organised, real-time learning neural network, which builds its topology via a process of pattern classification by using an historical database. This process is based on a supervised clustering technique, assigning a class to each centroid of the hidden layer, employing the Euclidean distance as a hierarchical criterion. A set of ARIMA models was compared with CLASO model in the forecast performance of the 24-h average PM10 concentration on the next day. In general, CLASO model produced more accurate predictions of the maximum of the 24-h moving average of PM10 concentration than the ARIMA models, although the latter showed a minor tendency to underpredict the results. The CLASO model solely requires to be built a historical database of the air quality parameter, an initial radius of classification and the learning factor. CLASO has demonstrated acceptable predictions of 24-h average PM10 concentration by using exclusively regressive PM10 concentrations. The forecasting capabilities of the model were found to be satisfactory compared to the classical models, demonstrating its potential application to the other major pollutants used in the Mexican air quality index

DNA-based population density estimation of black bear at northern Mexico: A preliminary study

The analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) microsatellites from hair samples obtained by the non-invasive method of traps was used to estimate the population density of black bears (Ursus americanus eremicus) in a mountain located at the county of Lampazos, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. The genotyping of bears was performed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using an average of two hairs for each animal. Samples were obtained with barbed wire placed at the traps, which contained food as bait. Multiplex PCR was performed with the GenomiPhiTM, G.E. kit and genotyping with an automated DNA sequencing machine (ABI 310 System). Allelic frequency, heterozygosis and exclusion probability of seven DNA microsatellites were calculated and analyzed with computer programs to determine the population density. Three of the microsatellites had a heterozygosis higher than 0.7 and the population density was calculated in at least 1 bear/km2.Keywords: Black bear, Ursus americanus, population size, DNA microsatellite, MexicoAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(2), pp. 103-10

Cáncer de mama: aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, histopatológicos y quirúrgicos

An observational, descriptive and cross sectional study was conducted in a sample of female patients who underwent breast cancer surgery at the Arnaldo Milian Castro Provincial University Hospital in Santa Clara from January 2005 to December 2010. The aim of the study was to identify the epidemiological, clinical, histopathological and surgical aspects in these patients and the morbidity of this disease in this environment. The universe was made up of 399 patients. The sample was formed by 348 patients operated at the Department of Surgery. Variables such as age, sex, municipality of origin, age at menarche, family history, surgical techniques, histological type, tumor size, number of axillary nodes involved, and the intraductal component and morbidity of breast cancer were studied. All these data were collected on a form, and were processed in version 12.0 of the SPSS. Santa Clara was the municipality with more cases, the average age was 59.6 years, most patients had early menarche, and there was a prevalence of modified radical mastectomy and infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Conservative surgery was performed in a few patients and most of them were diagnosed with stage II. There is an increase in the morbidity of this disease in recent years, and the results showed the need for a functional multidisciplinary consultation for the multisectoral management of this disease with the incorporation of the study of the sentinel lymph node.Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en una muestra de   pacientes femeninas operadas de cáncer de mama en el Hospital Provincial Universitario “Arnaldo Milián Castro” de Santa Clara desde enero de 2005 hasta  diciembre de 2010 con el objetivo de identificar los aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, histopatológicos y quirúrgicos en estas pacientes y la morbilidad de la enfermedad en este medio. El universo lo conformaron 399 pacientes, la muestra estuvo representada por 348 pacientes operadas en el Servicio de Cirugía. Se estudiaron variables como la edad, el sexo, el municipio de procedencia, la edad de la menarquia, el antecedente familiar, las técnicas quirúrgicas, el tipo histológico, la talla tumoral, el número de ganglios axilares afectados, el componente intraductal y la morbilidad del cáncer de mama; todos estos datos se recogieron en un formulario y se procesaron en la versión 12.0 del SPSS.  Santa Clara fue el Municipio de mayor número de casos, la edad promedio fue de 59,6 años, la mayoría de las pacientes tuvieron menarquia precoz, predominó la indicación de la mastectomía radical modificada y el carcinoma ductal infiltrante, la intervención quirúrgica conservadora se realizó en pocas pacientes y la mayoría fueron diagnosticadas en estadio II, hay un incremento en la morbilidad de esta enfermedad en los últimos años y los resultados demostraron la necesidad de una consulta multidisciplinaria funcional para el manejo multisectorial de esta afección con la incorporación del estudio del ganglio centinela

Multi-resolution anisotropy studies of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory

We report a multi-resolution search for anisotropies in the arrival directions of cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory with local zenith angles up to $80^\circ$ and energies in excess of 4 EeV ($4 \times 10^{18}$ eV). This search is conducted by measuring the angular power spectrum and performing a needlet wavelet analysis in two independent energy ranges. Both analyses are complementary since the angular power spectrum achieves a better performance in identifying large-scale patterns while the needlet wavelet analysis, considering the parameters used in this work, presents a higher efficiency in detecting smaller-scale anisotropies, potentially providing directional information on any observed anisotropies. No deviation from isotropy is observed on any angular scale in the energy range between 4 and 8 EeV. Above 8 EeV, an indication for a dipole moment is captured; while no other deviation from isotropy is observed for moments beyond the dipole one. The corresponding $p$-values obtained after accounting for searches blindly performed at several angular scales, are $1.3 \times 10^{-5}$ in the case of the angular power spectrum, and $2.5 \times 10^{-3}$ in the case of the needlet analysis. While these results are consistent with previous reports making use of the same data set, they provide extensions of the previous works through the thorough scans of the angular scales.Comment: Published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Added Report Numbe

Ultrahigh-energy neutrino follow-up of Gravitational Wave events GW150914 and GW151226 with the Pierre Auger Observatory

On September 14, 2015 the Advanced LIGO detectors observed their first gravitational-wave (GW) transient GW150914. This was followed by a second GW event observed on December 26, 2015. Both events were inferred to have arisen from the merger of black holes in binary systems. Such a system may emit neutrinos if there are magnetic fields and disk debris remaining from the formation of the two black holes. With the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory we can search for neutrinos with energy above 100 PeV from point-like sources across the sky with equatorial declination from about -65 deg. to +60 deg., and in particular from a fraction of the 90% confidence-level (CL) inferred positions in the sky of GW150914 and GW151226. A targeted search for highly-inclined extensive air showers, produced either by interactions of downward-going neutrinos of all flavors in the atmosphere or by the decays of tau leptons originating from tau-neutrino interactions in the Earth's crust (Earth-skimming neutrinos), yielded no candidates in the Auger data collected within $\pm 500$ s around or 1 day after the coordinated universal time (UTC) of GW150914 and GW151226, as well as in the same search periods relative to the UTC time of the GW candidate event LVT151012. From the non-observation we constrain the amount of energy radiated in ultrahigh-energy neutrinos from such remarkable events.Comment: Published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Added Report Numbe